胡萝卜愈伤组织诱导培养的研究

以胡萝卜"七寸人参"为试材,探讨了不同外植体、激素、培养基、光照对胡萝卜愈伤组织诱导的影响。结果表明:胡萝卜愈伤组织的诱导以下胚轴为外植体为宜;在添加2,4-D1.0mg/L和KT 0.5mg/L的MS培养基上愈伤组织的诱导频率为100%,且愈伤组织生长良好,增殖快速;光照对愈伤组织的诱导没有影响,但却进一步阻碍了愈伤组织的增殖生长。     

长叶松优良家系的体胚发生研究

以长叶松优良家系20-820、20-803、20-822、20-805、20-825不同采收期的大配子体为外植体,选用针叶树体细胞胚胎发生专利培养基AL、TX、LP、DS分别与AL、TX、LP培养基激素组合及无激素组合形成16种体胚诱导培养基,开展家系、专利基本培养基、球果采收期对长叶松体细胞胚胎发生率影响的研究。结果表明:诱导体胚最理想的球果采收期为7月16日和24日,即合子胚发育第1、2阶段,参试的5个家系间的胚性胚柄细胞团(ESM)诱导率不存在显著差异,基本培养基、激素组合2因素对ESM诱导率有极显著影响,LP基本培养基与TX激素组合最适宜诱导长叶松体胚,其体胚诱导率为28%。     

Optimization of mature embryo-based high frequency callus induction and plant regeneration from elite wheat cultivars grown in China

We have developed an efficient procedure for plant regeneration of elite wheat cultivars using mature embryos. Firstly, we established the optimal combination of basal media, inoculation method and pretreatment method using biostatistical methods. The results indicated that the combination of MS medium and longitudinally bisected mature embryos showed the highest culture efficiency, whereas the pretreatment method had no significant effects on callus induction or plant regeneration. A 70% primary callus induction rate was achieved on MS medium containing 2 mg/l 2,4‐d for all tested cultivars. Primary calli were then transferred onto the subculture medium to initiate embryogenic calli. Supplementation of the subculture medium with the appropriate combination of phytohormones (2.0 mg/l 2,4‐d , 0.5 mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l NAA) significantly enhanced embryogenic callus production. The addition of AgNO₃ (10 mg/l) in regeneration medium promoted plant regeneration, whereas CuSO₄ stimulated root formation. The use of this protocol achieved successful plant regeneration in eight tested cultivars. The culture efficiency ranged from 15.3% to 36.8%, suggesting this regeneration system may be an effective alternative for wheat genetic transformation.     

真菌诱导子对龙眼胚性愈伤组织中类黄酮、类胡萝卜素和单宁含量的影响

为探讨真菌诱导子与龙眼胚性愈伤组织中类黄酮、类胡萝卜素和单宁含量的相关性,以龙眼胚性愈伤组织细胞为材料,研究真菌诱导子种类、浓度及处理天数对龙眼愈伤组织细胞中类黄酮、类胡萝卜素和单宁含量的影响。结果表明：在固体培养基中加入 100 mg/L 拟茎点霉菌诱导子培养 35 d 时,最有利于类黄酮含量的积累,含量高达 8.58 mg/g;拟茎点霉菌诱导子浓度为 50 mg/L 时培养 35 d,最有利于类胡萝卜素含量的积累,其含量为36.83 μg/g;胶孢镰刀菌诱导子浓度为 50 mg/L 时的培养基中培养 35 d,最有利于单宁含量的积累,其含量为10.50 mg/g。液体悬浮培养条件下,胶孢镰刀菌诱导子浓度为 400 mg/L 的培养基中培养 7 d,最有利于类黄酮含量的积累,其含量为 6.29 mg/g;尖孢镰刀菌诱导子浓度为 200 mg/L 的培养基中培养 7 d,最有利于类胡萝卜素含量的积累,其含量为 49.21 μg/g;胶孢镰刀菌诱导子浓度为 400 mg/L 的培养基中培养 7 d,最有利于单宁含量的积累,其含量为 13.15 mg/g。本研究为将来龙眼胚性愈伤组织细胞工厂化生产类黄酮、类胡萝卜素和单宁等次生代谢物质奠定理论基础并提供技术指导。     

油松胚性愈伤组织培养中褐化因素研究及增殖培养基的优化

【目的】调查油松Pinus tabulaeformis胚性愈伤组织增殖培养阶段不同因素对于褐化产生的影响,并结合增殖率对培养基进行调整优化以降低褐化率,提高利用率。【方法】以3个年份的9个细胞系的油松胚性愈伤组织为材料,利用单因素试验设计对放置不同数量愈伤块、pH、植物凝胶含量、糖种类和含量以及培养时间的褐化率和增殖率进行测定计算。采用正交试验选出最佳培养条件。【结果】单因素试验结果表明,褐化率在不同基因型间差异显著,且与增殖继代年龄显著正相关;在培养皿中放置6~7块愈伤组织、pH 5.8~6.0、培养基中添加2.0~3.0 g·L~(-1)植物凝胶、添加10 g·L~(-1)蔗糖能保证较低的褐化率和较高的增殖率,且蔗糖优于葡萄糖和麦芽糖。【结论】结合正交设计,90 mm培养皿中放置7块愈伤组织,培养基中添加2.5 g·L~(-1)植物凝胶、10 g·L~(-1)蔗糖,调节pH为5.9时,褐化率、增殖率和利用率最理想。     

