《兽医临床诊断学》教学改革效果分析

对近3年<兽医临床诊断学>教学改革的效果进行了分析,具体包括教学方法改革效果、实践教学改革效果、考核方式改革效果以及其他方面的改革效果,旨在为兽医临床诊断学及其他课程教学提供有益参考.     

基于CDIO的应用型本科实践教学模式改革与应用——以家畜环境卫生学课程为例

针对应用型本科实践教学中存在的教学内容与人才培养目标匹配度不高、专业特点反映不足、教学手段单一、考核方式重结果轻过程等问题,以家畜环境卫生学为例,引进CDIO教育理念,面向现代畜牧业生产实际,满足应用型本科动物科学专业要求,充实和改革课程实践教学内容,构建学生全程参与实验教学模式,完善基于实验构思、设计、运作及目标实现的全方位、全过程评价体系与考核方法,为培养畜牧生产类应用型人才打好基础,同时也为其他课程建设及同类高校课程实践教学模式改革建设提供借鉴。     

Vascular ultrasonographic findings in canine patients with clinically diagnosed phlebitis

Peripheral vein phlebitis (inflammation) is a relatively frequent complication in dogs, however, published information on the ultrasonographic characteristics is currently lacking. This prospective, observational study describes the ultrasound (US) characteristics of normal canine cephalic veins, and veins with clinical phlebitis. Correlations among US findings and between US findings versus time that the intravenous catheter was in place were investigated. Safety of the US procedure was evaluated. Fifty patients were prospectively recruited for the study and 18 met the final inclusion criteria. Each patient underwent daily US examinations and was assessed for multiple criteria (vascular wall appearance, compressibility, spontaneity of flow, color fill, and presence/absence of filling defects, flow contour, direction, non‐pulsatility). Characteristics of normal canine cephalic veins were as follows: smooth and thin wall, complete compressibility, no flow disturbances, no filling defects, smooth flow contours, and unidirectional, non‐pulsatile flow with no turbulence. Characteristics of cephalic veins with clinical phlebitis were as follows: wall thickening (83%), decreased compressibility (55%), filling defects consistent with intraluminal thrombus (55%), vessel wall hyperechogenicity (44%), and abnormal color Doppler flow (39%). Significant correlations were found between Doppler filling defects and compressibility, Doppler filling defects and presumed thrombosis, and compressibility and presumed thrombosis (P = .001, P = .001, P = .000, respectively). No correlation was found between the US findings and time the intravenous catheter was in place. Findings indicated that duplex and compressibility US are feasible and safe methods for characterizing and monitoring cephalic veins in dogs with clinical phlebitis.     

植保无人飞机不同施药模式对Y形梨树雾滴沉积分布研究

为了研究油动单旋翼植保无人飞机采用“行间飞”和“Y间飞”2种飞行施药模式对Y形梨园进行喷雾作业后雾滴在Y形梨树冠层中的沉积分布规律,以30 g/L的诱惑红85水溶液为喷雾剂,铜版纸为雾滴收集卡,设计了4种不同作业速度梯度对Y形梨树喷雾效果试验,研究对比了不同飞行速度条件下2种飞行施药模式的雾滴沉积分布情况。试验结果表明：采用“行间飞”飞行施药模式喷雾时,雾滴在Y形梨树主枝外部的沉积密度高于在内部的沉积密度雾滴,且飞行速度为2 m/s和3 m/s时的沉积密度比飞行速度为4 m/s和5 m/s的沉积密度显著偏高。“Y间飞”飞行施药模式下雾滴在Y形梨树冠层不同位置的雾滴沉积分布更均匀。在风速小于1.3 m/s的微风条件下,当使用油动单旋翼植保无人飞机以距离Y形梨树冠层顶部2 m的高度喷雾作业时,应当采用“Y间飞”飞行施药模式,同时飞行速度以2?3 m/s为宜,此时雾滴的沉积密度在冠层内部和外部均大于15个/cm2。研究结果可以为使用植保无人飞机防控梨园病虫害提供喷雾技术依据。     

