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11.
水稻土和湿地土壤有机碳测定的CNS元素分析仪法与湿消化容量法之比较 总被引:10,自引:3,他引:7
土壤固碳研究中需要精确的(有机)C计量,而常规的湿氧化法与CNS元素分析仪法测定结果的吻合性足C计量中的问题.国外对旱地土壤的研究表明,这两种方法的结果基本可以对比,但是否同样对于湿地土壤也适用还不清楚.采用CNS元素分析仪(仪器法)和重铬酸钾外加热湿氧化法(容量法)对20个水稻土样品,26个淡水湿地土壤样品和20个沿海湿地土壤样品进行了总有机C(TOC)的对比测定.结果表明,无论是土壤的表土样品还是剖面样品,仪器法测定结果约低于容量法10%以下.两种方法对淡水湿地土壤和水稻土的有机C含量的测定可以对比,但是重铬酸钾氧化容量法对于含氯化物较高的沿海湿地土壤有机C的测定可能不精确.CNS元素分析仪测定的精密度和准确度较高,可以用于各种湿地土壤的C计量. 相似文献
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Enzyme activities play an important role for the transformation of elements and compounds in soil and, thus, were extensively analyzed for more than 4 decades. The activity of any enzyme in soil may not only be controlled by active organisms. Substantial parts of ‘extracellular’ enzymes may be stabilized by abiotic soil components maintaining their activity. Methods to discriminate the source of enzyme activity were summarized with emphasis on the approach plotting enzyme activity versus a feature integrating the microbial biomass after the addition of glucose and nitrate. Considering the quotient between enzyme activity and microbial biomass content, protease activity will be discussed with reference to nitrogen transformation in soils. 相似文献
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Assessment of nickel's sufficiency critical levels in cultivated soils,employing commonly used calibration techniques
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Although Ni has been officially recognized as an essential micronutrient for all higher plants since 2004, research on assessing its sufficiency critical levels with different soil tests is missing in the literature. The objective of the study was to determine Ni critical levels in unpolluted cultivated soils utilizing four methods, employing three commonly used calibration techniques. Ten soils with different physical–chemical properties and low Ni content were treated with Ni at rates of 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg kg?1. After equilibration for one month, the soils were analyzed for extractable Ni by four methods, namely DTPA, AB‐DTPA, AAAc‐EDTA, and Mehlich‐3. Response to soil‐applied Ni was assessed by a greenhouse pot experiment, with the untreated and Ni‐treated soils in three replications, using ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The aboveground biomass of ryegrass was harvested two months after sowing, dry weight of biomass was measured and relative biomass yield was calculated. Nickel's critical levels were determined employing the: (a) graphical technique of Brown and co‐workers, (b) Mitscherlich–Bray equation, and (c) Cate and Nelson graphical technique. According to the first technique, Ni critical levels were ≈ 2 mg kg?1 for the DTPA and AB‐DTPA methods, and 6.0 and 5.3 mg kg?1 for the AAAc‐EDTA and Mehlich‐3 methods, respectively. Similar levels were obtained by the Mitscherlich–Bray equation. However, the critical levels assessed by the Cate and Nelson technique were lower and ranged from 0.5 to 1.3 mg kg?1 for all four methods. Conclusively, Ni sufficiency critical levels for all four methods are expected to range at levels of a few mg Ni kg?1 of soil. As far as the three calibration techniques are concerned, a distinct boundary between Ni response and non‐response was accomplished by none. However, the fact that 60–74% of the soils were correctly separated into responsive and non‐responsive to added Ni by the graphical technique of Brown and co‐workers suggests that this is the most suitable technique. 相似文献
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Avjinder S. Kaler Alan L. Wright John E. Erickson 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(19):2178-2188
High soil pH and excessive calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the Everglades Agricultural Area of south Florida reduce the availability of phosphorus and micronutrients to crops. Sulfur (S) amendment is recommended to reduce soil pH and enhance nutrient supply. The study’s objective was to determine the sulfur amendment effectiveness on soil pH and nutrient availability in organic soil as CaCO3 content increases in soil. An experiment of four S rates (0, 90,224, and 448 kg ha?1) and three added CaCO3 (0%, 12.5%, and 50% by volume) in organic soil was established. Sulfur application had limited effects on soil pH reduction as CaCO3 level increased and therefore failed to enhance nutrient availability; however, it increased sulfate concentration in soils, which could be at risk for export from the field. Unexpected increases in manganese concentration with added CaCO3 was associated with reducing conditions due to increased soil bulk density, which changed the soil physical properties. 相似文献
