红树内生细菌AmS2对多种植物病原真菌的抑制作用

采用平板对峙生长法测定了红树内生细菌AmS2菌株对辣椒疫霉和香蕉枯萎菌等多种植物病原真菌的抑制作用,通过生长速率法研究了发酵液甲醇提取物对多种植物病原真菌的毒力作用.结果表明,菌株AmS2对多种病原菌均具有较强的抑制作用,其中对辣椒炭疽菌的抑制作用最强,抑菌带宽为11.5 mm,显微观察抑菌带边缘菌丝末端膨大成球状、分枝增多、细胞壁破裂.发酵液甲醇提取物能够抑制6种病原真菌的生长,随着浓度的增加,抑菌效果增强,其中对辣椒炭疽菌的抑菌效果最好,EC50和EC95分别为0.8923 mg/mL和2.4939 mg/mL.     

Three New Asperentin Derivatives from the Algicolous Fungus Aspergillus sp. F00785

Three new asperentin-type compounds, 6-O-α-d-ribosylasperentin (1) and 6-O-α-d-ribosyl-8-O-methylasperentin (2) and 5-hydroxyl-6-O-methylasperentin (3), along with asperentin (4) and its known analogues (5–9), were isolated from a halotolerant Aspergillus sp. strain {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"F00785","term_id":"707638","term_text":"F00785"}}F00785, an endotrophic fungus from marine alga. Their structures were determined using extensive NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic analysis, including the X-ray crystallographic data for the assignment of the absolute configurations of compound 9. Compound 4 exhibited highly potent inhibitory activity against crop pathogens, Colletotrichum gleosporioides Penz. and Colletotrichum gleosporioides (Penz.) Sacc.     

翠雀内生真菌分离鉴定及分布特性研究

旨在探明有毒植物翠雀的内生真菌种类,作者采用表面消毒法分离,运用形态学鉴定,采用ITS序列构建系统进化树,确定了其内生真菌的种类。结果显示,从翠雀植物中分离得到22种内生真菌,将其根据亲缘关系进行系统进化分析,主要分为Ⅰ和Ⅱ两大种群,分属于6纲、6目、6科、7属,其中,链格孢属真菌（Alternaria sp.）为优势菌（占分离菌株数的31.82%,主要分布于花和叶中）,内生真菌在花中分布最普遍（占分离菌株数的40.91%）,其次,为叶（31.82%）、根（22.73%）和茎（4.55%）。结果表明,翠雀内生真菌在不同组织中的分布普遍性不同。     

植物内生真菌产生生物活性物质的研究进展

对近年来植物内生真菌产生的36个代谢产物及其生物活性进行了归纳,主要有生物碱类、萜类、甾体类化合物,其中以生物碱类活性物质数量最多;目前活性研究主要集中在医学和农业领域;最后对今后植物内生真菌活性代谢物质的研究进行了展望。     

Halophyte root powder: an alternative biofertilizer and carrier for saline land

ABSTRACT

The present investigation was based on the hypothesis that the endophytes residing in the roots of halophytes have better adaptation to saline conditions. Six halophytic herbs were collected from Khewra salt range (EC = 4.7 dS m^?1 and SAR = 25.7). From these herbs, root pieces of Cenchrus ciliaris were shade dried; finely ground to powder and three plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonad moraviensis, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, were isolated. Root powder in sterilized and unsterilized forms was added in the saline-sodic field on wheat and mixed with soil in pot experiment with induced NaCl (150 mM). Sterilized root powder increased organic matter NO₃-N and P contents of soil and leaves, fresh weight, sugar content, and yield attributes. The root powder application in unsterilized form significantly decreased EC, SAR, and Na content of field soil with concomitant increase in soil and leaves K, P, and NO₃-N. The farmer’s benefit was increased by 33% at yield. Root powder-induced salt tolerance was mediated by the PGPR (residing inside the root) through increased growth and better physiological adaptations. It is inferred that root powder harboring the PGPR may be an alternative to biofertilizer with longer shelf life and may also serve as carrier for the preparation of effective biofertilizer for saline land using other PGPR bio-inoculants.     

不同施肥水平下甘蔗植株根系内生细菌群落结构特征

分析不同施肥水平下甘蔗植株根系内生细菌群落结构特征,旨在解析不同施肥水平对甘蔗植株内生细菌群落的影响,为挖掘和利用有益内生细菌及其功能提供理论依据。结果发现,门分类水平,施肥处理条件下甘蔗植株根系中放线菌门(Actinobacteria)细菌丰度占比均低于相应的不施肥处理,但绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)细菌丰度占比均高于不施肥处理。属分类水平,Haliangium、 Acidicapsa、 unclassified＿f＿＿Ktedonobacteraceae和unclassified＿f＿＿Acidobacteriaceae＿Subgroup＿1是常规施肥水平(3000kghm^-2,H处理)条件下甘蔗植株根系特有的优势内生细菌属;而鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)是减量施肥水平(1500 kg hm^-2, M处理)下特有的优势内生细菌属;中慢生根瘤菌属(Mesorhizobium)、 norank＿f＿＿BIrii41、糖霉菌属(Glycomyces)、 norank＿f＿＿67-14、 Reyranella、 unclass...     

