大型薄壳制件真空辅助树脂传递模塑工艺充模方案仿真分析及优化

针对大型树脂基复合材料制件不适于用实验试错法进行充模方案设计的问题,在分析树脂流动规律的基础上将大型薄壳件的求解区域分解,仿真分析了不同充模方案下树脂在纤维中的流动行为和模腔内压力变化,提出在制件填充面积等分处设置流道的方法,选择和优化大型薄壳制件的充模方案。结果表明:①对于不便进行实验试错法进行真空辅助树脂传递模塑(VARTM)工艺充模方案设计的大型薄壳制件,可以采用数值模拟的方式,以达西定律、能量守恒定律等为计算依据,求解压力场和速度场,对比不同仿真方案的充模时间等数据合理安排注胶方式方法,指导VARTM工艺制备大型复合材料制件合理安排注胶方式,提高生产率、减少因树脂浸润不均匀产生的缺陷。②对于大型薄壳类制件,忽略厚度方向尺寸,影响充模时间的主要因素为流道长度和树脂流动距离。选取尽可能长的注胶流道,合理设置流道位置以减少树脂流动的距离;长流道可以增加树脂瞬时注入量、提高较长时间的压力差;而树脂流程越长,树脂前锋处压力损失越大,流速越慢。③试验提出了制件填充面积等分处设置流道的方法。将大型薄壳工艺制件充模面积等分,注胶流道布置在垂直于制件长度方向的面积等分线上,可缩短充模时间并减少制件两端的树脂富集现象。对于较狭长部分可再次进行面积等分设置流道,以免造成树脂流程过长压力流失过多;而对于较宽阔部分不宜设置过多流道以免树脂前锋稳定前互相接触造成制件充模不均匀。     

基于边缘检测和区域定位的玉米根茎导航线提取方法

基于玉米根茎图像信息,提出一种基于边缘检测和区域定位的玉米根茎导航线提取方法。首先,利用最大类间方差法自动分割2G-R-B灰度图像,得到二值化图像,结合形态学处理、位置/面积去噪方法提高二值化图像质量,对去噪图像按列累加得到列像素累加曲线;针对传统方法得到的特征点中伪特征点较多的问题,引入高斯滤波器平滑累加曲线,并运用极值法减少玉米根茎伪特征点的干扰,在提取玉米茎秆边缘直线时,提出基于最远茎秆成像宽度的双侧边缘判别思路,通过扫描每条边缘直线的四边形封闭邻域有效剔除伪边缘直线;最后,根据边缘直线二次定位玉米的根茎区域范围,并剔除伪特征点,采用最小二乘线性拟合方法准确提取导航线。试验表明,本文算法处理一幅1280像素×720像素图像耗时约236ms,特征点拟合准确率为92%。与传统方法相比,本文算法精度高、实时性好,在缺苗、杂草较多和株距不标准的情况下仍具有较强的鲁棒性。     

An edge detection method based on a good point set genetic algorithm

In order to improve the convergence rate of genetic algorithms based on edge detection, a novel edge detection method based on a good point set genetic algorithm (GGA) was proposed. The proposed method designed the crossover operation with the theory of good point set in which the progeny inherits the common genes of the parents which represent its family so as to improve the convergence rate of the genetic algorithm. Furthermore, before the algorithm was used for edge detection, the feature space of the image grey level was transformed into the feature space of the fuzzy entropy. Dissimilarity enhancement processing next was applied to the image by using a fuzzy entropy theory to filter the non edge pixels so as to reduce the scale of the solution domain. This approach offered another efficient way to improve the convergence rate. Experimental results show the proposed algorithm performs very well in terms of convergence rate. The detected edge image is well localized, thin, and robustly resistant to noise.     

棉花高光谱及其红边特征(Ⅱ)

通过大田和室内试验,测定了2个棉花品种的冠层、完全展开倒1、3叶在不同时期的高光谱反射率及对应叶片的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量。结果表明:棉花冠层光谱红边具有“双峰”和“红边平台”现象,且红边位置λ_(red)位于695～720nm之间,红边幅值Dλ_(red)和红边面积S_(red)有“红移”和“蓝移”现象;叶面积指数、鲜叶重和干叶重与冠层光谱红边参数λ_(red)、Dλ(red)、S_(red)之间存在显著相关,叶片叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量与其反射光谱的λ_(red)、Dλ(red)、S_(red)也有显著相关。     

