Effects of feeding (ω-3) HUFA-enriched Artemia during a progressively increasing period on the larviculture of freshwater prawns

Larvae of the freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) were reared to post-larvae in a closed recirculation system. Six treatments were designed where freshly-hatched Artemia nauplii were first given to the larvae for 3, 7, 11, 15, 17 and 25 days according to the treatment. After that (-3) HUFA-enriched Artemia were given until the 28th day at which time the test was terminated and evaluated. The requirement for (-3) Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (HUFA) for the larval stages of M. rosenbergii was confirmed by this experiment. Moreover, the longer the period of feeding on (-3) HUFA-enriched Artemia nauplii, the better the results in terms of growth, metamorphosis rate, survival and stress resistance.     

Biodegradation of the herbicide bromoxynil and its plant cell wall bound residues in an agricultural soil

The mineralization and formation of metabolites and nonextractable residues of the herbicide [¹⁴C]bromoxyniloctanoate ([¹⁴C]3,5-dibromo-4-octanoylbenzonitrile) and the corresponding agent substance [¹⁴C]bromoxynil ([¹⁴C]3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile) was investigated in a soil from an agricultural site in a model experiment. The mineralization of maize cell wall bound bromoxynil residues was also investigated in the agricultural soil material. The mineralization of [¹⁴C]bromoxynil and [¹⁴C]bromoxyniloctanoate in soil within 60 days amounted up to 42 and 49%, respectively. After the experiments, 52% of the originally applied [¹⁴C]bromoxynil and 44% of the [¹⁴C]bromoxyniloctanoate formed nonextractable residues in soil. Plant cell wall bound [¹⁴C]bromoxynil residues were also mineralized to an extent of about 21% within 70 days; the main portion of 76% persisted as nonextractable residues in the soil. In bacterial enrichment cultures and in soil two polar metabolites were observed; one of it could be identified as 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoate and the other could be described tentatively as 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzamide.     

SNPpath: Characterizing cattle SNPs by enriched pathway terms

High‐density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarrays have made large‐scale genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS) feasible. Valuable insight into the genetic basis underlying complex polygenic traits will likely be gained by considering functionally related sets of genes simultaneously. SNPpath, a suite of computer‐generated imagery‐based web servers has been developed to automatically annotate and characterize cattle SNPs by enriched KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway terms. The SNPpath allows users to navigate and analysis large SNP sets and is the only web server currently providing pathway annotations of cattle SNPs in National Center for Biotechnology Information's dbSNP database and three commercial platforms. Hence, we describe SNPpath and provide details of the query options, as well as biological examples of use. The SNPpath may be favorable for the analysis of combining SNP association analysis with pathway‐driven gene set enrichment analysis and is freely available at http://klab.sjtu.edu.cn/SNPpath .     

重瓣大岩桐继代过程中休眠现象的影响因素研究

以重瓣大岩桐(Sinningia speciosa Benth.et Hook.)的两个不同品种“火红”和“鹿苑”为试验材料,通过对其叶片外植体进行离体培养,以不同培养基,不同pH值、无机盐浓度、蔗糖浓度及低温避光等进行处理,研究其对休眠的影响。结果表明:采用MS培养基、蔗糖浓度为2%,同时对试管苗进行低温(15℃)黑暗预处理10d能有效降低试管苗休眠的发生。     

CO2浓度和氮素水平对春小麦水分利用效率的影响

试验设350和700 μmol mol-12种CO2浓度水平和0、 50、 100、 150、 200 mg N kg-1土5种N肥施用水平. 结果表明, CO2浓度增加对春小麦(Triticum aestivum L. Cv. Dingxi No.8654)地上部干物重、蒸散量(ET)和冠层水分利用效率(WUE)影响均决定于土壤氮素水平. 高氮处理地上部干物重和冠层WUE明显增加, 而ET值减少不明显; 低氮处     

水稻不同生育时期N素营养对FACE响应的研究

2001、2002年利用我国惟一的农田开放式空气CO2浓度增高(FACE)系统平台,研究不同施N量条件下,对武香粳14不同生育时期N素含量、N素吸收、N素分配和N素效率的影响,结果表明：(1)除移栽后16 d,FACE使其他生育期稻株含N率显著或极显著下降,生育中期的降幅大于生育前、后期;(2)FACE使水稻不同生育期N素吸收量增加,生育前期     

