苏南水网地区景观格局演变分析及其驱动因素探究——以七都镇为例

景观格局指数是反映景观结构与空间特征的量化指标,通过景观特征的指数化来描述景观格局现状。选取苏州市吴江区七都镇2000、2010、2020年3期土地利用数据,借助ArcGIS、FRAGSTATS、SPSS等软件,对其景观格局演变特征进行分析比较,并对该地区景观格局演变的驱动因素进行探究。结果表明,1）通过土地利用转移矩阵发现,耕地和林地面积呈减少趋势,分别减少了872.28 km²（-13.85%）和7.92 km²（-15.94%）,部分耕地和林地转化为了建设用地,相应的建设用地面积占比由10.35%提升至19.45%,农用地被侵占的现象显著。2）通过景观格局演变分析发现,水域、草地以及林地破碎化程度增强、边界被割裂的程度加剧,景观复杂程度增加;建设用地破碎化程度有所减弱,空间分布上趋向集中,斑块类型复杂程度下降,边界变得更加简单和规则。2000-2020年,七都镇景观多样性增强,景观整体向着均衡化发展。3）通过驱动力分析发现,城镇建设经济发展以及产业结构调整等因素累积贡献率达到96.74％,是导致七都镇景观格局变化的主要因素。     

木霉菌和灰霉菌相互作用关系的初步研究

对灰霉菌(Botrytis cinerea)和木霉菌BTW41(Trichoderma atroviride)之间相互关系作了初步研究。研究发现木霉菌具有较强的营养竞争能力,BTW41与灰霉菌的对峙菌落接触处,可见灰霉菌菌丝被木霉菌菌丝大量寄生,受到严重破坏,并且灰霉菌菌丝有消解现象。不同木霉菌株对番茄灰霉病的防效不同,BTW41的防效能够达到60.99%。施入叶片上的生防木霉菌孢子应达到一定浓度才会有效地定殖,进而起生防作用,灰霉菌对木霉菌在番茄叶片上定殖有影响。从以往所做的试验来看,木霉菌孢子浓度在108个孢子/mL以上时,对灰霉病的防效较好。     

考虑初始静力荷载效应的框架结构部分底层柱失效时的瞬时动力分析

为研究高层建筑结构整体性问题中连续倒塌问题,采用有限元方法模拟高层结构底层边柱突然失效时的瞬时动力响应。从计算结果可以看出,动力分析的水平位移比静力作用的最大水平位移大很多并以静力位移为中心上下波动,并在阻尼作用下收敛到静力位移。初始静力荷载效应使瞬时动力响应的振幅比无初始静力荷载效应的结构的水平和竖向位移振幅小。初始静力效应对结构瞬态响应的影响与刚度、质量、阻尼等因素有关,刚度越小,质量、阻尼越大时,初始静力荷载效应对结构最大位移影响越小。在对底层边柱突然失效的高层结构进行分析时,必须计算结构的瞬时动力响应。建议以较为简单的无初始静力荷载效应时的瞬时动力响应作为结构设计依据,其结果趋于安全。     

基于动态称量原理的泛函式播种施肥量检测方法

针对动态检测播种施肥量的测量系统易受振动干扰影响且难消除的问题,本文采用高压氮气弹簧的支撑力和S型传感器的拉力组合成称量式播量检测装置,利用压力和拉力之间存在力向相反、幅值呈比例的互补特性,提出了一种泛函式播量检测方法,该方法构建了以目标播量函数为变量的泛函,通过求取泛函极值确定目标播量函数。利用外槽轮式小麦播种施肥机平台,在不同目标播量（225、300、375kg/hm2）和不同车速（3、5km/h,3~7km/h变速）下开展了18组室外车载式小麦播种交叉试验,并应用泛函式播量检测方法获取累积播量和动态播量信息。累积播量的绝对相对偏差的最大值、平均值和标准差分别为5.61%、2.26%和1.58%;动态播量的检测数据在作业面积较小时（少于0.020hm2时）存在较大波动,随着作业面积的增加呈明显收敛趋势,动态播量稳定阶段（作业面积大于0.033hm2）,所有测试最大绝相对偏差为9.61%,单次测试中,最大平均值为4.73%,最大标准差为1.97%。试验结果表明,泛函式播量检测方法能有效获取动态播量和累积播量信息,为播种施肥机的播量检测提供了一种测量方法。     

