Hydrogen peroxide produced by a low‐molecular‐weight compound in milk with high electrical conductivity in dairy cows

In dairy cows, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) produced from a low‐molecular‐weight compound in milk from inflamed quarters was lower than that in milk from un‐inflamed quarters. In milk of delivery grade, characteristics of H₂O₂ production in milk with high electrical conductivity (EC) were examined in this study. Milk samples were collected from a total of 230 cows at 1‐month intervals, and the EC of skimmed milk was determined. Based on the highest and the lowest EC of a cow's quarter milk, the inter‐quarter difference of ≥0.6 mS/cm (mean + t_0.01 SE) was taken as a high EC. Milk with high EC was found in 52 quarters. In cows with milk of high EC, H₂O₂ production in milk with normal EC was higher than that in milk with high EC in the same animal but was lower than that in the control population. In milk with high EC, the decrease of H₂O₂ production correlated with the increase in EC. The production of H₂O₂ decreased in particular when the inter‐quarter difference exceeded 0.8 mS/cm. In milk collected from the same quarter 1 month before, EC changed from normal to high, and H₂O₂ production decreased. In milk from the other three quarters, EC remained normal and H₂O₂ production remained unchanged. We concluded that milk with high EC appeared in low H₂O₂‐producing cows. The results suggest that the degree of decrease in H₂O₂ production reflects the extent of quarter abnormality.     

氮、磷添加对青藏高寒草甸土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征影响的Meta分析

为了解青藏高原高寒草甸土壤碳(Carbon,C)、氮(Nitrogen,N)、磷(Phosphorus,P)化学计量特征对氮、磷添加的响应,提高养分管理水平及草地生态系统的养分平衡。本研究严格筛选出21篇文章(612项数据)进行Meta分析,通过亚组分析分析了不同施肥方式(氮添加、磷添加、氮磷添加)、不同施肥强度(轻度、中度、重度)对青藏高原草地土壤C,N,P化学计量特征的影响。研究结果表明：养分添加显著增加了青藏高原草地土壤C,N,P含量;氮添加对土壤的增加效应随施肥强度增加而增加,磷轻度施肥(20g·m^-2以下)处理、氮磷添加轻度施肥处理下的土壤C,N,P含量及化学计量比增加效果最好。本研究结果总体反映出氮、磷添加对青藏高原高寒草甸土壤产生积极影响,研究结果可为青藏高原草地生态系统的保护提供科学依据。     

红曲霉对干酪成熟过程中理化性质、微观结构及风味物质的影响

以牛乳为原料,红曲霉为辅助发酵剂,制备霉菌成熟干酪,并对红曲霉干酪的理化性质、游离氨基酸、微观结构及挥发性风味物质进行研究。结果表明：使用红曲霉作为辅助发酵剂加工的干酪得率16.55%、蛋白质含量18.03%、脂肪含量33.40%、钙含量376.67 mg/100 g、水分含量44.47%、盐含量863.67 mg/100 g;在成熟过程中,pH值呈先下降后上升再逐渐稳定的趋势;由微观结构可知,红曲霉对成熟干酪内部结构影响显著;通过高效液相色谱法及气相色谱-质谱联用法,共鉴定出23 种游离氨基酸及32 种挥发性化合物,与对照组相比,在成熟期结束时,实验组干酪中的游离氨基酸含量显著提高,平均增加58.8 倍,挥发性化合物的种类与含量也存在显著变化。     

钾肥对紫花苜蓿根颈丙二醛、可溶性蛋白含量与抗氧化系统的影响

为探究钾肥种类及用量对苜蓿(Medicago sativa)抗寒性的影响,本研究以'北极熊'为供试紫花苜蓿品种,采用二因素随机区组试验设计,研究了秋季施用不同钾肥(硫酸钾和氯化钾)及不同施用量(0,50,100,150,200 kg·hm-2 K2 O)对越冬期苜蓿根颈在不同温度(4℃,—20℃)处理下抗氧化酶[过氧化...     

