Suppression of Verticillium Wilt in Eggplant by Some Fungal Root Endophytes

One hundred and twenty-three fungal isolates were obtained from 225 root segments of eggplants, melon, tomato, strawberry and Chinese cabbage, grown as bait plants in a mixed soil made up of samples from different fields in Shizuoka, Japan. Isolates belonging to Mycelium radicis atrovirens (MRA), including Phialocephala fortinii, were the most prevalent in all the five bait plants. Eleven of the 123 isolates, after being inoculated onto axenically reared eggplant seedlings, almost completely suppressed the pathogenic effects of a post-inoculated, virulent strain of Verticillium dahliae. Seven of these 11 isolates had come from the roots of eggplant and included Heteroconium chaetospira, P. fortinii, and unidentified species of Fusarium, Penicillium, Trichoderma and MRA. P. fortinii, H. chaetospira, a non-sporulating isolate with white mycelium (SWM) and MRA were easily reisolated from root segments. Hyphae of H. chaetospira, P. fortinii and SWM colonized the root tissues of eggplant without causing apparent pathogenic symptoms. The mechanisms by which these endophytes confer resistance to infection by V. dahliae are unknown but the effectiveness of these fungi in a laboratory setting indicates that they have potential as biocontrol agents and merit further investigation.     

艾纳香内生真菌抗细菌和炭疽菌的活性研究

为获得丰富的艾纳香内生真菌资源,筛选出抗性生防菌株,用于活性次生代谢产物的发现,通过水琼脂法对海南产艾纳香进行内生真菌分离,通过ITS序列分析,对其进行鉴定和分析。采用滤纸片法评价内生真菌发酵产物对细菌的抑制活性,采用平板对峙培养法评价艾纳香内生真菌对植物炭疽菌的拮抗作用。本研究共分离鉴定出191株内生真菌,分属于27属,45种,其中优势菌属为Diaporthe、Paraphoma、Ectophoma、Penicillium、Talaromyces、Hypoxylon、Phomopsis、Colletotrichum和Fusarium。抗细菌活性结果显示,Clonostachys、Fusarium和Diapothe属活性较强。抗炭疽病菌试验显示,Talaromyces、Ectophoma和Penicillium属活性较强。本研究初步探讨了海南产艾纳香内生真菌种类的多样性,并首次对其进行了抗病原菌活性筛查,获得的活性菌株可作为微生物源菌剂开发的重要材料。     

石斛茎部内生真菌的分离与分布

采用70%酒精与0.1%升汞(HgCl2)相结合的表面消毒法,分离石斛茎部内生真菌。实验结果表明,升汞的消毒时间1~8 min均可,以5 min左右为宜。石斛茎部内生真菌主要分布于紧贴表皮的一小部分组织中。     

Fungal endophyte Phomopsis liquidambari B3 enriches the diversity of nodular culturable endophytic bacteria associated with continuous cropping of peanut

Previously, the application of the fungal endophyte Phomopsis liquidambari B3 exhibited notable effect in alleviating soil obstacles caused by continuous cropping of peanut. It was supposed that P. liquidambari B3 could enhance the efficiency of nodulation and nitrogen fixation by enriching the diversity of nodular endophytic bacteria under continous monocropping system. To verify this hypothesis, a pot experiment was conducted under natural conditions. Four treatments were set as follow: discontinuous cropping soil (NS), continuous cropping soil (CK), continuous cropping soil inoculate with actived P. liquidambari B3 (CSB3), and continuous cropping soil inoculate with sterilized P. liquidambari B3 (CSIB3). As a result, a total of 120 isolates were obtained. Our study clearly declared that the addition of fungal endophyte effectively enriched the genetic diversity and the community composition in CSB3. In contrast, a low genetic diversity level and simplex community structure were exhibited in CK and CSIB3. Meanwhile, the positive percentage rate and corresponding community composition of the plant growth-promoting isolates in NS and CSB3 were larger and more abundant than the other. This is the first time to describe the effects of fungal endophytes on the diversity of the nodular culturable endophytic bacteria associated with continuous cropping of peanut.     