盐胁迫下3种海滨植物形态和生理响应特征及耐盐性差异

[目的] 研究盐胁迫条件下3种海滨植物的生理生态动态响应特征及其耐盐性差异,为盐碱地绿化树种筛选提供科学依据。[方法] 以2年生中山杉、小叶榕和海滨木槿幼苗为材料进行为期56 d的盆栽试验,设置3个盐分梯度对其生长和形态、抗氧化酶系统以及渗透调节系统等指标的动态变化特征进行比较,并通过主成分分析来明确3种植物在耐盐性上的差异。[结果] 短期盐胁迫（14 d）对3种植物存活率、叶形和叶色影响较小,但长期盐胁迫（56 d）对小叶榕产生较大影响,盐胁迫下3种植物固定枝条相对生长率动态特征差异明显。3种植物叶片超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性随着盐处理时间增加而呈现降低趋势,过氧化物酶（POD）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性先增加后降低,丙二醛（MDA）含量呈现总体降低趋势。盐胁迫下3种植物叶片可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量均呈现先减少后增加的趋势,叶片相对电导率则随着盐浓度增加而显著提高。盐处理时间和物种的交互作用对SOD和POD活性以及MDA含量有显著影响,3种植物耐盐性主成分有明显差异,表明它们不同的耐盐响应特征。[结论] 3种植物的生态生理响应特征表明盐处理对小叶榕影响最大,中山杉次之,对海滨木槿影响最小,因此海滨木槿和中山杉有优先作为我国东部沿海地区盐碱地绿化树种的潜力。     

不同肥料与芸苔素内酯处理对5年生油茶光合和品质的影响

为了探索不同肥料和不同质量浓度芸苔素内酯（BRs）在油茶Camellia oleifera优良无性系上的运用最佳效果,选择5年生‘长林4号’‘长林18号’和‘长林166号’优良无性系油茶品种,采用L₉（3⁴）正交试验设计,对它们分别施生物有机肥、油茶专用肥及复合肥和叶面喷施0.067,0.033和0.020 mg·L^－1芸苔素内酯,然后测定各处理油茶叶片日光合速率和油茶茶果的各项指标,并对测得数据进行相应的分析和总结。结果表明：①净光合速率最高处理是‘长林166号’品系,施复合肥和喷施0.067 mg·L^－1芸苔素内酯;②百粒质量最大处理是‘长林18号’品系,施有机肥和喷施0.020 mg·L^－1芸苔素内酯;③出籽率最高处理是‘长林18号’品系,施有机肥和喷施0.020 mg·L^－1芸苔素内酯;④出仁率最高处理是‘长林166号’品系,施专用肥和喷施0.020 mg·L^－1芸苔素内酯;⑤出油率最高处理是长林4号品系,施专用肥和喷施0.033 mg·L^－1芸苔素内酯。表4参12     

Dynamic characteristics of multi-stage planetary gear trains in shield machine cutter drive

A purely torsional dynamic model of multi-stage planetary gear trains is developed to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the transmission system in shield machine cutter drive. In the model,phase difference between mesh stiffness and error among each stage caused by different initial mesh positions is considered,and other factors such as component bearing stiffness,time-varying mesh stiffness and error are considered as well. Inherent characteristic analysis shows there are more unique and diverse vibration modes in multi-stage planetary gear trains than in single-stage planetary gear trains. Through dynamic response analysis,time-domain and frequency-domain response of dynamic meshing force of each stage is obtained. As the frequency of exciting force of medium-speed and high-speed stage is in proximity to the natural frequency of the system,harmonic resonance tends to occur,which needs to be paid great attention to. Dynamic factors of each stage are also computed and prepare the ground for the dynamic optimizing design of planetary gear trains.     

