4℃平衡时间对PCK细胞低温保存的影响(英文)

主要阐述了在以二甲亚砜为抗冻剂,不同的4℃平衡时间对PCK细胞低温保存的影响。把第24代PCK细胞悬浮于含10％二甲亚砜(DMSO)的冻存保护液,置于4℃冰箱,按不同的时间间隔取出细胞,重新培养,用来研究不同的平衡时间对细胞的贴壁率及生长的影响。将19代PCK细胞,按40min、1h、2h三种不同的4℃平衡时间进行-700℃冻存,再以较低的细胞密度(2×10~4个/mL)复苏细胞,用以研究不同的平衡时间对细胞冻存的复苏率及形态学的影响。结果表明,较长时间放置在4℃,DMSO的毒副作用明显,不利于细胞的生长。同直接传代的细胞相比,放置24h以上明显影响细胞的贴壁率及单层形成时间。在PCK细胞的-70℃保存中,4℃下平衡40min,DMSO不能对细胞形成充分的保护,细胞碎片较多;平衡2h以上,DMSO有影响了细胞对低温伤害的抵御能力,同样不利于细胞的冻存;平衡1h,细胞复苏及生长情况最佳。     

Effect of allele combinations at Ppd-1 loci on durum wheat grain filling at contrasting latitudes

Flowering time is the most critical developmental stage in wheat, as it determines environmental conditions during grain filling. Thirty-five spring durum genotypes carrying all known allele variants at Ppd-1 loci were evaluated in fully irrigated field experiments for three years at latitudes of 41°N (Spain), 27°N (northern Mexico) and 19°N (southern Mexico). Relationships between weight of central grains of main spikes (W) and thermal time from flowering to maturity were described by a logistic equation. Differences in flowering time between the allele combination causing the earliest (GS100/Ppd-B1a) and the latest (Ppd-A1b/Ppd-B1a) flowering were 7, 20 and 18 days in Spain, northern Mexico and southern Mexico, respectively. Flowering delay drastically reduced the mean grain filling rate (R) and W at all sites. At autumn-sowing sites, an increase of 1°C in mean temperature during the first half of the grain filling period decreased W by 5.2 mg per grain. At these sites, W was strongly dependent on R. At the spring-sowing site (southern Mexico), W depended on both R and grain filling duration. Our results suggest that incorporating the allele combinations GS100/Ppd-B1a and GS105/Ppd-B1a (alleles conferring photoperiod insensitivity) in newly released varieties can reduce the negative effects of climate change on grain filling at the studied latitudes.     

河西灌区田间固定道保护性耕作下作物轮作模式效益评价

在甘肃河西走廊,通过田间试验结合入户调研的方式,运用综合评价的方法,对基于固定道保护性农业的7种轮作模式进行了分析。结果表明：小麦-加工型甜椒-玉米经济效益最好,净收益、产投比和单方水产值分别为1.52×10⁴元·hm^-2、2.00和5.39元·m^-3;小麦-啤酒大麦-小麦劳动生产率最高,达240.2元·人^-1·a^-1,社会效益在所有轮作模式中也相对最好;小麦-油葵-啤酒大麦区域水资源安全保障度、水分能量生产效率、热量利用率分别为1.83、2.07×10⁴ kJ·m^-3和66.12%,生态效益最好;综合效益相对较好的4种轮作模式分别为小麦-加工型甜椒-玉米、小麦-马铃薯-小麦、小 麦-玉米-玉米和小麦-针叶豌豆-小麦。兼顾考虑固定道保护性农业系统的稳定性维护,小麦-加工型甜椒-玉米、小麦-玉米-玉米和小麦-针叶豌豆-小麦三种轮作模式更适宜在固定道保护性农业技术体系中进行应用和推广。     

中蜂越夏及秋季繁殖试验

在贵州锦屏进行的中蜂越夏及秋繁试验表明，４框以上的群势越夏较为安全。越夏期间每框足蜂约需补喂白糖１．５公斤。越夏后，蜂群群势约下降１／３左右。蜂群在越夏期间飞逃的主要原因是缺蜜及巢虫危害。当地中蜂在秋季大流蜜初期发生分蜂，分蜂群势均为８框足蜂以上，７框左右不分群。为控制不同起繁群势的蜂群在秋季大流蜜初期正好繁殖到７框左右，不致因分蜂影响秋冬蜜的采集，应分期起步秋繁。根据本试验所建秋季起繁群势（ｘ）与达７框群势所需繁殖天数（ｙ）之间的回归直线方程推算，在起繁群势为１～５框蜂量时，最适的秋繁开始期，１框群为７月３１日，２框群８月１０日……蜂群的基础群势每增加一框，则秋繁开始期应相应推迟１０～１１天。     

