Body weight growth Model of Datong Yak in Qinghai

Summary:This study was conducted to develop a suitable model for describing the growth pattern of the yak. The data used consisted of body weight records of 76 growing yak aged between 5 to 37 months. Three mathematical models were applied to describe the growth curves during this development period:①Y1=20.105 + 11. 250x-0. 526x2 ;used for describing the growth curve of yak aged 5 to 13 months;②Y2 = -359.687 + 49. 977x - 1. 249x2 ;used for animals aged 13 to 25 months;and ③Y3 = -833. 339 + 63. 772x - 1. 019x2 ;used for animals aged 25 to 37 months.     

川西北高寒沙地不同年限高山柳林下优势植物碳、氮、磷生态化学计量特征

通过采集川西北高寒沙地不同年限(6、18、24年)高山柳林下3种优势植被藏沙蒿、裂叶独活和镰荚棘豆,分别测定分析3种植被叶片、根部C、N、P化学计量特征变化特征。结果表明:不同年限高山柳林下植被C、N、P含量及其比值间存在显著差异且呈现出不同变化趋势。林下植被C含量整体下降;叶N含量呈上升趋势,根N含量随年限增长而下降;除藏沙蒿外,林下植被P含量变化不显著;C∶N变化范围为1.92~12.86;C∶P为29.18~196.88;不同年限高山柳林下植被N∶P间虽存在差异,但均表现出主要受到P限制,表明该区域植被生长主要受P限制,应注意P养分的适当补充。     

三江源区土壤侵蚀变化及驱动因素分析

采用修正通用土壤流失方程(revised universal soil loss equation, RUSLE)对三江源区1997-2012年的土壤侵蚀模数和土壤侵蚀量进行定量模拟,并对其生态工程实施前、后时空变化特征进行对比分析,采用空间叠加法分析降雨侵蚀力及植被覆盖度对土壤侵蚀状况的影响,利用模型参数控制法对气候变化和生态工程对土壤侵蚀变化的贡献率进行分析。结果表明:1)生态工程实施后,三江源区土壤侵蚀增加的趋势尚未得到遏制,多年平均年土壤侵蚀模数和侵蚀量较工程实施前增加6.5%,但局部地区土壤侵蚀状况有所好转,约占总面积的45%;2)长江流域在工程实施后的土壤侵蚀量与工程实施前基本持衡;黄河流域土壤侵蚀量增加明显,增幅超过45%;澜沧江流域土壤侵蚀量有所下降,降幅为9.8%;3)降水增强导致土壤侵蚀加剧的贡献率达到180%,植被恢复对土壤侵蚀变化的贡献率为-80%。全面遏制三江源区土壤侵蚀增加趋势,仍需持续努力。     

Effect of dasatinib in a xenograft mouse model of canine histiocytic sarcoma and in vitro expression status of its potential target EPHA2

Canine histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an aggressive and highly metastatic tumor. Previously, the kinase inhibitor dasatinib was shown to have potent growth inhibitory activity against HS cells in vitro, possibly via targeting the EPHA2 receptor. Here, the in vivo effect of dasatinib in HS cells was investigated using a xenograft mouse model. Moreover, the expression status of EPHA2 was examined in six HS cell lines, ranging from insensitive to highly sensitive to dasatinib. In the HS xenograft mouse model, dasatinib significantly suppressed tumor growth, as illustrated by a decrease in mitotic and Ki67 indices and an increase in apoptotic index in tumor tissues. On Western blot analysis, EPHA2 was only weakly detected in all HS cell lines, regardless of sensitivity to dasatinib. Dasatinib likely results in the inhibition of xenograft tumor growth via a mechanism other than targeting EPHA2. The findings of this study suggest that dasatinib is a targeted therapy drug worthy of further exploration for the treatment of canine HS.     

The construction and application of a population physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for methadone in Beagles and Greyhounds

Methadone is an opioid analgesic in veterinary and human medicine. To help develop appropriate pain management practices and to develop a quantitative model for predicting methadone dosimetry, a flow‐limited multiroute physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for methadone in dogs constructed with Berkeley Madonna? was developed. The model accounts for intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC), and oral administrations, and compartmentalizes the body into different components. This model was calibrated from plasma pharmacokinetic data after IV administration of methadone in Beagles and Greyhounds. The calibrated model was evaluated with independent data in both breeds of dogs. One advantage of this model is that most physiological parameter values for Greyhounds were taken directly from the original literature. The developed model simulates available pharmacokinetic data for plasma concentrations well for both breeds. After conducting regression analysis, all simulated datasets produced an R ² > 0.80 when compared to the measured plasma concentrations. Comparative analysis of the dosimetry of methadone between the breeds suggested that Greyhounds had ~50% lower 24‐hr area under the curve (AUC) of plasma or brain concentrations than in Beagles. Furthermore, population analysis was conducted with this study. This model can be used to predict methadone concentrations in multiple dog breeds using breed‐specific parameters.     