分子标记辅助选择改良杂交水稻的白叶枯病抗性

分子标记辅助选择技术以其对目标基因快速而精确的选择为回交育种提供了非常有效的工具。华中农业大学作物遗传改良实验室运用分子标记辅助的回交育种方法,将广谱高抗白叶枯病基因Ｚａ２１迅速导入到杂交水稻的两个优良恢复系明灰６３和６０７８之中,成功地完成了其抗生改良,并通过配组而达到了改良杂交水稻抗性的目的。本研究所运用的分子标记辅助的水稻回交育种程序是：通过一次杂交、二次回交改良杂交水稻抗性的目的。本研究所     

利用Authorware编制财务会计多媒体辅助教学课件

媒体计算机辅助教学(MCAI)是现代化教育的一种重要手段,它的出现和发展顺应了信息时代下现代教育发展的根本要求.Authorware是目前常用的多媒体创作工具,借助该软件非计算机专业人员也可以编制出界面美观、交互良好、图文声并茂的多媒体系统.本文通过实例,从课件的结构设计、课件的关键技术、课件的实现等方面介绍了财务会计多媒体辅助教学课件的编制.     

中亚热带台湾相思次生林林隙边缘木高径分布特征

对福州地区台湾相思次生林林隙进行实地调查,共调查10个林隙中的130株边缘木,用威布尔分布模型和正态分布模型分别拟合林隙边缘木的胸径级和高度级分布,并进行柯尔莫哥洛夫和卡方检验,结果表明：福州地区台湾相思次生林林隙边缘木胸径级的多度分布符合W eibull分布和正态分布;高度级的多度分布符合W eibull分布,但不符合正态分布。     

Analysis of durable resistance to stem rust in barley

Summary Since the mid-1940's, barley cultivars grown in the northern Great Plains of the USA and Canada have been resistant to stem rust caused byPuccinia graminis f. sp.tritici. This durable resistance is largely conferred by a single gene,Rpg1, derived from a single plant selection of the cultivar Wisconsin 37 and an unimproved Swiss cultivar. At the seedling stage, barley genotypes withRpg1 generally exhibit low mesothetic reactions at 16–20° C and slightly higher mesothetic reactions at 24–28° C to many stem rust pathotypes. This resistance is manifested by a low level of rust infection and mostly incompatible type uredia on adult plants.Rpg1 reacts in a pathotype-specific manner since some genotypes ofP. g. f. sp.tritici are virulent on cultivars carrying this gene in the field. Several factors may have contributed to the longevity of stem rust resistance in barley, a) since barley is planted early and matures early, it can sometimes escape damage from stem rust inoculum carried from the south; b) one or more minor genes may augment the level of resistance already provided byRpg1; c) the cultivation of resistant wheat cultivars and eradication of barberry have reduced the effective population size and number of potential new pathotypes ofP. g. f. sp.tritici, respectively; and d) virulent pathotypes ofP. g. f. sp.tritici andP. g. f. sp.secalis have not become established. This situation changed in 1989 when a virulent pathotype (Pgt-QCC) ofP. g. f. sp.tritici became widely distributed over the Great Plains. However,Rpg1 may still confer some degree of resistance to pathotype QCC because stem rust severities have been low to moderate and yield losses light on barley cultivars carrying the gene during the last four seasons (1989–1992). Several sources of incomplete resistance to pathotype QCC have been identified in barley. To facilitate the transfer of resistance genes from these sources into advanced breeding lines, molecular marker assisted selection is being employed.     

成品油上倾管道油水两相流相分布识别方法

成品油携水沿上倾管道流动会产生复杂的流动型态,准确识别油水两相在上倾管道中的分布特征是深入认识油携水规律的基础。针对实验中采集的上倾管油水两相流图像,提出一种基于图像处理的上倾管道油水两相分布特征识别方法:将原始图像转化为灰度图像,剔除图像中的无用信息;调整图像的灰度,以提升对比度,凸显图像细节;对图像进行中值滤波处理,消除图像拍摄过程中的随机噪声;对图像进行边缘检测,分割出油水两相边界,识别出相分布特征。该方法可以分割出清晰的油水两相边界,从而识别出管道中油水两相流的相分布特征。研究成果适用于各种工况下油水两相相分布特征识别,为多相流图像处理特别是流型识别提供了指导。     

利用分子标记辅助选择选育抗白叶枯病恢复系

利用水稻恢复系C418与携带Xa21基因亲本回交转育的中间材料,通过分子标记辅助选择,结合人工接种鉴定,农艺性状考察和田间配合力测定,选育出一批携带Xa21基因、白叶枯病抗性显著提高、农艺性状优良、配合力较强的新恢复系,同时筛选出一批优势杂交组合,为杂交稻抗病育种奠定物质基础。