草业科学专业本科生“科研助理”培养模式探索——以甘肃农业大学为例

人才培养是高校的根本使命,新时期不断创新办学理念,探索新型培养模式,对全面实施素质教育,提高教育质量至关重要。根据甘肃农业大学本科生"科研助理"培养模式,结合草业科学专业的特点,分析了"科研助理"培养模式及其宗旨,介绍了几种"科研助理"培养模式的常用方法,阐述了各种方法的优缺点和应用情况,还就其运行机制和实施情况等进行了说明,最后探讨了存在的一些问题及其保障措施。旨在加强本科生"科研助理"培养模式的培养效果,为高校草业科学专业与其他专业人才培养提供参考。     

Sebaceous adenitis in the Akita: clinical observations, histopathology and heredity

Ninety-seven pure-bred Akitas were examined clinically and histologically for sebaceous adenitis. The diagnosis was established histologically in 23 Akitas by demonstrating an inflammatory reaction targeted against the sebaceous glands or a reduction in the number of glands. The clinical course of sebaceous adenitis in the Akita was similar to that seen in other breeds. The first skin lesions occurred mainly on the dorsal midline and ears. Compared with the Poodle, the age at first onset of the disease was more variable and the hair loss affected mainly the undercoat. The progression of sebaceous gland destruction varied between dogs and was not seen in all cases. Because bud-like sebaceous gland proliferation could be identified, it seems that regeneration of the sebaceous glands may occur. An autosomal recessive inheritance appears to be possible. Apart from a genetic background, immune-mediated factors possibly influence the onset and course of sebaceous adenitis.     

石墨烯膜不同加温方式对设施高架基质草莓生长结果的影响

为探究石墨烯电热膜不同加温方式对草莓生长和结果的影响,本文以红颜草莓为试材,采用草莓顶部、基质表面和根系周边组合的7种加温方式,以电热线加温为对照,研究了不同石墨烯加温方式对设施高架基质草莓植株、叶片、果实和根系等相关性状的影响。结果表明：石墨烯膜放置草莓根系附近;石墨烯膜放置于根系附近和顶部20cm处组合;石墨烯膜放置于根系附近、基质表面和植株顶部20cm处组合在各个性状表现均优于其他处理,但石墨烯膜放置于根系附近和顶部20cm处组合;石墨烯膜放置于根系附近、基质表面和植株顶部20cm处组合耗电量相对较高,石墨烯膜放置草莓根系附近处理耗电量相对较低,可以作为石墨烯的加温方式进行推广应用。     

谐波小波包自适应分解在故障诊断中的应用

将谐波小波包与匹配追踪方法相结合,提出了谐波小波包自适应分解的新方法。根据信号特征自适应选择谐波小波包字典内的时频原子,可以将非平稳振动信号既不交叠又无遗漏地分解到相互独立的频带上去,算法实现简单,频率分辨率好。通过仿真算例将该法与小波包变换、小波包追踪结果相比较,验证了该方法时频定位性好的优越性。将该方法应用于轴承和转子的故障诊断,结果表明,故障特征提取是有效的。     

次生盐化对溪流底栖分解者和凋落物分解的影响

次生盐化是人类活动引起的淡水水体盐度异常增高的现象。目前,次生盐化已经由干旱区的局域环境问题,蔓延成为全球性生态问题,严重威胁淡水生态系统生物多样性、生态系统功能和生态系统服务。然而,次生盐化对溪流生态系统的效应尚不清晰,本研究以分解者亚系统结构和功能为切入点,解析次生盐化对溪流分解者群落和凋落物分解过程的影响,以期为河溪生态系统保护、管理、修复提供理论依据。已有研究表明,在盐化溪流中,（1）细菌群落和真菌群落对盐化过程的响应模式存在显著不同,相应作用路径对凋落物分解过程变化的调控能力也不同,真菌响应更为复杂;（2）盐化可通过致死效应和亚致死效应对底栖动物群落产生显著影响,撕食者通常对盐度敏感,盐化作用下底栖撕食者变化对凋落物分解过程的影响非常重要;（3）凋落物分解速率普遍降低,但凋落物分解过程与水体盐化特征和模式之间的关系尚未确定。后续的研究重点应包括溪流盐化时空动态的生态效应研究、凋落物分解的元素释放动态等过程参数监测、溪流次生盐化与其他因素（全球变化、富营养化、新兴污染物等）的交互作用研究等