应用吹泡示功仪评价小麦品质的研究

为了更好的应用吹泡仪方法评价小麦品质状况,采用吹泡仪、粉质仪、拉伸仪方法对全国大面积主栽的118份小麦样品进行面团流变学特性测定,将测定结果依据国家标准GB/T 17320-1999《专用小麦品种品质》的稳定时间指标分类,从而得出吹泡曲线W值评价小麦品质的参考指标为：强筋类大于250;中筋类在170-250;弱筋类小于170。并将吹泡曲线与粉质、拉伸曲线的测定结果进行比较,结果表明：三种方法具有良好的一致性。     

春小麦新品种 JZ5 引种赞比亚试验

【目的】吉林农业大学承担了国家商务部中国援赞比亚农业技术示范中心项目，为落实“人员培训、科学研究、示范推广、宣传展示”任务，尊重受援国意愿，坚持“受援国提出、受援国同意、受援国主导”，根据当地对小麦品种的需求，进行了小麦品种选育工作。【方法】JZ5品种以C7906作母本、NS2作父本有性杂交通过系谱法选育而成，是国内优良的春小麦品种，于 2011年引种到赞比亚。【结果】经过多年引种试验、区域试验和生产试验，JZ5在所有参试小麦中表现为平均穗粒数65粒、千粒干质量54.2 g，产量潜力 11 000 kg/hm2。小麦种植期间正值赞比亚旱季，干热风对小麦灌浆影响较大，而JZ5灌浆速率快、结实率高，几乎不受干热风影响，耐干热风能力强，抗蚜虫，高抗白粉病，具有明显高产稳产特性。于2016年3月7日通过赞比亚农业部种子认证和控制研究所（SCCI）审定。【结论】JZ5适宜在赞比亚3个生态区种植，允许在赞比亚进行商业化推广，丰富了赞比亚的种质资源。     

干旱对不同地力水平、不同品种小麦生育性状及产量的影响

在相同的水分条件下 ,对不同地力水平、不同品种小麦的生育性状及产量进行比较。研究结果表明 ,小麦品种 9350 31在高肥力条件下表现突出 ,鲁麦 2 1适应性广 ,在中、低肥力地块上表现最佳     

微贮荞花饲喂仔猪增重效果试验

用微贮养花和普通养花饲喂仔猪，进行对比试验。在60天试验期间，试验组猪比对照组猪平均多增重6．79kg，每头平均日增重430g，比对照组提高34％，增重效果极显著。     

Effect of Soil Moisture on Relative Leaf Water Content, Chlorophyll, Proline and Sugar Accumulation in Wheat

The responses of four wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) varieties to soil moisture were determined by measuring plant parameters such as relative leaf water content (RLWC) and the chlorophyll, proline and sugar contents of the leaf over two seasons. Two levels of irrigation treatments were adopted: irrigated and rainfed. The rainfed plants had consistently higher amounts of proline and sugar but lower RLWC and chlorophyll content. As drought intensified, differences between the irrigated and the rainfed plants with respect to all of these characters increased. The RLWC values of the irrigated plants were significantly higher in the morning but lower values were found at noon, showing some recovery in the afternoon.     

不同基因型小麦初生根和次生根生长及生理差异

通过盆载和管栽小麦试验分析，总根系１初生根和次生根的生长及根中呼吸存在基因型差异。早硎一根前期发育快，后期衰退也快；晚熟基因型则相反，但极量的多少并不直接影响产量。     

提高北方寒地冬小麦越冬率机制初探

在黑龙江省北纬Ｎ４６～４８°区域试种冬小麦，五年试验表明，以高越冬率为指标，分蘖节处于可溶性糖等光合产物峰值区的分蘖盛期，为抗寒的最佳状态，分蘖盛期分蘖节可溶性糖含量的高低，亦可为品种抗寒性选择的评价尺度。由于根前区对低温比分蘖节更为敏感，使冬小麦根前区位于温度和对稳定的３０ｃｍ地层以下，应是采取适当栽培的调控措施的目的。     

Estimation of protein contents in winter wheat grain using satellite remote sensing

(Jpn. J. Soil Sci.Plant Nutr., 77, 317–320, 2006)     