Effects of different types of dietary non-digestible carbohydrates on the physico-chemical properties and microbiota of proximal colon digesta of growing pigs

The effect of different types of fibre on the intestinal digesta and microbial diversity was evaluated in growing pigs. The animals were fed during forty-two days with one of four experimental diets including a control group, a diet enriched with resistant starch type I, by coarse ground corn, and other two diets containing sugar beet pulp (8%) and wheat bran (10%) (as sources of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharides respectively). Body weight (BW) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were assessed at day 7, 21 and 42. Luminal samples of digesta from proximal colon were collected to analyse water retention capacity (WRC), concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and the microbial diversity. Overall, animals fed with higher amounts of non-digestible carbohydrates had lower ADFI and BW. Sugar beet pulp provoked an increase of WRC, a higher concentration of SCFA, and a more stable microbial diversity throughout the experimental period. On the other hand, animals fed with wheat bran presented a lower bacterial diversity.     

松针粉的研究及应用进展

松针粉富含多种营养成分,并且具有一定的药用价值。文章对我国松针的资源概况、松针粉的营养价值、药效及在生产上的应用情况进行概述,并对松针粉未来的研究方向进行展望。     

植物蛋白对干酪凝乳特性的影响

研究3种植物蛋白对干酪凝乳特性的影响,从而选出1种最佳的植物蛋白.从3种干酪的凝乳特性(凝乳时间、凝乳强度、乳清OD值)和干酪凝块的质构特性(弹性、黏聚性、咀嚼性)2方面进行对比分析,并对干酪凝块的感官品质进行模糊评判.结果表明:添加豌豆蛋白制得的干酪品质优于其他两种.     

德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种优良菌株的筛选

以分离自传统发酵乳的55株德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种为研究对象,通过分析其发酵时间、后酸化、黏度、脱水收缩性和游离氨基酸态氮等发酵特性,最终得到3株可作为酸乳发酵剂用的德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种菌株,分别为IMAU80319、IMAU20422和IMAU20404.     

黄土高原带状植被土壤理化性质空间分异特征

为探究带状格局植被对土壤理化性质的影响及在空间上的差异,选取我国黄土高原柠条和山杏两种典型的带状植物篱为研究对象,并对其0~60 cm土层理化性质空间特征进行对比分析,结果表明,(1)柠条植物篱系统内各部位土壤容重、最大持水量、非毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度差异显著(P<0.05);山杏植物篱系统与梯田土壤毛管孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度差异显著(P<0.05);各部位间土壤水分物理性质因植物篱类型不同而分异明显。(2)两种带状植物篱系统土壤小团聚体(粒径0.25~2.00 mm)和微团聚体(粒径<0.25 mm)各部位分异显著(P<0.05),植物篱对粒径<2.00 mm的水稳性团聚体空间分异产生明显影响。(3)两种带状植物篱土壤砂粒(粒径0.05~2 mm)、粉粒(粒径0.002~0.05 mm)、粘粒(粒径<0.002 mm)含量差异均不显著(P>0.05),但植物篱能改变砂粒、粉粒、粘粒的相对组成。(4)柠条植物篱系统内各部位土壤有机质表现为带内(3.57%、Ⅱ级)>带后(3.09%、Ⅱ级)>带间(2.72%、Ⅲ级)>带前(2.64%、Ⅲ级),且各部位间分异明显;山杏植物篱系统土壤有机质表现为带间(1.47%、Ⅳ级)>带内(1.41%、Ⅳ级),分异不明显;不同植物篱类型间有机质分异不同。(5)植物篱土壤砂粒和水稳性小团聚体与有机质均呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01);粉粒和粘粒与有机质均呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05);土壤容重、水稳性大团聚体、微团聚体均与土壤有机质无明显相关关系。     

Electrical velocimetry for noninvasive cardiac output and stroke volume variation measurements in dogs undergoing cardiovascular surgery

Objective

To compare electrical velocimetry (EV) noninvasive measures of cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume variation (SVV) in dogs undergoing cardiovascular surgery with those obtained with the conventional thermodilution technique using a pulmonary artery catheter.