Identification of a Long Rice Spikelet Mutant

A spontaneously occurring rice (Oryza sativa L. ) mutant, characterized by homeotic conversion in glumes and stamens, was found in the progeny of a cross. The mutant showed long glumes and glumaceous lodicules and morphological transformation of stamens into pistils. Mutant florets consisted of 1 to 3 completely developed pistils, some pistilloid stamens with filaments, but tipped by bulged tissue and 0 to 3 stigmas. It seens that the mutant phenotype of the homeotic conversions in glumes and stamens is similar to that of the B loss-of-function mutants in Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum. The mutant is controlled by a single recessive gene as a segregation ratio of 3:1 (wild type to mutant plants) was observed in the F2 generation.     

黄瓜叶色突变体遗传机制的研究

 从黄瓜雌性系9110G中发现能稳定遗传的叶色突变体。该突变体子叶和第1～2片真叶最初为金黄色，叶绿素含量约为正常株的3／5，但随着叶片的生长这些叶片逐渐转绿。该突变体叶色黄主要是由叶绿素降低引起的，与类胡萝卜素无关。通过对亲本、F。、BE及F2后代观察和叶绿素测定，证明该突变体是细胞核遗传，由单一隐性基因控制，并且绿色对黄色为不完全显性。该突变性状是研究光合系统和基因定位的好材料，同时也可用来作为指示性状鉴定杂种纯度。     

The change of dry matter intake, milk yield and bone turnover in primiparous cows compared to multiparous cows during early lactation

Data from six primiparous and nine multiparous Holstein cows were used to clarify the difference of Ca and P mobilization between primiparous and multiparous cows during early lactation. The dry matter intake (DMI) of primiparous cows was lower (P < 0.01) than those of multiparous cows. Milk yield was lower in primiparous cows at 7, 14, 21 (P < 0.01), and 28 days (P < 0.05) after parturition. There was no significant difference in milk Ca and P concentrations between primiparous and multiparous cows. There were no significant differences in plasma Ca and P concentrations between primiparous and multiparous cows. The plasma P level at 7 days postpartum in primiparous cows was lower (P < 0.05) than 28 days postpartum. The concentration of plasma osteocalcin (OC) measured as bone formation marker of primiparous cows was significantly higher than multiparous cows (P < 0.01) at 21 and 28 days postpartum. The urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) as bone resorption marker of primiparous cows tended to be higher (P < 0.10) than multiparous cows at 21 days after parturition and decreased to the same level as that of multiparae toward the peak lactation. These results show that Ca and P mobilization of primiparous cows are more active than multiparous cows.     

马立克氏病病毒pp38基因启动子和增强子的克隆和序列分析

参考GeneBank发表的马立克氏病病毒(MDV)国际标准强毒株GA的基因序列，设计合成一对引物，分别以RBIB，814，GD2(广东分离株)，J-1-E(北京分离株)，Md11，Md5，CV1988等不同毒株的MDV基因组DNA为模板，通过PCR扩增，获得了预期大小的PCR产物。该产物经pGEM-T-easy克隆后测序，将所得序列进行比较分析。结果发现：不同毒株间pp38基因的启动子和增强子序列间有缺失突变，序列的同源性大于95．9％，其中大多数的突变发生在MDV复制的原点附近。     

赖氨酸采食量对早期断奶仔猪生长发育及胰腺内分泌机能的影响

将55头21日龄断奶的雄性仔猪随机分为5组，各组仔猪饲喂赖氨酸含量为0．60％、0．80％、1．00％、1．20％和1．40％的试验日粮21d。42日龄结束饲养试验时进行葡萄糖灌注试验，观察赖氨酸采食量对早期断奶仔猪生长发育和胰腺内分泌的影响。结果表明：早期断奶仔猪体增重与赖氨酸采食量为强正相关，根椐体增重指标，21～42日龄阶段，仔猪的赖氨酸采食量不应低于3．16g／d，日粮赖氨酸含量不应低于1.40％。赖氨酸严重缺乏(采食量小于1．45g／d)时，胰岛素的分泌量下降，对高血糖应激的反应能力降低。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒缺失变异株的基因组特征

对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)分离株HB2(sh)／2002的全基因组序列进行了测定与分析。该毒株基因组全长为15373nt(不包括PolyA尾)，与国内外美洲型PRRSV分离株全序列相似性介于88．7％～95．1％之间。序列分析表明，该毒株是1个天然存在缺失的变异毒株，其ORFla的Nsp2存在编码12个氨基酸的连续36个核苷酸的缺失，ORF、3存在编码1个氨基酸的3个核苷酸的缺失。这是国内外首次发现PRRSV存在缺失变异现象，研究结果补充和丰富了PRRSV毒株的基因组信息数据，为深入研究该毒株的遗传与变异及其与生物学特性的关系奠定了基础。     

烯丙孕素口服液调控母猪同期发情的研究进展

烯丙孕素口服液在国外已被广泛用于母猪同期发情,给药期间可抑制母猪发情,停止给药后重新释放天然激素,母猪会重返发情,以达到同步发情。详细阐述了烯丙孕素口服液的作用机制、药代动力学、临床应用、残留以及毒性,以期为其研究与开发提供一定的参考。烯丙孕素口服液在治疗性成熟母猪同期发情上有较好的应用前景。     

水稻半外卷叶突变体sol1的表型分析与基因定位

适度卷曲有利于提高水稻叶片的光合效率,增加植株光合产物的有效积累量。我们利用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)处理籼型水稻保持系西农1B,获得一个稳定遗传的水稻半外卷叶突变体。该突变体从十叶期开始各叶片逐渐向外卷曲直至半卷状,并伴随茎秆半矮化和叶片披垂,暂被命名为semi-outcurved leaf 1(sol1)。与野生型(WT)相比,sol1的叶片卷曲指数均达到30%以上(P<0.01);倒一、倒二、倒三、倒四节节间长度和穗长极显著缩短,倒一、倒二、倒三叶的叶夹角显著或极显著增加;有效穗数、千粒重、每穗实粒数、结实率显著或极显著下降,一次枝梗数则增加11.3%(P<0.05)。sol1的蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度显著高于野生型。石蜡切片显示,sol1倒一叶的泡状细胞体积变小,数量显著增多,表皮细胞体积略微增大。遗传分析表明,sol1的半外卷叶性状受1对隐性核基因调控,定位于6号染色体标记JY6-3和JY6-10之间165 kb的物理范围内,共含15个注释基因。qRT-PCR结果表明,与泡状细胞相关的内卷基因和外卷叶基因RL14、Roc5、REL1在突变体sol1中呈不同程度的上调,NRL、BRD1、OsHox32、ADL1、LC2则呈不同程度的下调。研究结果为SOL1基因的克隆和功能研究奠定了基础。     

南瓜银叶突变体48a的表型特征及其遗传学分析

南瓜银叶突变体48a是在嫩食型中国南瓜中分离筛选到的稳定遗传自交系,银色叶不仅可以作为标记性状应用到育种中,还可为南瓜抗虫、抗病、耐寒等一系列研究提供重要的材料基础。笔者对银叶突变体的表型特征及叶片的解剖结构进行鉴定分析,发现植株整体长势、熟性与野生型无明显差异;成熟叶片正面全部呈银灰色,叶绿素含量明显降低,叶片上表皮细胞与栅栏细胞间明显剥离,存在明显的空隙。利用突变体48a和野生型49a南瓜自交系构建的六世代遗传群体,调查发现F2的绿叶与银叶符合3∶1的分离比,回交群体BC1P1分离比符合1∶1,表明南瓜银色叶性状由单隐性基因控制。