碱蓬根际和内生细菌菌株对盐碱胁迫下苜蓿生长的影响

为研究碱蓬根际和内生细菌菌株对盐碱胁迫下苜蓿幼苗生长的影响,试验以龙牧801紫花苜蓿为供试品种,将前期从碱蓬根内(JG1)、根际土壤(JT4)和茎内(JJ5)筛选出的具有较强耐盐碱胁迫能力的根际及内生细菌菌株接种于苜蓿幼苗根部。接菌1周后将中性盐(NaCl、Na₂SO₄)和碱性盐(NaHCO₃、Na₂CO₃)按NaCl∶Na₂SO₄∶NaHCO₃∶Na₂CO₃=9∶1∶1∶9混合,并设置0、100、150、200 mmol·L^-1盐碱浓度溶液浇灌苜蓿幼苗根部,进行盐碱胁迫处理。分析盐碱胁迫下碱蓬根际及内生细菌菌株对苜蓿生长及生理的影响,并通过隶属函数和主成分分析综合评价碱蓬根际和内生细菌菌株对盐碱胁迫下苜蓿生长的影响。结果表明:3株促生细菌均能缓解盐碱胁迫对紫花苜蓿生长的抑制作用,促进紫花苜蓿生长,不同促生细菌对盐碱胁迫下苜蓿促生效果为JT4>...     

基于高通量测序技术分析石蝉草内生细菌多样性

以石蝉草根、茎、叶为材料,采用Illumina Mi Seq高通量测序技术研究石蝉草内生细菌多样性。结果表明,根、茎、叶样品共测得167个OTUs,归属于11个门,分别为变形菌门、Ignavibacteriae、芽单胞菌门、梭杆菌门、厚壁菌门、异常球菌-栖热菌门、绿弯菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门和酸杆菌门,各样品的菌群组成和多样性虽有差异,但以变形菌门为优势菌群,约占62.48%~93.24%。在各样品菌群丰度最高的10个OTUs中,叶部优势群落芽孢杆菌属、根部特有群落粘球菌目与石蝉草中具有抗炎、抗肿瘤活性的物质存在潜在相关性。     

几种水稻联合固氮菌吸氢酶(hup)基因的鉴定及分析

供试菌株Alcaligenes faecalis A15,Enterobacter cloacae EnSs.E·cl-oacae E26,Klebsiella planticola DWUL2.K·oxytoca NG13和Pseudomonassacharophila均能还原2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC),说明它们含有吸氢酶。以Rhizobium japonicum的hup基因为探针进行杂交的结果表明。除E·oloacae E26和K·oxytoca NG13外,其它菌株的DNA与hup探针具有同源性。A·faecalis A15 hup基因位于染色体上‘E·cloacae EnSs则位于较大的一个质粒上。A·faecalis A15和E·Cloacae EnSs的nif基因与hup基因位于同一复制子上。hup基因不具必然的保守性,因此异源hup基因探针不一定都适宜于探测hup基因。     

番茄内生链霉菌S5的分离及其除草活性

采用植物内生放线菌分离方法从健康番茄（Lycopersicon esculentum）根中分离纯化出58株内生放线菌，从中挑选部分代表性菌株进行代谢产物除草活性检测，发现编号为S5的菌株的代谢产物对小麦（Triticum aesfivum L．）和绿豆（Phaseolus radiatus L．）种子的发芽有强烈的抑制作用，但对发芽后的幼苗生长无明显影响。以百喜草（Paspalum notatum）和狗牙根（Cynodon dactylon）为实验对象，证明S5菌株的代谢产物的确能抑制草籽的发芽，该活性具有潜在的除草效能。经初步鉴定，S5菌株为淡紫灰链霉菌淡青变种（Streptomyces lavendulaevar．glaucescens）。发酵条件实验结果表明，S5菌株在1％葡萄糖和0．3％牛肉膏的S培养基中，以2％接种量在pH7．0和25℃摇床培养，可得到最强的抑制种子发芽的生物活性。     

辣木内生真菌的分离及其抗菌活性物质的初步研究

从辣木中分离得到1株内生真菌ly14,其发酵液对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌和掷孢酵母有很强的抗菌作用．该菌发酵液中的抗菌物质对温度、pH及紫外线照射有较强的稳定性;ly14代谢物的理化特性表明,抗菌物质为极性酸性化合物,其紫外可见吸收光谱在276nm处出现了一个较为明显的吸收峰．