云龙石斑鱼胃排空特征和摄食消化特性研究

为阐明养殖新品种云龙石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara♀×E.lanceolatus♂)摄食胃排空特征和消化酶活性变化规律,本研究检测了体重为(680.35±39.84)g云龙石斑鱼摄食后胃内容物百分比,比较了线性模型、平方根模型和立方模型对胃排空曲线的拟合程度,分析了云龙石斑鱼摄食后血清中葡萄糖、皮质醇含量和肝脏消化酶活性变化,并对胃排空率与消化酶进行了相关性分析。结果发现,云龙石斑鱼摄食后,胃排空率呈典型的先慢后快再慢的消化类型。3种模型均能拟合云龙石斑鱼的胃排空数据,其中,立方模型拟合效果最佳。由立方模型可知,云龙石斑鱼胃80%排空(食欲基本恢复)时间为9.5 h,100%排空(食欲完全恢复)约为14.8 h。血清中葡萄糖、皮质醇含量及肝脏中消化酶(淀粉酶、糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶)活性在摄食胃排空过程中均呈先升高后降低的趋势。摄食后,血清中皮质醇、葡萄糖含量和肝脏内消化酶活性逐渐升高,0~3 h上升速率较慢,3~6 h内呈急剧上升的变化趋势,且在摄食后6 h,血清中皮质醇、葡萄糖含量和肝脏内消化酶活性达到最高(P<0.05),之后呈显著下降趋势,云龙石斑鱼瞬时排空速率与消化酶活性呈正相关(P<0.05)。综上,基于云龙石斑鱼胃排空特征和摄食消化特性,结合生产实践,在食欲基本恢复后开始投喂,投喂间隔为10 h左右,每日投喂2次,效果最佳。     

基于GFM和GAMM模型分析对虾白斑综合征(WSSV)对黄海和东海北部水域虾类生物量的影响

虾类是海洋生态系统功能群的重要组成部分,其生物量变化受到多重因素的影响。本研究在开展黄海和东海北部水域虾类白斑综合征病毒(white spot syndrome virus, WSSV)流行病学调查的基础上,利用梯度随机森林模型(gradient random forest model, GFM)和广义加性混合模型(generalized additive mixed models, GAMM),分析了2016—2018年间黄海和东海北部水域WSSV流行对虾类生物量的影响。分子检测结果显示,调查所获取的26种虾类中,11种被检测为WSSV阳性;2016、2017和2018年WSSV阳性采样站点的比率分别为48.40%、38.75%和21.74%,虾类样品中WSSV阳性检出比率分别为16.86%、9.60%和4.80%。GFM模型分析显示,解释变量“阳性样品数的对数(ln_posi)”对响应变量“虾类生物量的对数(ln_Abu)”的重要性最高。GAMM分析中,根据赤池信息准则(Akaike information criterion, AIC)最小原则筛选出的最优模型为：ln_Abu~WSSV阳性率(P_rate)+ln_posi+经度(Long),该模型中ln_posi和P_rate是影响虾类生物量的极显著相关因子,ln_Abu随着P_rate的升高而降低。研究表明,WSSV在黄海和东海北部水域虾类中流行,推测对该海域的虾类生物量存在影响。     

桑沟湾养殖海带生长的模型预测

海带(Saccharinajaponica)是一种常见的大型经济褐藻,是海洋生态系统重要的初级生产者,也是我国北方沿海主要的养殖藻类。本研究旨在建立海带个体生长数值模型,并以此预测中国北方近海大规模筏式养殖条件下海带的生长情况。本研究以桑沟湾养殖海带为例,利用可视化模型软件STELLA描述海带生长的关键过程及其与环境参数的关系,以净生长量(N_(growth))=总生长量(G_(growth))–呼吸作用(resp)–枯烂(E_(kelp))为基本框架,模拟和预测海带的生物量和叶片长度变化。海带的总生长用光照、温度、盐度、海带体内营养盐(包括N和P)等强制函数定义,其中,光照参数来自桑沟湾气象记录,盐度、温度和营养盐为现场调查实测值。模型模拟桑沟湾养殖海带的长度与干重结果与实测值的拟合度R~2值分别为0.936、0.963,说明该模型能够很好反映海带的真实生长情况。可靠的个体生长模型是评估海带养殖容量的基础,并可为水产养殖区的空间规划提供决策依据。     

池塘养殖尾水灌溉稻蟹共生稻田中水稻的生长

为了探求新型稻渔共作模式对水稻生长及产量的影响,在宁夏回族自治区银川市贺兰县光明渔村开展了新型稻渔共作模式的实践。不同情况下稻田灌溉模式影响了水稻的生长以及产量。实验分为每隔5 d灌溉一次鱼塘水,每隔7 d灌溉一次鱼塘水以及不灌溉鱼塘水。水稻种植品种为“吉宏6号”,水稻平均亩产544.97kg,总体旱田亩产量高于水田,不同灌溉周期亩产量5 d灌溉一次>7 d灌溉一次>不灌溉鱼塘水。地上部分生物量旱田大于水田。灰色关联度分布为0.576～0.907。各水稻根茎秆构成因子与水稻产量关联度由强到弱排序依次为：根长（0.907）＞秆基部外径(0.863)=穗基部外径(0.863)＞秆长(0.846)＞株高(0.829)＞穗长(0.776),其中与水稻产量关联度最大的根茎秆构成因子是根长,关联度最小的是穗长;水稻产量构成因子与水稻产量关联度由强到弱排序依次为：有效穗数(0.869)＞穗粒数(0.847)＞生物量(0.813)＞结实率(0.806)＞千粒质量(0.759)＞每公顷穴数(0.715)＞根干质量（0.625）＞成穗率(0.576),其中与水稻产量关联度最大的产量构成因子是有效穗数,关联度最小的是成穗率。