玉米自交系幼胚愈伤组织的诱导、分化及再生

取不同基因型的玉米自交系幼胚接种在诱导培养基上,结果表明：玉米幼胚愈伤组织的形成能力因其基因型的不同而呈显著差异,同时,愈伤组织的形成还与植物激素配比有关。其中,2,4-D是最重要的因素,适合的2,4-D浓度有利于愈伤组织的诱导。目前已经成功建立了部分玉米自交系幼胚的再生体系。     

真菌诱导子对龙眼胚性愈伤组织生长和多糖积累的影响

为探讨真菌诱导子对龙眼胚性愈伤组织生长及多糖含量的影响。以龙眼胚性愈伤组织为材料,采用单因素分析法探究了真菌诱导子种类、诱导时间和浓度对龙眼胚性愈伤组织生长和多糖积累的影响。结果表明,不同真菌诱导子处理下龙眼胚性愈伤组织中多糖含量由高到低排序分别为:龙眼拟茎点霉胶孢镰刀菌尖孢镰刀菌;采用100 mg/L浓度的龙眼拟茎点霉诱导子诱导15 d,龙眼胚性愈伤组织多糖含量最高,比对照提高了61.34%,且不同处理间存在显著差异。但真菌诱导子处理下龙眼胚性愈伤组织生长状态较差,且增殖率显著下降。龙眼拟茎点霉作为龙眼病原内生菌,其活性诱导物能促进龙眼胚性愈伤组织中多糖积累,从而一定程度上提高植物的免疫防御能力。研究结果为探究真菌诱导子对龙眼多糖合成和代谢机理的研究奠定基础。     

Nucleotide polymorphism in the carrot late embryogenesis abundant gene DC8/ECP63

Carrot (Daucus carota) somatic embryogenesis has been extensively used as an experimental system for studying embryogenesis. In several plant species, late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) genes are reported as the embryogenesis-related genes that are specifically expressed in embryonic tissues. Several LEA genes have been isolated for carrot somatic embryogenesis. The carrot LEA genes DC8 and ECP63 have very similar nucleotide sequences, and the gene pair is likely to be a nucleotide polymorphism. In several carrot cultivars, plants in which only DC8 was detected (DD genotype), only ECP63 was detected (EE genotype), and both DC8 and ECP63 were detected (DE genotype) have been observed via genomic PCR. Furthermore, distinct frequencies of the genotypes were observed in some carrot cultivars. These results suggested that detection of the nucleotide polymorphism might be useful in defining carrot cultivars. In addition, DC8 and ECP63, which include 14 amino acid insertions/deletions and 21 amino acid substitutions, may have similar effects on somatic embryogenesis, as all genotypes (DD, DE, and EE) were detected in some embryogenic cell lines. Therefore, the nucleotide polymorphism may be a useful candidate polymorphic marker that is easily detectable by PCR.     

结缕草种子愈伤组织诱导及植株再生研究

以结缕草成熟种子为外植体,研究了不同的种子处理方法和基本培养基、生长调节剂与壳聚糖的添加量对愈伤组织诱导的影响,以及愈伤组织的继代次数对植株分化的影响。结果表明:剥去外壳、划破种皮的结缕草种子在N6培养基中,2,4-D浓度为4 mg/L,添加4 g/L壳聚糖时,出愈率最高,达到100%,胚性愈伤的发生率也达到最高,为84.4%;用含0.1 mg/L 2,4-D的1/2MS分化培养基,经1次继代的浅黄色稍致密愈伤组织分化率最高,达到81.7%。     

龙眼14-3-3基因及其启动子的克隆以及在体胚发生过程中的表达分析

分离克隆龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)胚性愈伤组织14-3-3基因,并分析该基因在龙眼体胚发生过程中的表达情况。采用RT-PCR结合RACE法,获得龙眼胚性愈伤组织14-3-3基因的cDNA全长序列和DNA序列,采用TAIL-PCR法,获得龙眼胚性愈伤组织14-3-3基因的启动子DNA序列,运用生物信息学方法对序列进行分析,并通过实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)研究该基因在龙眼体胚发生过程中的表达。结果表明:经克隆得到龙眼胚性愈伤组织14-3-3基因786 bp的cDNA全长序列(GenBank检索号为GU573765),该cDNA开放阅读框推定的氨基酸序列(含261个氨基酸)与其它植物14-3-3具有较高同源性;该基因的DNA序列(GenBank检索号为GU573766)长为1 859 bp,包含3个内含子,内含子的剪切位点均符合真核生物"GT-AG"规则;该基因的启动子DNA序列(GenBank检索号为GU573766)长为910 bp;该基因在龙眼体胚各阶段均有表达,其中在松散型胚性愈伤组织阶段和心形胚及鱼雷形胚阶段呈现高表达,整个变化趋势呈"倒S"状。