Differences in the progress of the biopesticide revolution between the EU and other major crop‐growing regions

The five‐year value in the compound annual growth rate of the biopesticides sector is predicted to be 16% by 2017 and to produce a global market worth $US 10 billion. Despite this, several impediments occur within the EU that negatively affect biopesticide research and innovation. At present, there are fewer biopesticide‐active substances registered in the EU compared with the United States, India, Brazil and China. The relatively low level of biopesticide research in the EU (6880 ISI papers) versus the United States (18 839), India (9501) and China (7875) relates to the greater complexity of EU‐based biopesticide regulations compared with these other countries. In this light, it is worth noting that tensions may exist between regulators that emphasise the beneficial nature of biopesticides in environmentally friendly crop management and those that adopt a more technologically based approach dependent on a chemical‐pesticide‐driven model. Compared with the other aforementioned countries, far fewer biopesticide products are available in the EU market, mainly as a direct result of the severe regulatory factors present there. The extent to which this trend will continue depends largely on a range of interacting political and/or regulatory decisions that influence environmentally friendly agricultural industries. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

工厂化养殖稚幼中华鳖的环保型温室构建与性能试验

为了满足稚幼中华鳖工厂化养殖的需求,响应减少CO2排放的政策,设计建造了符合其生活习性的环保型温室.该温室使用地源热泵空调系统控温,底部排污系统排出残饵和排泄物,养殖池内配置网片隐蔽巢供稚幼鳖栖息,采用微孔增氧装置和微生物制剂调控水体中溶解氧、氨氮和亚硝态氮含量.结果表明通过使用地源热泵空调,1栋占地780m2的温室在10个月的生产期内减少使用燃煤约35t,减少CO2排放约84.01t.养殖水体中溶解氧质量浓度5.83~7.68mg/L,氨氮和亚硝态氮质量浓度分别在0.39~0.83mg/L和0.14~0.16mg/L范围内.经过约10个月的养殖(放养质量约为3.5g,密度为50只/m2),平均质量为581g,存活率86.2%,饲料转化率1.18,特定生长率1.77,1栋温室年利润为157870元.综上,该工厂化养殖稚幼鳖的环保型温室能为其提供舒适的生活环境,表现出良好的经济效益和社会效益,有很大的推广价值和实际意义.     

应用甲醛捕集剂压制环保型中密度纤维板

介绍了中密度纤维板环保的必要性,试验证明应用自制的甲醛捕集剂生产环保型中密度纤维板可行;采用正交试验,得到了合理的环保型中密度纤维板生产工艺参数：热压温度180±5℃、脲胶施加量10％、甲醛捕集剂施加量12％、热压时N25s／mm;压制的板材物理力学性能达到优等品要求,甲醛释放量满足E1级要求。     

北方民居稻草砖的推广应用及发展探究

中国北方地区推广应用节能环保绿色建筑材料——稻草砖．在探索农村循环经济的可再生、可持续发展模式及考察其实用价值等方面均产生非常重大的影响;文章概述了稻草砖性能、特点及其在国内外的应用,分析研究稻草砖在北方应用中节能环保、易于施工、成本低廉等方面的优势,以及目前在推广使用中存在的问题,并对稻草砖今后的发展方向提出建议。     

环境友好型社会下的土地伦理利用研究

阐述了环境友好型社会、土地伦理利用的定义以及两者之间的关系,提出土地利用中的伦理问题及对策,以指导土地的合理利用。     

我国特有树种珙桐的开发利用

珙桐为我国特有珍稀树种,起源古老,是第三纪古热带植物区系的孑遗树种。依据相关文献,系统阐述了珙桐的资源特征与文化内涵,总结了其综合价值和城市园林绿化的利用途径,并分析了在城乡园林绿化中应解决的问题。     

Evaluation of N and P mass balance in paddy rice culture along Kahokugata Lake, Japan, to assess potential lake pollution

Kahokugata Lake, a closed lake, has been subject to eutrophication. This research was conducted to clarify the actual phenomena and evaluation of the discharges of N and P from paddy test fields in the lowlands into Kahokugata Lake. A comprehensive mass balance of N and P was obtained from 4 years of study. About N, the mean value of harvested unhulled rice (79.9 kg/ha) was greater than mean controlled release fertilizer inputs (56.7 kg/ha). Other inputs and outputs include N in atmospheric acid deposition (21.4 kg/ha) and N fixation–denitrification (9.2 kg/ha). The rice straw recycled after harvest was balanced by straw produced in the succeeding year. The runoff and percolation losses discharged into the lake was 11.3 kg/ha, (8.6% of total inputs). Since the rice harvested was consumed domestically, which taking out from the farmland and, therefore, nitrogen pollutant into the lake was becoming small, paddy rice at this site is considered an “anti-polluting, purifying or cleansing” crop. The P content in harvested rice (39.4 kg/ha) was balanced by fertilizer inputs (36.4 kg/ha). Previous studies examining inflow–outflow relationships without considering a comprehensive mass balance may lead to erroneous conclusions. Our findings indicate paddy rice in lowlands could be an environmentally friendly crop and can play an important role in reducing pollution of lakes, and therefore should be considered in land use planning.     

广州建设环境友好城市实施保障机制

文章以科学发展观和环境友好型社会理论为指导,根据广州的实际,对建设环境友好广州提出八项保障机制:加强环境友好型法制化建设;建立环境与发展综合决策机制;建立生态约束机制;建立和完善鼓励机制;建立区域合作共生机制;建立社会参与机制;建立生态安全监测预警机制;建立生态补偿和投入机制。       

水稻土磷环境敏感临界值的研究

采用室内测试方法研究了3组质地(粘土、重壤土和轻壤土)水稻土水溶性磷(0.01mol·L-1CaCl2-P)与土壤测试磷(Olsen-P和Bray1-P)及土壤磷饱和度的关系。结果表明,水稻土因淹水耕作,其磷释放潜力明显高于旱地土壤,水溶性磷随土壤测试磷的增加而增加。土壤测试磷及磷的饱和度与土壤水溶性磷的关系存在转折点,当土壤磷超过转折点时,土壤水溶性磷和磷的释放潜力明显增加。在好气条件下,供试水稻土磷环境敏感临界值(转折点)在Olsen-P50～75mg·kg-1、Bray1-P90～140mg·kg-1和磷饱和度21%～23%之间;在厌气条件下,供试水稻土磷环境敏感临界值(转折点)在Olsen-P35～45mg·kg-1、Bray1-P75～115mg·kg-1和磷饱和度16%～18%之间,超过临界值土壤磷素可对环境产生非常明显的负影响,不应再施用磷肥和粪肥。     

家畜排泄物综合处理工艺的研究

对我国广大农村家畜排泄物常规处理存在的利弊进行了调查研究,最终揭示出厌氧发酵制沼气、好氧发酵制复混肥的一套符合我国可持续发展、创建和谐社会、节约型社会的家畜粪便处理的科学、实用方法。