辣椒热风干燥特性的研究(简报)

为了为辣椒热风干燥及设备参数的调整提供理论依据,该文对辣椒进行热风干燥试验,研究其在不同热风温度、风速和装载厚度条件下的热风干燥特性.分析试验得出的不同条件下的干燥特性曲线,然后运用Marlab软件对散点图进行有效拟合,并将其转化成干燥速率曲线.结果表明:温度对辣椒干燥的影响最大,其次为风速和装载厚度;辣椒的干燥过程在初期的大多数时间内处于恒速干燥阶段,然后则处于缓慢降速干燥阶段.     

不同干燥方式对全蛋粉冲调性能的影响

为提高全蛋粉的品质和冲调性能,采用热风干燥,真空冷冻干燥、微波干燥、喷雾干燥和红外干燥对鲜蛋液进行干燥制粉,研究不同干燥方式对全蛋粉营养成分和润湿下沉性、水合能力、溶解指数、结块率及稳定系数等冲调性能关键评价指标的影响.结果表明:喷雾干燥全蛋粉的营养成分保留率最高,冲调性能最好,其中润湿下沉时间为198.24 s、水合...     

膨化温度对冬枣变温压差膨化干燥特性的影响

为探索冬枣变温压差膨化干燥过程中水分的变化规律,研究了不同膨化温度对冬枣变温压差膨化干燥特性的影响,并建立了变温压差膨化干燥动力学模型.试验结果表明:变温压差膨化干燥过程分为快速干燥、恒速干燥和减速干燥3个阶段,含水率在50％左右时进入恒速干燥阶段,40％后开始减速干燥过程,干燥过程大部分处于降速阶段;不同膨化温度下的...     

Short term soil priming effects and the mineralisation of biochar following its incorporation to soils of different pH

The aim of this work was to determine the magnitude of the priming effect, i.e. short-term changes in the rate (negative or positive) of mineralisation of native soil organic carbon (C), following addition of biochars. The biochars were made from Miscanthus giganteus, a C4 plant, naturally enriched with ¹³C. The biochars were produced at 350 °C (biochar350) and 700 °C (biochar700) and applied with and without ryegrass as a substrate to a clay-loam soil at pH 3.7 and 7.6. A secondary aim was to determine the effect of ryegrass addition on the mineralisation of the two biochars.After 87 days, biochar350 addition caused priming effects equivalent to 250 and 319 μg CO₂-C g⁻¹ soil, in the low and high pH soil, respectively. The largest priming effects occurred at the start of the incubations. The size of the priming effect was decreased at higher biochar pyrolysis temperatures, which may be a way of controlling priming effects following biochar incorporation to soil, if desired. The priming effect was probably induced by the water soluble components of the biochar. At 87 days of incubation, 0.14% and 0.18% of biochar700 and 0.61% and 0.84% of biochar350 were mineralized in the low and high pH soil, respectively. Ryegrass addition gave an increased biochar350 mineralisation of 33% and 40%, and increased biochar700 at 137% and 70%, in the low and high pH soils, respectively. Certainly, on the basis of our results, if biochar is used to sequester carbon a priming effect may occur, increasing CO₂-C evolved from soil and decreasing soil organic C. However, this will be more than compensated for by the increased soil C caused by biochar incorporation. A similar conclusion holds for accelerated mineralisation of biochar due to incorporation of fresh labile substrates. We consider that our results are the first to unequivocally demonstrate the initiation, progress and termination of a true positive priming effect by biochar on native soil organic C.     

北方粳高粱微波干燥特性试验与仿真分析*

为明确微波干燥条件对高粱含水率和籽粒温度等干燥特性的影响,以粳高粱“龙杂10”为原料,在隧道式微波干燥机上进行连续式干燥试验。并利用HFSS软件仿真分析试验用干燥机的磁控管排布方式和微波作用距离对高粱干燥均匀性的影响。结果表明:随着单位质量功率在2~6 W/g范围内逐渐增加,含水率下降幅度先加快后渐缓,籽粒温度有所下降;每循环干燥时间在1.02~5.0 min范围内逐渐增加,含水率下降幅度显著增强,籽粒温度增加显著;排湿风速在0.0~2.0 m/s范围增加,含水率下降幅度有减小趋势,籽粒温度略有下降。仿真分析表明干燥机磁控管采用“三二三排布方式”、微波作用距离为250 mm时电磁场分布的均匀性更好,从理论上表明本试验采用的隧道式微波干燥机对高粱干燥均匀性是有利的。研究结果将为高粱微波干燥产业化应用提供理论和数据支持。     

金针菇充N_2降O_2干燥优化试验

采用自行设计的小型气调干燥实验设备,分别以N2、CO2置换部分空气作为干燥介质对金针菇进行对比干制试验,分析了不同状态气体对金针菇干制品质量的影响.结果表明,在干燥室气体O2含量相同的状况下,充N2降O2干燥的产品质量最好.此外,还对金针菇充N2降O2干燥进行优化试验.     

WJK-2型微机木材干燥监控系统的研制

该文介绍了ＷＪＫ ２型微机木材干燥监控系统的硬件结构原理和软件系统．该监控系统由ＭＣＳ ５１单片微计算机、Ｉ／Ｏ接口、传感器等组成．其结构简练，功能齐全，能对木材干燥过程中的各参数进行在线测量，并能根据所选定的工艺基准对木材干燥的全过程进行自动监测和控制，使其按最佳化的工艺进行     

丸粒化玉米种子的薄层干燥试验研究

利用丸粒化玉米种子干燥试验装置，研究了风温、风速、加热时间对丸粒化玉米种子干燥速率的影响。同时，采用正交试验方法，对丸粒化玉米种子进行了三因素三水平干燥试验，并建立了干燥特性曲线，分析了各试验因素对干燥特性的影响。结果表明：风温越高，风速越大，加热时间越长，干燥速度越快。     

稻谷动平衡含水率试验研究

针对华南地区高湿稻谷，试验研究了稻谷的薄层干燥特性，根据薄层干燥特性曲线，得到稻谷的动平衡含水率，并用Bala模型较好地拟合了试验数据。     

真空冷冻干燥在中草药加工中的应用

介绍了中草药真空冷冻干燥的原理和干燥过程中各阶段的工艺流程；给出了控制中草药质量降解的反应模型，以及反应阶数、速度常数、模型参数的确定方法；指出真空冷冻技术应用中草药干燥能有效地避免传统干燥方法所造成的或草药性味劣变、药用有效成分损失等缺陷，并针对目前生产成本高等问题进行了探讨，分析了中草药真空冷冻干燥市场发展的前景。