日本大耳白兔TLR3部分cDNA克隆及mRNA在组织中的分布

采用RT—PCR技术从日本大耳白兔的脾脏组织克隆出兔的Toll样受体基因3（命名为。TLR3）,并对其mRNA在兔的17种组织中的分布情况进行了检测。结果显示,RTLR3核苷酸序列与GenBank中登载的穴兔（Oryctolagus cuniculus）TLR3序列（登录号：NM_001082219）相似性为100％;兔的胸腺、脾脏、睾丸等14种组织中检测出TLR3 mRNA的转录产物,而在骨骼、胃和皮肤中未能发现。推导的氨基酸序列同源性比对表明,兔TLR3与人、野猪、牛、猫、褐鼠等动物的同源性最高,为80％-85％;与原鸡同源性次之,为61％;与草鱼、绿河豚等同源性在45％～48％之间;系统进化树分析表明,兔TLR3与马的亲缘关系最接近,与猪、人／绵羊、牛、猩猩／猫的亲缘关系依次渐远,与鼠的亲缘关系最远。可见,TLR3在不同种属动物及不同组织中所起的作用具有生物多样性。     

Direct impacts of recent climate warming on insect populations

Effects of recent climate change have already been detected in many species, and, in particular, in insects. The present paper reviews the key impacts of global warming on insect development and dispersal. The effects of climate change appear to be much more complex than a simple linear response to an average increase in temperature. They can differ between seasons and bioclimatic regions. Earlier flight periods, enhanced winter survival and acceleration of development rates are the major insect responses. Differential response of insects and hosts to warming up might also lead to disruption of their phenological synchrony, but adaptive genetic processes are likely to quickly restore this synchrony. In a number of cases, warming results in removing or relocating the barriers that limit present species' ranges. It is also likely to facilitate the establishment and spread of invasive alien species. Finally, knowledge gaps are identified and future research interests are suggested.     

合作社模式下农企利益联结机制研究——基于印度古吉拉特邦合作社牛奶销售联盟有限公司的案例分析

我国奶牛养殖加工利益联结不紧,从根本上制约着奶业健康发展。为充分借鉴国际大型奶业企业构建利益联结机制的经验,该研究基于世界奶业20强企业之一——古吉拉特邦合作社牛奶销售联盟有限公司（Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd.,GCMMF）及其下属合作社官方网站资料信息,分析其在产品研发、产品营销、品牌策略等方面的利益创造机制及利用Amul合作模式构建利益分配机制方面的成果,提出我国应借鉴其发展经验,立足国内市场稳定奶业发展,强化中小奶农在行业的地位,发展干乳制品产业以完善产业链条。     

大骨鸡中MSTN基因表达规律性的研究

本实验以大骨鸡为试材,采用RT-PCR法检测了MSTN基因在大骨鸡不同器官、不同时间的表达情况,结果表明MSTN基因在骨骼肌中表达水平较高,在心肌、肾脏、脑、肠、舌中也有微量表达,但在肺、肝脏中未检测出MSTNmRNA,而且在14日龄时表达水平明显低于35日龄和56日龄,而且在孵化后一周时胸肌中MSTN基因的表达水平达到最低。     

气候变化对青藏高原高寒草甸适宜气候分布范围的潜在影响

为确定气候变化对高寒草甸分布范围的影响,以Holdridge生命地带性分类系统,采用A1、A2、B1、B2气候变化情景,分析了气候变化对我国高寒草甸潜在适宜气候分布范围的影响.结果显示:气候变化下,高寒草甸基准情景下适宜气候分布范围将减少,新适宜气候分布范围将增加,总的适宜气候分布范围变化不大,其中A1、A2情景下变化较大,B1、B2气候情景下变化较小;高寒草甸在基准情景下适宜气候分布范围的最小、最大值与中位数都将减少,新适宜气候扩展范围的最小、最大值与中位数将增加,总的适宜气候分布范围的最小、最大值与中位数变化不大;高寒草甸基准情景下适宜气候分布区南部范围将缩小,新的适宜气候分布范围将主要朝西部和西北部方向扩展,其中A1情景下变化最大,B1情景下变化较小;高寒草甸基准情景下适宜气候分布范围和新的适宜气候分布范围与我国年均气温变化和年降水量变化呈现正相关性.从而预测,气候变化使高寒草甸在基准情景下的气候分布范围将减小,新的适宜分布范围将扩大,空间分布格局将发生改变.     

