姜黄愈伤组织再生体系的建立

以姜黄无菌芽的芽基为外植体,进行愈伤组织的诱导和无菌苗再生的研究。结果表明:在MS培养基中添加2,4-D或2,4-D与6-BA的激素组合能够诱导外植体的切口部位产生愈伤组织,但愈伤生长缓慢;在2,4-D和6-BA的激素组合中再加入TDZ,愈伤组织能够不断增殖生长:在MS+0.5mg/L TDZ+0.5mg/L BA+0.3mg/L 2,4-D培养基中,愈伤的诱导率和生长量最高,诱导率达到80%,每个月愈伤生长量为148.6mg;愈伤组织再分化出芽的适宜培养基为MS+0.5mg/L TDZ+2.0mg/L BA+0.2mg/L NAA,再分化率为90%,外植体的平均出芽数为5.1。当试管苗长至5cm时出瓶移栽,成活率可达90%以上。     

粉色马蹄莲组织培养研究

以粉色马蹄莲块茎芽、叶和植株为外植体,MS为基本培养基,在加NAA0.2mg/L+BA1～3mg/L时,有利于丛芽和愈伤组织的诱导。在加NAA0.2～0.5mg/L+BA0.5～1mg/L时,既有利于不定丛芽的分化诱导,又利于不定芽的生长。在BA为0.2mg/L时,有利于不定芽的生长,但对愈伤组织及不定芽的诱导不利,增殖系数低。高浓度BA有利于愈伤组织和芽的分化,低浓度则对芽的生长有利。外植体叶和植株在各处理中无显著差异,特别是生长后期。叶组织在培养中大部分死亡,只有极少部分产生愈伤组织。植株在培养过程中叶片逐渐变黄、枯死。     

日本臭菘体细胞胚胎发生及植株再生体系的建立

以日本臭菘幼叶为外植体,应用均匀设计法筛选其最适合的胚性愈伤组织及胚性细胞复合体诱导、体细胞胚胎发育及植株再生的培养基配方,建立日本臭菘体细胞胚胎发生体系。结果表明,LS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+2,4-D 2.0 mg/L+IAA 0.1 mg/L适宜日本臭菘幼叶胚性愈伤组织及胚性细胞复合体诱导,诱导率为98%;LS+6-BA 0.50 mg/L+NAA 0.10 mg/L+IAA 0.10 mg/L最适宜体胚发育及植株再生,体胚萌发率为100%,萌发的体胚在发育培养基上继续培养42 d后全部发育成完整植株。对不同阶段培养材料的形态结构及超微结构的观察证明,成功建立了日本臭菘体细胞发生及植株再生体系。     

糯玉米离体培养获取耐盐变异体

为了获取糯玉米耐盐变异体,以120mg/L的平阳霉素预处理糯玉米自交系（S1、S2）种子20h,萌发后用茎尖诱导胚性愈伤组织,比较了激素组合对胚性愈伤组织诱导、继代和分化的影响。结果表明2, 4-D 2.0mg/L和6-BA 0.25mg/L组合诱导胚性愈伤的效果最好;在添加100mg/L CH、6-BA 0.25mg/L和2, 4-D 2.0mg/L的继代培养基上愈伤组织生长良好。将胚性愈伤组织依次在含NaCl 10g/L、15g/L和20g/L培养基中进行筛选,获得耐盐变异体,转入分化培养基中诱导再生植株,自交1代种子在含NaCl 15g/L、20g/L的培养基上萌发率较对照种子高数倍,在20g/L NaCl的胁迫下,变异体自交1代种子幼苗叶片中脯氨酸含量及K+ / Na+比例明显高于对照。     

黄独胚性愈伤组织冻后黑暗培养及其再生植株半薄切片观察

以黄独胚性愈伤组织为材料,对黄独胚性愈伤组织冻后黑暗培养的时间进行探讨,并对冻后黑暗培养胚性愈伤组织的显微结构及其再生植株进行半薄切片观察。结果表明,包埋玻璃化法超低温保存后,黑暗培养1~5 d,黄独胚性愈伤组织的冻后成活率随着时间的延长而增加,超过5 d,成活率显著下降。半薄切片观察结果表明,冻后黄独胚性愈伤组织直接置于光周期下培养,会造成细胞排列疏松,局部出现较大的细胞空隙;而经黑暗培养后再置于光周期下培养,细胞排列较为紧密,细胞空隙较小。经半薄切片观察,黄独冻后黑暗培养胚性愈伤组织再生植株与常温继代再生植株相比较,根、茎、叶结构无显著差异,叶肉细胞的平均叶绿体数量也无显著差异。因此,冻后黑暗培养一定程度上保证了胚性愈伤组织细胞结构的完整性,且其再生植株无形态学变异。     