中国玉米生育期变化及其影响因子研究

【目的】在全球气候变化背景下,分析中国玉米播种期和成熟期的变动情况以及气候资源变化特征。【方法】在收集整理全国2 414个县的玉米生育期数据的基础上,绘制了1970s和2000s中国玉米的播种期与收获期分布图;在整理全国618个气象站点1971-2010年气象资料的基础上,绘制了1970s时段和2000s时段中国年均温度、降雨和太阳辐射量空间分布图。以农业种植一级区为基本单位,建立不同区域农业气候资源变化与玉米生育期变化的回归方程,并将PRECIS模型中B2情景数据代入方程组预测2030s中国玉米的生育期。【结果】与1970s时段相比,2000s时段东北大豆春麦甜菜区的玉米播种期基本保持不变;其它各农业种植一级区的玉米播种期均提前约1-15 d;除东北大豆春麦甜菜区和北部高原小杂粮甜菜区春玉米的成熟期平均推迟了11 d和3 d,2000s时段其它玉米种植区域的成熟期平均提前3-12 d。2000s时段云贵高原稻玉米烟草区的玉米生育期缩短约5 d,黄淮海棉麦油烟果区、华南双季稻热带作物甘蔗区和西北绿洲麦棉甜菜葡萄区的玉米生育期基本保持不变;其它各区域玉米生育期均有所延长。与2000s时段相比,B2情景下,2030s东北大豆春麦甜菜区的春玉米播种期将推迟2-5 d,其它各农业种植一级区的玉米播种期将提前2-19 d;东北大豆春麦甜菜区、北部高原小杂粮甜菜区和华南双季稻热带作物甘蔗区的玉米成熟期将推迟4-15 d,黄淮海棉麦油烟果区、长江中下游稻棉油桑茶区、川陕盆地稻玉米薯类柑橘桑区和云贵高原稻玉米烟草区的玉米成熟期将提前2-12 d,南方丘陵双季稻茶柑橘区和西北绿洲麦棉甜菜葡萄区的玉米成熟期则基本保持不变。2030s时段黄淮海棉麦油烟果区和云贵高原稻玉米烟草区的玉米生育期则将缩短3-6 d,其它区域的玉米生育期将延长2-15 d。【结论】中国气候正朝着增温、变干和低辐射的方向发展。受温度、降雨和太阳辐射量变化的影响,中国不同农业种植区域内玉米生育期变动明显,其中除东北大豆春麦甜菜区外玉米播种期以提前为主,玉米成熟期的变动则较为复杂,玉米的生育期则以延长为主。     

山羊高床舍饲配套饲养技术探讨

山羊高床舍饲技术通过修建标准化山羊圈舍，实现山羊饲养过程中对山羊个体的有效控制和辅助，降低饲养劳动量和劳动强度；通过带动种草养羊、养羊与沼气结合，在实现山羊饲养的同时，促进了退耕还草、封山育林等生态建设项目的实施。     

土壤水流通量对饱水带溶质运移参数的影响

The transport processes of solutes in two soil columns filled with undistrubed soil material collected from an unsaturated sandy aquifer formation in Belgium subjected to a variable upper boundary condition were identified from breakthrough curves measured by means of time domain reflectometry(TDR),Solute breakthrough was measured with 3 TDR probes inserted into each soil column at three different depths at a 10 minutes time interval.In addition,soil water content and pressure head were measured at 3 different depths.Analyteical solute transport models were used to estimate the solute disperison coefficient and average pore-water velocity from the observed breakthrough curves,the results showed that the analytical solutions were suitable in fitting the observed solute transport,The dispersion coefficient was found to be a function of the soil depth and average proe-water velocity,imposed by the soil water flux.the mobile moistrue content on the other hand was not correlated with the average pore-water velocity and the dispersion coefficient.     

油菜开花进程与菌核病防治适期的关系

４月上、中旬油菜开花率达１０％～３０％,即一次分枝开花株率５０％～１００％时,花瓣保湿培养带菌率最高,是菌核病病菌侵染花瓣的主要时期,也是药剂防治的关键时期。试验表明：油菜菌核病防治最佳适期为主茎开花株率８０％～１００％至一次分枝开花株率９５％～１００％,用克菌灵２２５０ｇ／ｈｍ２防治一次,防病效果达７０％以上,保产效果达５０％左右,第一次适期用药后,隔５～７ｄ再用药一次,能将菌核病的危害损失控制在最低限度。     

出雏时间与雏鸡性别比例关系的研究

以尼克红商品蛋鸡鸡胚和出壳雏鸡为材料 ,分析了不同出雏时间雏鸡性比例的变化 ,旨在探讨出雏时间与雏鸡性别的关系及鸡胚在孵化期不同性别生长发育的规律 ,为精细调控孵化条件和制定鸡苗销售计划提供依据。结果表明 ,不同时间出壳的雏鸡 ,性比例存在明显差异 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1 ) ,并呈现出明显的规律性。在 2 0 d 1 2 h之前出壳的母雏比公雏多 ,2 0 d时母雏比例最高 (公母性比值为 0 .2 68± 0 .0 54) ;其后公雏比例增加 ,到 2 1 d时公雏比例最高 (公母性比值为 2 .1 84± 0 .0 90 ) ;此后 ,母雏比例又逐渐增加。到 2 1 d1 6h时公母比例降低到 1 .453± 0 .0 99;但接近出雏结束时 ,公雏比例又有所回升 ,至出雏结束时 ,公母比例上升为 1 .75± 0 .0 57     

The possibility of application of agglomerate elastomers (EPP) as media for biological bed in aquaculture

The aim of the study was to determine the possibility of experimental media (agglomerate elastomers EPP) application as biological media bed, which serves the purpose of water purification in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). RAS enables mass‐production of fish in small volume of water in a limited area. This involves the possibility of multiple usage of water during culture. However, for that purpose of maintaining proper physico‐chemical parameters, water purification from products of metabolism, especially toxic nitrogen compounds, is required. One of the simplest and most effective ways to achieve it is combining application of two types of water filtration: mechanical and biological. It is needed to study new media for biological bed with proper filling is able to purify water from toxic nitrogen compounds.