浅谈提高房地产项目环评审批效率的措施

为提高苏州高新区房地产建设项目的环评审批效率,在此分析了房地产项目的建设特点及环评审批现状,并结合相关的法律法规依据,提出合理调整环评评价内容、降低环评评价等级、提高环评审批效率的意见和建议。     

油量计量的微计算机控制

讨论了运用ＣＭＣ－８０双板机控制成品油库发油计量的原理和实现方法，该控制装置已在实际系统中使用。     

Branch mortality and potential litterfall from Douglas-fir trees in stands of varying density

Forest floor characteristics influence nutrient cycling and energy flow properties of forest ecosystems, and determine quality of habitat for many forest plants and animals. Differential crown recession and crown development among stands of differing density suggest that an opportunity may exist to control the input of fine woody litter into the system by manipulating stand density. The objective was to measure the rate of branch mortality among stands of differing density and to estimate the range in total per hectare necromass inputs. Although litter traps are reliable for estimating per hectare rates of litterfall, branch mortality dating on sectioned stems uniquely allows assessment of several other litterfall components: (1) individual tree contributions to total litterfall; (2) the amount of branch material released by mortality, regardless of whether the branches are shed to the forest floor; (3) the distribution of basal diameters characterizing the litterfall from a given tree and stand. Twenty-four trees were felled and sectioned on permanent plots that were part of a silvicultural study of stand density regimes in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco.). Whorl branches were dissected out of bole sections to determine the dates of mortality, and a branch biomass equation was applied to estimate potential rate of litterfall. Periodic annual rates were expressed in four ways: (1) number of branches per tree; (2) mass of branches per tree; (3) mass of branches per unit of crown projection area; (4) mass of branches per hectare. For the growth periods investigated, larger trees and trees growing on denser plots tended to release a greater necromass through branch mortality. Average branch basal diameter generally decreased with increasing stand density. Annual branch mortality ranged from 33 to 430 g m⁻² crown projection area for individual trees, and from 236 to 1035 kg ha⁻¹ for individual plots. These rates approached the low end of the range of previously published fine litterfall rates for Douglas-fir. Rates on these plots were relatively low owing to the temporary delay in crown recession imposed by artificial thinning. A conceptual model of branch litter dynamics is presented to depict consistencies with crown development among stands managed under different density regimes.     

广西规模化猪场2种主要排污模式的指标测定

应用常规的化学分析技术,测定了广西地区具有代表性的2个规模化猪场不同污水处理阶段的污染物含量,并与国家排放标准进行比较,研究每个处理环节污染指数的变化,从而为畜牧养殖业节能减排采取针对性的整改措施提供参考。污染物指标包括:悬浮物(SS)、氨氮(NH3-N)、五日生化需氧量(BOD5)和化学耗氧量(CODcr)。结果表明,2个规模化猪场排出的污水经过一定的污水处理工艺后,猪场1排放的污水不达标,猪场2排放的污水达标;植物塘对污水有明显的净化作用;沉淀调节池和二沉池环节都能有效降低悬浮物(SS)的指标。     

气阻致输油泵机械密封过热失效分析与对策

西部管道乌鲁木齐输油首站成品油主泵启输及运行中多次出现机械密封泄漏油气油烟的过热失效现象。针对该问题,通过对机械密封失效现象的观察、气阻机理的探讨以及对气阻和杂质堵塞致机械密封失效的现象和原因进行对比分析,确定了气阻是导致机械密封过热失效泄漏油气油烟的主因。同时,提出了机械密封过热失效的解决方法,包括：启泵前需要反复多次对泵腔灌泵以充分排气;运行过程中若发现机械密封压盖及冲洗冷却循环管路快速升温发烫,则应立即在不停泵的状态下缓开泵腔排气阀排气。相关经验可为输油站现场避免发生此类问题提供实践依据。（图2,参6）     