Review of African swine fever outbreaks history in South Africa: From 1926 to 2018

The article reviews the outbreaks and distribution of African swine fever (ASF) in South Africa since the first probable outbreak that occurred in the Koedoesrand Ward in 1926. Retrospective data on the ASF outbreaks in South Africa were obtained from the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) disease database and the South African veterinary services annual reports in addition to published articles and online sources. South Africa has experienced many outbreaks that can be divided into 2 time periods: the period before the development of the OIE diseases database (1993) and the period after. More than 141 outbreaks of ASF were reported during the first period. Since the development of OIE disease database, 72 outbreaks directly involving 2968 cases, 2187 dead and 2358 killed pigs mainly in smallholder pig farms were reported. The median number of cases for a given ASF outbreak is 17, but in 50% of outbreaks no pigs were killed for prevention. The most important ASF outbreak was reported in April 2014 in the Greater Zeerust district (North West province) involving 326 cases and 1462 killed pigs. However, the outbreak with highest mortality involving 250 pigs was reported in 2016 (Free State province). According to phylogenetic analysis, nine p72 genotypes (I, III, IV, VII, VIII, XIX, XX, XXI and XXII) have been identified in South Africa. Season-wise, more outbreaks were recorded during summer. It was also observed that the OIE disease database could contain errors that would have been introduced through compiled forms at country level. Spatiotemporal studies on ASF outbreaks in South Africa are therefore required in order to assess statistically and quantitatively the clustering of outbreaks over space and time.     

宁夏野生甘草分布空间异质性及分布格局研究

运用统计学中的半方差分析、分维分析和克里格插值方法对宁夏野生甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis的分布格局及其过程进行了研究.结果表明,宁夏野生甘草不同尺度空间分布的异质性不十分强烈,在整个所有尺度上受简单过程控制.分布格局在较小尺度上受随机过程控制,而在较大尺度上受自相关关系影响较大.当甘草种群间的距离在0～58 m内,样点内甘草株数与距离有自相关关系,而当甘草种群间的距离大于58 m时,样点间甘草分布的变化失去了自相关关系.甘草的克隆繁殖方式和土壤质地的空间异质性及鼠兔危害是导致甘草分布空间异质性的重要原因.     

内蒙古驼绒藜属牧草的初步研究

驼绒藜属牧草是耐旱、抗寒、高产、优质的半灌木优良牧草。各种家畜均喜采食,用于冷季补饲更为理想。内蒙古草原化荒漠及荒漠区分布有驼绒藜,干草原及荒漠草原区分布有华北驼绒藜。探讨了内蒙古驼绒藜属牧草的生态生物学特性、种类分布及利用情况、栽培要点。     

微热光电系统燃烧室内截面突变对燃烧的影响

微燃烧室是微热光电（MTPV）系统的重要组成部分。微燃烧室的外表面必须产生一个高而均匀的温度分布，以尽可能高地输出辐射能。通过对截面突变的微燃烧室的试验研究，得到了不同氢氧混合气流量、氢氧体积混合比下燃烧室内的燃烧状况，壁面和出口端面的温度分布。试验结果表明：采用截面突变的燃烧室能很好地控制火焰中心位置，获得稳定的外壁面温度分布规律，可以在截面突变处产生涡流，增强氢气和氧气的混合。     

棉花冠层叶面积的动态模拟

根据试验资料,在系统分析棉花冠层叶面积时空分布规律的基础上,充分考虑叶面积空间垂直分布的异质性,以生育期内累积的每日相对热效应为预报因子,构建了棉花叶面积垂直分布和叶面积指数的动态模拟模型。利用不同年份不同播期的试验资料对模型进行了验证,累积叶面积指数L（z）的模拟结果与1∶1直线之间的R^2和均方根误差分别为0.969和0.257,叶面积指数LAI的模拟结果与1∶1直线之间的R^2和均方根误差分别为0.936和0.305。结果说明模型具有较好的预测性和实用性。模型的模拟结果可作为冠层结构参数,用于冠层辐射传输模型和光合作用模型。