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M. Ângelo Rodrigues Sandra Afonso Isabel Q. Ferreira Margarida Arrobas 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(5):626-637
The adaptation of stevia to the growing conditions of NE Portugal is assessed, including the tolerance of this species to cold temperatures, and the potential to produce biomass when grown as an annual crop and when subjected to various nitrogen (N) rates and two harvesting regimes. Almost all the plants died during the winter of 2014 (minimum temperatures peaked at ?8.0°C), making it necessary to replant the crop the following spring. With the best cutting regime (double cut) and N rate (150 kg N ha?1), 1514.4 and 2390.0 kg ha?1 of dry leaves were produced, respectively, in 2014 and 2015. Leaf chlorophyll concentrations estimated by the SPAD (Soil and Plant Analysis Development)-502 chlorophyll meter and a NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) carried out by the Field Scout CM 1000 spectroradiometer showed significant differences among N rates, proving to be good indicators of plant N nutritional status. Based on the leaf analysis, provisional sufficiency ranges for N are proposed, namely 25–35 g kg?1 for mid-summer and 15–25 g kg?1 for early autumn. The fluorescence of chlorophyll a and the transient fluorescence intensity performed by the OS-30p+ fluorometer failed to show any stress induced by no-N control treatments in comparison to N-treated plants. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(19):2247-2263
An on-farm field experiment was conducted on an acidic soil to investigate the effects of combined use of lime and deficient nutrients on herbage yield of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Omitting lime and limiting nutrients led to elevated concentrations of aluminium (Al), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in alfalfa leaves and stems and caused severe reductions in herbage yield of alfalfa. Combined use of lime (2 t ha?1) and nutrients [phosphorus (P): 20 kg ha?1, sulfur (S): 20 kg ha?1, zinc (Zn): 4 kg ha?1, and boron (B): 2 kg ha?1] had the maximum increase in groundcover, root biomass, nodulation, leaf retention, leaf-to-stem ratio, herbage yield, crude protein, and nutrient composition of alfalfa. These beneficial effects were due to raised soil pH; improved calcium (Ca), P, S, Zn, and B nutrition; and reduced Al, Mn, and Fe toxicity. Aluminium and all the nutrients except copper (Cu) were more concentrated in alfalfa leaves than stems. Aluminum concentration was about three times greater in the lower leaves than in upper leaves. Lower leaves also had much greater concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, and B compared with upper leaves. In contrast, P and Zn concentrations were greater in the upper leaves than in lower leaves. Results suggest that the combined use of lime and all the limiting nutrients may realize potential beneficial effects of alfalfa on acidic soils where more than one essential nutrient is deficient. This may increase growth potential, nitrogen contributions, and groundcover by alfalfa and reduce soil erosion and runoff. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15):1919-1930
ABSTRACTDuring the 2017 and 2018 seasons, two field experiments were conducted on newly reclaimed saline calcareous soil (7.13 dS m?1, 16.9% CaCO3) in the experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Demo, Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. The current work aimed at identifying the potential positive effects of applied humic acid (HA) and elemental sulfur (S) on some soil properties and barley plant performance. The results showed that the application of HA and/or S at different rates ameliorated the adverse effects of saline calcareous soil conditions and significantly reduced some chemical properties of the soil (e.g., pH, ECe, and CaCO3%), while soil organic matter (OM%) and some nutrients (e.g., P, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn) contents were significantly increased. In addition, the contents of nutrients (e.g., P, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn) in barley plant and yielded grain, grain content of N and protein (%), and the performance (e.g., plant height, spike length, grain and straw yields, and weight of 1000-grain) of barley plant were significantly increased with the application of HA and/or S. The best results were obtained through the integrative application of 100 kg HA + 400 kg S ha?1 to the tested saline calcareous soil. Therefore, the integrative soil application of 100 kg HA + 400 kg S ha?1 can be recommended for the cultivation and sustainability of crop production in saline calcareous soil, in addition to rationalize the use of mineral fertilizers, which represent a surplus point for the sustainable agriculture system. 相似文献