天山北坡经济带人口分布与经济发展研究

人口分布是影响经济发展的重要因素。人口分布与经济分布的最基本属性是不均衡性,人口与经济的空间集中化是区域发展的内在规律。本文从人口与经济发展的关系出发,通过对天山北坡经济带人口数量、人口密度、人口分布等因素与经济发展相关关系及动态演进的多方面分析,为天山北坡经济带进一步实施人口与经济空间集中化战略,建立起人口、经济与环境协调发展的区域格局提供一些理论依据与对策。     

套袋对黄瓜产量和品质的影响及经济效益分析

以"中农16号"为试材,研究套袋对黄瓜生长和品质的影响,探讨套袋黄瓜预期产生的经济效益。结果表明:套袋可显著抑制弯瓜及畸形瓜的产生,增产效果显著;套袋黄瓜平均长度、平均重量、单位重量分别比对照组高9.83%4、2.99%、29.94%;套袋处理对黄瓜的水分含量和瓜皮表面色泽无显著影响;套袋处理可显著提高黄瓜糖酸比,改善黄瓜口感风味;套袋黄瓜VC和可溶性蛋白含量分别比对照提高了45.80%和16.82%;套袋黄瓜预期产生的经济效益远远大于套袋所消耗的薄膜材料以及人工费用。     

小菜蛾为害不同生育期秋甘蓝对产量的影响及经济阈值研究

采用笼罩法测定了小菜蛾在秋甘蓝不同生育期为害造成的产量损失,建立了产量损失率与小菜蛾虫口密度的回归关系式。结果表明,在秋甘蓝苗期、莲座期、结球始期和结球中后期秋甘蓝损失率(y)与小菜蛾虫口密度(x)关系式分别为:y=9.480 6x-2.586 2,y=3.621 8x-0.790 2,y=-0.210 7x2+6.698 1x-1.906 5和y=0.081 1x2-0.147 9x+0.405 4。根据经济阈值模型,秋甘蓝不同生育阶段的小菜蛾幼虫经济阈值分别为苗期0.54头/株,莲座期0.91头/株,结球始期0.67头/株,结球中后期6.08头/株。该研究为秋甘蓝小菜蛾的防治策略和经济阈值的确定提供了科学依据。     

流溪河国家森林公园森林生态系统服务功能间接价值评估

从森林生态系统的效益出发,选取涵养水源、调节气候、净化环境、土壤保持、固碳释氧、维持生物多样性和医疗保健等因子,采用市场价值法、影子价格法、机会成本法等多种手段对流溪河国家森林公园的森林生态系统服务功能的间接经济价值进行估算.结果表明.该森林公园每年的总生态服务价值约为2.18亿元.     

Cost analysis of sand barriers in desertified regions based on the land grid division model

Sand barriers are the most widely used mechanical implements for wind-blown sand control and desertification prevention. However, there is no standard quantitative cost analysis of the sizes and materials required for sand barriers. In this study, based on the original land grid division model for optimal resource utilization, we calculated the total side lengths of square and regular hexagonal sand barriers with the sizes of 1.0 m×1.0 m, 2.0 m×2.0 m, and 3.0 m×3.0 m in a desertified region of t...     

不同施肥处理对果蔗产量、外观品质及经济效益的影响

在广州市番禺区以当地习惯施肥为对照,探讨了不同施肥处理对果蔗产量、外观品质以及经济效益的影响,结果表明:与对照相比,采用氮磷钾配比为1:0.3～0.4:0.8～0.9、每667 m2施氮约46 kg的施肥方法,果蔗的株高、茎粗、有效茎数、单茎重、节数、平均节长以及商品蔗长均有不同程度的增加,果蔗的外观品质得到明显改善,且肥料用量减少、用肥成本降低,经济效益增加。     

基于省域数据的我国耕地非农化与经济发展研究

土地利用与社会经济活动关系密切。耕地作为土地的精华,面积变化与经济发展之间呈现出显著的规律性。通过分析我国经济成熟区、经济成长区和经济欠发达区经济差异特征的基础上,以1999年～2002年耕地面积统计数据为基础,采用相对指标(耕地减少率、耕地非农化率)和绝对指标(耕地建设占用总量和人均占用量)考察耕地减少状况,然后将各经济区域与耕地减少状况进行空间相关分析,结果表明,耕地减少率与区域经济发展水平相关性不显著,而耕地非农化率与经济发展之间存在着良好的相关关系,经济成熟区的耕地非农化率最高;耕地建设占用总量和人均占用量也表现出经济成熟区>经济成长区>经济欠发达区的特点。耕地建设占用程度与经济发展水平呈正向变化趋势。建立土地优化配置机制、推进产业结构升级代换是实现耕地非农化库兹涅茨曲线转化的关键措施。     

膨化血粉饲喂生长犬的效果试验

选择健康的2月龄生长犬40只，随机分为3个试验组(A，B，C)和1个对照组(D)，试验组分别饲喂添加5％，10％和15％膨化血粉的复合饲料，对照组饲喂添加8％鱼粉的复合饲料，进行30d饲哏试验。试验结果表明：A，B，C组与时照组相比日增重分别提高18．97％，2．17％和-13．55％；肉料比降低了19．62％，6．19％和-7．69％。     

TRANSFORMATION OF AGRICULTURE ON THE LOESS PLATEAU OF CHINA TOWARD GREEN DEVELOPMENT

● Agriculture on Loess Plateau has transformed from food shortage to green development. ● Terracing and check-dams are the key engineering measures to increase crop yields. ● Agronomic measures and policy support greatly increased crop production. ● Increasing non-agricultural income is a key part of increasing farmers’ income. ● Grain for Green Program had an overwhelming advantage in protecting environment. Loess Plateau of China is a typical dryland agricultural area. Agriculture there has transformed from food shortage toward green development over the past seven decades, and has achieved world-renowned achievements. During 1950–1980, the population increased from 42 to 77 million, increasing grain production to meet food demand of rapid population growth was the greatest challenge. Engineering measures such as terracing and check-dam were the crucial strategies to increase crop production. From 1981 to 2000, most of agronomic measures played a key role in increasing crops yield, and a series of policy support has benefited millions of smallholders. As expected, these measures and policies greatly increased crop production and basically achieved food security; but, low per capita GDP (only about 620 USD in 2000) was still a big challenge. During 2001–2015, the increase in agricultural and non-agricultural income together supported the increase in farmer income to 5781 USD·yr^–1. Intensive agriculture that relies heavily on chemicals increased crop productivity by 56%. Steadfast policy support such as “Grain for Green Program” had an overwhelming advantage in protecting the natural ecological environment. In the new era, the integration of science and technology innovations, policy support and positive societal factors will be the golden key to further improve food production, protect environment, and increase smallholder income.     

浅析河北省太行山区生态经济沟的可持续发展

河北省太行山区生态经济沟经过20多年的发展已取得了一定的成绩,在促进农业经济发展方面发挥了重要作用.面对新的形势,如何推进生态经济沟健康持续发展是一个重要课题.文章以河北省太行山区生态经济沟发展的现状为切入点,以生态经济相互协调为前提,以山区环境和资源、人口为依据,提出了建设农村高效农业,促进农村支柱产业发展等一系列建...