Combined Effect of Zinc and Cadmium Levels on Root Antioxidative Responses in Three Different Zinc‐Efficient Wheat Genotypes

This work was undertaken to investigate the effect of zinc (Zn) nutrition on root antioxidative responses to cadmium (Cd) toxicity of three wheat genotypes differing in Zn efficiency. A hydroponic experiment was carried out in which two bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L. cvs. ‘Rushan’ and ‘Cross’) and one durum wheat genotype (Triticum durum L. cv. Durum) were exposed to three Zn²⁺ (10^?11.11, 10^?9.11 and 10^?8.81 μm ) and two Cd²⁺ (10^?11.21 and 10^?10.2 μm ) activity levels. ‘Durum’ showed the highest root sulfhydryl (‐SH) groups content and activity of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the lowest root membrane permeability among the studied wheat genotypes. In ‘Durum’, Zn nutrition increased root ‐SH groups concentration of seedlings in Cd‐free nutrient solution. In ‘Cross’, as Zn²⁺ activity increased from 10^?11.11 to 10^?9.11 μm , root ‐SH groups concentration was increased while decreased with increasing Zn²⁺ to 10^?8.81 μm . Cadmium increased root membrane permeability at both 10^?11.11 and 10^?9.11 μm Zn²⁺ levels. Activity of CAT and APX increased in roots of ‘Durum’ plants exposed to Cd at Zn²⁺ = 10^?9.11 μm and thereafter decreased with increasing Zn²⁺ activity. In contrast, CAT and APX activity in roots of ‘Cross’ and ‘Rushan’ genotypes exposed to Cd decreased by increasing Zn activity to 10^?9.11 μm and then increased at Zn²⁺ = 10^?8.81μm . The results showed an increase in activities of antioxidative enzymes in Cd‐treated plants, although this increase was dependent on the crop genotype and Zn levels in the media.     

Nitrogen application method for improving yield and protein content of “Kitanokaori”, a new variety of winter wheat for bread use in Hokkaido

(Jpn. J. Soil Sci.Plant Nutr., 77, 273–281, 2006)

“Kitanokaori” is a new variety of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for bread use bred at the National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region. The grain protein content of wheat for bread use should be higher than 120 g kg?1. Much nitrogen application is necessary to obtain high grain protein content. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the optimum amount of nitrogen to obtain the required protein content and to prevent nitrogen from remaining in the soil. Field experiments were conducted for four years from sowing in 2000 to study the effect of the amount of nitrogen and the time of top-dressing. In the experiment in which sowing was carried out in 2003, nitrogen treatments were 40, 40–60, 40–60–0–60, 40–60–0–60–30, 40–60–0–60–60, 40–60–60–60, 40–60–60–60–30, 40–60–60–60–60, 40–60–30–30, 40–60–30–30–30 and 40–60–30–30–60 (each value showing the amount of applied nitrogen at sowing · re-growing stage · panicle formation stage · flag leaf stage · full heading stage, kg ha?1). The experiments were conducted in Andosol, which has moderate nitrogen fertility, and in Histosol, which is fertile soil.

Kitanokaori did not lodge with high-applied nitrogen, and both yield and protein content increased with an increase in applied nitrogen. In a moderate climate, Kitanokaori reached a protein content of 120 g kg?1 when the amount of absorbed nitrogen was about 190 kg ha?1, and the yield was about 7·8 Mg ha?1 at that time.

The top-dressing at the panicle formation stage was effective to raise the yield and the top-dressing at the full heading stage was effective to raise the grain protein content. It is recommended that the amount of applied nitrogen should be 160 kg ha?1 until the flag leaf stage, and additional nitrogen should be applied at the full heading stage to obtain a grain protein content of more than 120 g kg?1. Nutritional diagnosis at the full heading stage will be necessary to determine whether more nitrogen is needed to achieve the required protein content.

When the amount of total applied nitrogen did not exceed 220 kg ha?1, the amount of absorbed nitrogen was over 90% of applied nitrogen, and there was little inorganic nitrogen in the soil after harvest. Therefore, it was considered that the residue of nitrogen in the soil was small within 220 kg ha?1 of nitrogen application, while favorable growth and high yield were obtained.