CO-INOCULATION OF SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX) WITH ACTINOMYCETES AND BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM ENHANCES PLANT GROWTH,NITROGENASE ACTIVITY AND PLANT NUTRITION

The aim of this study was to determine the potential of the endophytic actinomycetes that produce plant growth promoters used as co-inoculants with Bradyrhizobium japonicum to promote the growth of soybean. These endophytes exhibited the potential to enhance plant growth, nitrogenase activity of root nodules and plant nutrient uptake. Co-inoculum of B. japonicum with Nocardia alba conferred the maximum yield of root and shoot dry weight. All single-inoculated actinomycetes strains had the ability to enhance plant growth. Noc. alba and Nonomuraea rubra increased total plant dry weight up to 2.14-fold and 2.11-fold, respectively, when compared to the uninoculated controls. Co-inoculations of B. japonicum with each of Noc. alba, Non. Rubra, and Actinomadura glauciflava increased acetylene reduction activity up to 1.7 to 2.7-fold. For plant mineral composition, all of co-inoculation treatments significantly increased the nutrient levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) within a soybean plant.     

长期施氮对谷子根系内生真菌群落特征的影响

为探讨长期施氮对作物运输根和吸收根内生真菌群落特征的影响及其机制。以农田长期定位施肥试验(1995—2019年)为基础,通过高通量测序技术,研究长期5个施氮肥处理(CK、N1、N2、N1P、N2P。其中CK、N1、N2施氮量分别为0,55.2,110.4 kg/hm~2)对谷子不同功能根内生真菌群落组成和结构的影响。结果表明:CK处理中吸收根的OTUs数和真菌多样性(shannon指数和Chao 1指数)均显著高于运输根(P0.05)。门水平上,吸收根的Ascomycota和Glomeromycota丰度显著高于运输根(P0.05),但Mortierellomycota和Basidiomycota丰度显著低于运输根(P0.05)。在属水平上,优势菌属Mortierella和Bipolaris在吸收根内的相对丰度显著低于运输根(P0.05),但Fusarium和Minimedusa显著高于运输根(P0.05)。高氮施肥吸收根和运输根的OTUs数、Chao 1指数分别提高了23.62%,23.87%,其他施肥则相反。施肥运输根的shannon指数提高了7.12%～19.62%,吸收根则相反。施肥吸收根致病菌属(Bipolaris、Fusarium、Magnaporthiopsis、Microdochium)的相对丰度分别增加了52.99%,40.74%,133.06%,200.00%,运输根中抗病菌属(Minimedusa)的相对丰度提高了40.16%～97.11%。施肥谷子根系碳、氮、磷含量分别提高了2.33%～11.63%,13.30%～94.66%,3.89%～263.92%,氮磷肥配施处理的影响尤为显著(P0.05)。施肥运输根生物量提高了106.67%～336.41%,吸收根的生物量降低了35.20%～60.20%。长期施肥通过提高土壤速效磷、全磷、可溶性氮和根系碳含量而提高吸收根内生真菌丰度,通过提高根系生物量而降低运输根内生真菌丰度,低氮磷配施肥(N1P)对土壤养分含量及菌群发展影响最大。探明长期施氮肥对黄土丘陵区谷子不同功能根系内生真菌分布格局变化的影响,为作物的高产优质及农田土壤生态环境的良好构建提供理论依据。     

甜菜褐斑病内生拮抗菌的筛选、鉴定及其防效测定

 Three hundred and one endophytic bacteria strains were isolated from healthy sugar beet plants in severely diseased plots in Changji County,Xinjiang Province.Three endophytic bacteria strains,1-5,4-1 and 4-3,showed relatively strong antagonistic against Cercospora beticola.Strain 1-5 was identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa,while strains 4-1 and 4-3 were as Bacillus flexus and Stenotrophomonas sp. by their morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics.The results from several experiment trials showed that the endophytic bacteria could reduce the disease incidence of sugar beet.The control efficiency reached from 67.6% to 80.2%, indicating that biocontrol with endophytic bacteria was an alternative and potential method to control sugar beet fungi disease.     

橡胶树枝条内生真菌的分离及其拮抗性的测定

经过严格的表面消毒程序,从橡胶树枝条中分离到18株内生真菌,并对其进行初步鉴定.结果表明,这18株内生真菌分别归属于2个目,2个科,7个属,其优势菌群为无孢菌群(Mycelia Sterilia).通过温度测定,确定橡胶树内生真菌最适生长温度为25～28℃:采用平板对峙培养法,研究内生真菌对香蕉枯萎病菌(Fusarum pxysporum f.sp.cubense)和橡胶炭疽病菌(Colletorichum gloeosporioides Penz.Sace)的抑菌作用.结果表明,ITBB2-2对两种植物病原菌的拮抗作用最好.ITBBBB2-10和ITBB2-15次之,ITBB2-3对香蕉枯萎病菌拮抗作用明显而对橡胶炭疽病菌拮抗作用不明显,其它内生真菌对两种植物病原菌无拮抗作用或不明显.