Elimination of Citrus psorosis virus by somatic embryogenesis from stigma and style cultures

Somatic embryogenesis was used to eliminate Citrus psorosis virus (CPsV) from three citrus species (common mandarin, sweet orange and Dweet tangor), all of which regenerated somatic embryos with different embryogenic potential from stigma and style explants. CPsV was detected by double antibody sandwich‐indirect‐enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (DASI-ELISA) in explants and embryogenic callus, but was not detected in any of the plants obtained from somatic embryos, even 24 months after regeneration. Loss of juvenile characters (disappearance of thorns) was observed in the first year of growth and was retained in plants propagated by grafting from thornless stems. Somatic embryogenesis appears to be a very promising technique for the production of healthy citrus stocks.     

高羊茅胚性愈伤组织的高效诱导及其耐盐突变体筛选

以高羊茅Fine-lawn种子和下胚轴为外植体,分别在诱导培养基D1、D3、D5和D9上培养.下胚轴愈伤组织的出愈率除了在D1培养基上为51.3%外,在其他诱导培养基上均为100%.在D5培养基上继代3个月左右,从下胚轴获得了胚性愈伤组织.取在NaCl浓度为0.5%～3.0%的培养基上生长13 d的高羊茅胚性愈伤组织,分别测定其存活率、相对生长量、鲜干重比和脯氨酸含量.利用直接筛选的方法,将胚性愈伤组织分别放在含1%, 2%和3% NaCl的选择培养基上连续筛选60 d,在1% NaCl浓度下获得了耐盐的胚性愈伤组织并且获得了再生植株.再生植株能够在含有1% NaCl的Hoagland培养液中生长.     

Efficient embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration from embryonic axis explants inQuercus acutissima

Embryogenic callus ofQuercus acutissima was successfully induced from embryogenic cultures, and plants were regenerated from the callus. The development of the techniques involved will allow mass propagation and gene transformation in this species. Embryogenic cultures were formed from embryonic axis explants (i.e., embryos without cotyledons) excised from immature embryos, after culture on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing indolebutyric acid and benzyladenine. Attempts to induce embryogenic cultures from cotyledon explants were unsuccessful. Embryogenic calli were induced at high frequency from embryogenic cultures on MS medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. However, benzyladenine inhibited embryogenic callus formation. Somatic embryo development from embryogenic calli occurred on MS medium in all of the seven cell lines tested. Germination of somatic embryos was induced on half strength MS medium without plant growth regulators. Finally, acclimated plants growing in soil were obtained.     

落叶松胚性愈伤组织诱导培养基中激素的311-A最优回归设计筛选

采用311-A最优回归设计，对落叶松胚性细胞诱导中激素种类与浓度优化筛选，建立胚性愈伤组织量依2，4-D、BA、KT的多基本原则 式回归方程，分析了试验因子的主效应和互作效应，借助此方程获得了3因子的最佳配比组合以及最佳胚性愈伤组织发和亘，2，4-D为1.29mg.L^-1、BA为0.39mg.L^-1和KT为0.58mg.L^-1时，落叶松胚性愈伤组织的诱导量可达到13.9317mg.个^-1(外植体）。结果表明，这是一种简便、实用、科学的优化培养基的途径。     

香樟未成熟合子胚体胚发生及植株再生研究

以香樟的未成熟幼胚为外植体进行诱导体胚发生影响因素的研究.成功地从香樟幼胚中诱导出胚状体并获得再生植株,MS为基本培养基,蔗糖是最佳的碳源.经2年对初生胚的继代培养,获得胚性愈伤组织;胚性愈伤组织经体胚诱导、体胚成熟、体胚萌发3个过程的诱导后能够获得再生植株.