化学杀雄剂CH1诱导的小麦雄性不育花药转录组学及相关基因表达的分析

为了揭示化学杀雄剂CH1诱导雄性不育的作用机理,以小麦品种普冰151为试验材料,利用测序技术对化杀不育系(FHS)和正常可育系(FZC,对照)的花药RNA进行转录组学分析,筛选差异表达基因,并进行GO、KEGG富集分析及实时荧光定量PCR分析。结果表明,FHS和FZC之间筛选出差异表达基因共3 895个,其中上调表达基因1 334个,下调表达基因2 561个,主要富集在碳水化合物代谢、多糖代谢、外部结构组织、细胞壁组织等;经KEGG分析,差异基因主要集中在戊糖和葡萄糖醛酸转化、淀粉和蔗糖代谢利用等通路中。利用实时定量PCR技术对转录组数据中所筛选出的5个表达差异较大的基因进行验证,在花药发育的单核期,处理与对照相比,这5个基因表现出不同的上下调趋势;而在二核期和三核期,这5个基因都表现出明显的下调趋势,推测这5个基因的下调表达有可能与化杀不育系花粉的败育有关。     

CO2浓度和土壤湿度对羊草光合特性影响机理的初探

CO2浓度升高、辐射强度增大对羊草Leymus chinensis生长和生理过程的影响为正效应,土壤湿度下降发生干旱对羊草生长和生理过程为负效应;CO2浓度升高使光合补偿点降低是"CO2施肥效应"的重要生理因素之一.在干旱条件下,CO2浓度升高提高了水分利用率.     

加剧酸化对土壤有效态 Cd 和水稻的影响

【目的】通过引用酸化材料加剧土壤酸化,探究 Cd 污染土壤酸化后,土壤 pH 值改变对土壤中 Cd活性及水稻产量、质量的影响,为 Cd 污染土壤的修复治理提供理论支撑。【方法】开展土壤培养试验,分析Cd 污染土壤施用酸化材料后土壤 pH 值及有效态 Cd 含量的动态变化,探究土壤 pH 变化对 Cd 活性的影响;开展水稻盆栽试验,分析土壤酸化后水稻生物量、产量及其构成因素、水稻植株及稻米 Cd 含量的变化,探究土壤pH 降低对水稻产量、质量的影响。【结果】施用酸化材料能精准降低土壤 pH,使试验土壤形成一定的 pH 梯度。土壤 pH 值降低 0.33、0.67 个单位,土壤有效态 Cd 含量分别增加 0.04、0.07 mg/kg,增幅达 21.05%、36.84%,土壤有效态 Cd 和土壤 pH 之间呈显著的负相关关系。土壤 pH 降低导致水稻生长受到抑制,植株瘦弱,与对照相比,pH 4.77、5.11 处理的水稻地上部生物量分别降低 9.61%、2.48%。水稻有效穂数、穗实粒数、结实率随土壤 pH 降低而减少,导致 pH 4.77、5.11 处理的水稻产量较对照减少 11.58%、1.74%。土壤酸化致使重金属活化,导致水稻植株及稻米对 Cd 的富集能力增强,pH 4.77、5.11 处理植株 Cd 含量较对照分别增加 87.52%、1.13%,稻米 Cd 含量较对照分别增加 134.55%、165.45%。【结论】土壤 pH 影响 Cd 的形态,土壤酸化使 Cd 的生物有效性增加,土壤有效态 Cd 和土壤 pH 之间呈显著的负相关关系。土壤酸化使水稻生长受阻,地上部生物量降低,成穗数与实粒数减少,产量降低,同时亦加剧土壤 Cd 活性,使水稻对 Cd 的吸收和富集能力增强,被重金属污染的风险也相应增加。     

山东偏酸性棕壤区小麦镉低累积品种筛选

为筛选出适宜于山东偏酸性棕壤Cd污染风险区种植的低累积小麦品种,从当地小麦栽培品种中选出20个作为研究对象,采用田间小区试验对20个小麦品种籽粒Cd积累差异进行研究。结果表明： 20个品种的小麦籽粒中Cd含量范围为0.013~0.116 mg·kg^-1,各品种间富集系数和转运系数差异显著,富集系数最大值是最小值的9倍多,不同部位的转移系数最大值是最小值的2~5倍;综合聚类分析、富集系数、转运系数等指标,初步筛选出在试验条件下表现出低累积特性的3个小麦品种（烟农745、济麦55、济糯116）,小麦产量指标结果显示其中2个品种的产量高于平均产量,结合健康风险评价指标最终确定出2个产量较高的Cd低累积小麦品种（烟农745、济麦55）;但是对于筛选出的小麦Cd低累积品种的稳定性及其关键影响因素仍需进一步研究和验证。