Colonization behaviour of two enterobacterial strains on cereals

 Two diazotrophic enterobacterial strains, Pantoea agglomerans D5/23 and Klebsiella pneumoniae CC12/12, were observed in sterile and non-sterile hydroponic and soil experiments in order to determine, by means of an immunological detection method (double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), their colonization sites, their migration within individuals of different plant species, and their ability to compete with indigenous organisms. To investigate the interaction between bacteria and plants, root and shoot samples were analysed using electron microscopy. Field experiments were performed to determine the growth-promoting abilities of the bacterial strains. In field experiments, inoculation with P. agglomerans led to an increase in the grain yield of different wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars. The same strain was also able to colonize the rhizosphere and the phyllosphere of different cereals due to its ability to migrate within the plant. Roots and media were colonized 10–100 times more intensively than shoots, with about 10⁶ cells g^–1 root and 10⁴ cells g^–1 shoot. We found that P. agglomerans colonized the root and plant-growth medium of wheat to a greater extent than those of rye (Secale cereale) and barley (Hordeum vulgare), whereas the colonization of shoots was higher in rye and barley compared to wheat. Furthermore, while cell numbers of K. pneumoniae in media and roots were 10 times higher than cell numbers of P. agglomerans, only the latter markedly increased root growth. We were able to detect significant differences in colonization numbers between treatments even if the data were not normally or log-normally distributed or the variances were not homogenous. Received: 14 June 1999     

南水北调工程洛河渡槽耦合动力分析

在合理模拟临跨的静态荷载以及质量影响的基础上.采用三维有限元对南水北调工程洺河大型渡槽典型槽段单跨渡槽进行结构地震动力分析.对于影响渡槽结构动力响应的盆式支座、槽内水体与结构的流固耦合作用以及桩基-土体的动力相互作用,参照相关规范的原则和相关研究成果,在尽可能反映其实际影响和合理简化的基础上进行模拟,研究了结构自振特性、结构各部位的动力位移、应力以及内力响应.计算结果表明:采用不同水体模拟方法和不同计算分析方法得到的动力响应规律是一致的,动力响应值比较接近.     

DYNAMIC CONTRAST‐ENHANCED MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF CANINE BRAIN TUMORS

We evaluated dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) in canine brain tumors. Magnetic resonance data sets were collected on seven canine intracranial tumors with a 3 T magnet using a T1‐weighted fast spin echo fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequence after an IV bolus injection (0.2 mmol/kg) of Gd‐DTPA. The tumors were confirmed histopathologically as adenocarcinoma (n=1), ependymoma (n=1), meningioma (n=3), oligodendroglioma (n=1), and pituitary macroadenoma (n=1) The data were analyzed using a two‐compartment pharmacokinetic model for estimation of three enhancement parameters, E_R (rate of enhancement), K_el (rate of elimination), and K_ep (rate constant), and a model‐free phenomenologic parameter initial area under the Gd concentration curve (IAUGC) defined over the first 90 s postenhancement. Pearson's correlations were calculated between parameters of the two methods. The IAUGC has a relatively strong association with the rate of enhancement E_R, with r ranges from 0.4 to 0.9, but it was weakly associated with K_ep and K_el. To determine whether any two tumors differed significantly, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used. The results showed that there were statistical differences (P<0.05) between distributions of the enhancement pattern of each tumor. These kinetic parameters may characterize the perfusion and vascular permeability of the tumors and the IAUGC may reflect blood flow, vascular permeability, and the fraction of interstitial space. The kinetic parameters and the IAUGC derived from DCE‐MRI present complementary information and they may be appropriate to noninvasively differentiate canine brain tumors although a larger prospective study is necessary.