龙羊峡水库年末水位控制与汛期弃水研究

【目的】合理控制龙羊峡水库年末(水文年年末,6月末)运行水位,为安全高效利用龙羊峡水库和保障黄河水资源综合利用效益提供参考。【方法】通过逐步回归分析方法,率定龙羊峡水库年末水位关键影响因子;建立BP神经网络预测模型,通过反推法确定龙羊峡水库年末消落水位下限;引入水库临界弃水概率的概念及计算公式,通过控制汛期临界弃水概率确定龙羊峡水库年末消落水位上限。【结果】龙羊峡水库年末消落水位关键影响因子为当年入库水量、年初水位、次年入库水量和当年黄河干流用水量;当年年末水位不低于死水位且汛期弃水概率在10%以内时,龙羊峡水库合理的年末水位应控制在2 575.0~2 576.5m。【结论】通过BP神经网络模型对水库年末消落水位的预测控制,并结合水库汛期临界弃水概率指导水库汛期防洪,可在防洪安全的基础上有效地提高水库的发电效益。     

Floodplains of a regulated southern alpine river (Brenno,Switzerland): ecological assessment and conservation options

• 1. The fifth‐order southern alpine Brenno River and its floodplains are severely impaired by embankments, water abstractions and the construction of dams for hydropower generation. The river's annual mean discharge is reduced to 27% of the natural flow and the number of small (50–100 m³ s^?1) and medium‐sized (101–150 m³ s^?1) floods is reduced significantly.
• 2. Lateral hydrological connectivity has decreased strongly as a result of the flow regulation, whereas the significance of vertical connectivity has increased. The remnants of the middle and lower floodplains still contain springbrooks, ponds, and intermittently connected channels, which are all sustained by emerging groundwater.
• 3. Aquatic floodplain habitats can be classified partially by faunal composition. The lotic/lentic gradient appears to be a dominant compound factor structuring invertebrate assemblages when considering all aquatic habitats. The exfiltration of groundwater in conjunction with a reduced lateral connectivity enables the occurrence of many stenotopic species.
• 4. A comparison of present floodplains with those shown on historical maps shows that the fluvial landscape has changed markedly. The proportions of functional floodplain units characterized by autogenic succession and trends to late successional stages (i.e. senescence) have increased.
• 5. Floodplains of the Brenno river are still considered to represent important ecological areas and they are protected by law. Whilst the legislative protection of floodplains is the basis for conservation, this does not include the restoration of driving hydrological processes. An annual release of small‐ and medium‐sized floods could generate a diversity of disturbances, thereby promoting rejuvenation and counteracting senescence.
• 6. Alternative conservation options that circumvent ongoing contracts of water use, though generally promising, are limited because of the operation of hydropower schemes. At present the exfiltrations of groundwater mitigate the impacts of flow regulation on the ecological integrity of the floodplains.

Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国畜禽温室气体排放量估算

为探明中国畜禽温室气体排放量及其趋势,该研究在政府间气候变化专家委员会（IPCC,2006）最新公布的畜禽温室气体排放系数和计算方法的基础上,结合中国畜牧业发展实际,估算了全国2000－2007年和各省区2007年畜禽温室气体的排放量。结果表明,全国年平均排放甲烷总量1 002.7万t,氧化亚氮总量57.7万t;2000－2007年期间全国畜禽温室气体排放量总体呈下降的趋势,黄牛甲烷排放量最大,生猪氧化亚氮排放量最大;各省区畜禽温室气体排放量呈现区域集中特点,居前2位的是四川省和河南省。要减少中国畜禽温室     

新疆砾石地葡萄滴灌带合理设计及布设参数的数值分析

为了摸清新疆含砾石复杂土壤条件下土壤水分运动规律,优化葡萄滴灌系统设计中的各项设计参数及合理布设,该文通过田间交汇试验确定合适的滴头间距为30 cm,并借助Hydrus-2D数值模型确定了土壤水力参数,同时运用该数值模型模拟了不同滴头流量和滴灌带水平间距布设形式下地表滴灌土壤水分分布特征。根据土壤湿润体特征结合葡萄根系分布规律,确定新疆砾石地葡萄滴灌系统合理的滴头流量为2.5～3.0 L/h,滴灌带水平间距为60 cm。该结果可为新疆砾石地复杂土壤葡萄滴灌系统的科学设计和田间合理布设提供参考。     

利用比阻测算管路流量

在有压管路供水时，为了节约用水，合理分配，往往要进行水的量测。利用比阻测算管路流量是一种测量简单、计算方便的测量方法。