A Hilbert fractal antenna and portable monitoring system for partial discharge detection in gas insulated substations

We design a third Hilbert fractal antenna for partial discharge (PD) monitoring in gas insulated substations (GIS) based on fractal principles, and analyze the Hilbert antenna impedance characteristics using an equivalent inductance method of parallel transmission lines. The PD experiment of metal protrusion defect is conducted employing fractal and microstrip antennae. The test results show that the characteristic of the Hilbert fractal antenna has good performance and can detect the PD signal for online monitoring in GIS. A portable online monitoring and locating system for GIS is established using the Hilbert fractal antenna and LabVIEW. The locating accuracy of the PD source in the laboratory meets the requirements of the PD site location.     

Statistical characteristics analysis of partial discharge in high voltage cable joint

Four typical physical models for the internal insulation defects of 110kV cable joint are designed, while the test platform for Partial Discharges (PD) research on cable joint is constructed. A large number of PD data under different models are obtained by inner broadband ring sensor. The statistical analysis on the PD pattern indicates that there are significant differences between four PD forms on the statistical characteristics such as the phase distribution, skewness, kurtosis and degree of asymmetry, which can be used as effective features to reflect different characteristics of PD. Surface discharge and conductive particles may cause more serious damage to the insulation performance of cable joint, so high precaution should be paid on site operation.     

城郊农村生活污水排放现状分析及对策研究

我国农村生活污水排放正处于无序状态,直排、乱排现象普遍,严重制约着新农村建设的进程.通过对上海市某区城郊部分农村生活污水排放和处理现状的调查,分析产生这些问题的原因,提出治理农村生活污水的对策建议.     

电算法在引水式水电站闸坝取水枢纽泄洪消能设计中的研究与应用

通过对闸坝枢纽泄洪建筑物下游消能的各种影响因素的分析,综合考虑泄洪建筑物泄洪时对下游河床冲刷严重的问题,结合低水头闸坝枢纽一般采用的底流消能方式,提出了在传统设计方法的基础上编制电算程序的设计方案,用试算法确定了坝闸下游消能的最不利工况,并将其结果应用到程序中,对其实用性和有效性进行了验证.结果表明:该电算法能使低水头...     

小功率管式臭氧发生器电源与定时控制设计

介绍了用于果蔬保鲜的小功率管式电晕放电型臭氧发生器电源电路利用电晕放电原理产生臭氧（O3）的工作过程。根据臭氧发生管放电极的空间布局上的特点,设计双变压器回路给予供电,并辅以STC89C52RC单片机控制电路,实现定时可控功能。该设计克服了传统果蔬保鲜臭氧发生器电源模块庞大的缺点,并根据臭氧发生器的机械结构特点设计了合适的电路板,使电源模块体积减小,节省了安装空间。     

Nutrients balance for improvement of phytoremediation ability of teak seedlings (Tectona grandis)

As a green technique, plant-based remediation systems can be used to remove nitrogen (N) pollutants from N-rich wastewaters. However, the excess amount of N and shortage of other nutrients in this system limits the plant growth and affects the plant remediation efficiency. In this study, the effect of adding phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) to the N-enriched wastewater on growth and N-removal efficiency of teak seedlings (Tectona grandis) was evaluated. Twelve ratios of N:P:K were applied to teak seedlings and the related effects were compared with those in control solution containing only N. The results indicated that a ratio of 1N:0.5P:1K increased dry matter accumulation in teak seedlings by improving the balance of nutrients in plants. Teak seedlings grown in nutritionally-improved system eliminated 33.8% N more than those grown in only N solution. The water loss through plant uptake was also enhanced in the improved system up to 56%.     

DBD耦合针铁矿降解苯模拟废气

采用双介质阻挡放电(DBD)研究针铁矿煅烧温度、负载量、输入能量、停留时间、初始浓度及湿度对等离子体催化降解苯的影响,分析降解产物及碳氧化物选择性,并对降解机理进行探究。研究表明,在该等离子体发生装置下,最佳条件为煅烧温度350℃、负载量4.0%、停留时间1.408 s、相对湿度70%左右。在输入能量为1 242 J/L、初始浓度为400 mg/m~3时,相对单独DBD,针铁矿的加入将苯的降解率从62.00%提升至73.36%,臭氧浓度从132.8 mg/m~3降至36.8 mg/m~3,碳氧化物选择性从67.13%提升至82.14%,出口NO_2浓度从7.95 mg/m~3降低至1.70 mg/m~3。利用FT-IR、GC-MS分析降解产物,发现最终产物主要为CO_2、CO、O_3、微量NO_2及少量硝基苯酚、苯醌等。     

基于SWAT模型的内蒙古闪电河流域径流模拟研究

以内蒙古闪电河流域为研究对象,采用分布式水文模型SWAT对闪电河流域水文过程进行模拟,模型采用1962～1975年月径流资料进行参数率定,将1986-2001年作为模型的检验期对模型的适用性进行评估。结果表明:实测与模拟的逐月流量总体较为接近,率定期和验证期的Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数均大于0.60,实测与模拟的月流量之间的相关系数在0.65以上,率定期的多年平均相对误差小于5%。由于人类活动的影响,验证期的模拟误差相对较大,超过12%。总体来看,SWAT模型参数经多次率定之后,能够较好地模拟干旱半干旱地区的径流过程,在同类地区具有一定的适用性。模拟过程中,对于降水量突然增大的月份,SWAT模型对月径流量的模拟结果往往超过实测值一倍,直接导致整个模拟过程的误差偏大。然而,模拟值与降水量在年内分配上却表现出很好的相关性,降水偏大的月份径流量敏感性大。同时,SWAT模型模拟径流结果受参数影响很大,调整融雪参数值,模拟精度在原有基础上相对提高。     

泾河张家山水文站水沙特性分析及工程实例

为合理评价和利用多沙河流水资源,基于张家山水文站1956年-2009年逐日降水量、径流量、输沙量和含沙量数据,分析张家山站水沙变化特征。各系列多年平均特征值表明:输沙量不均匀系数最大,7、8月输沙量占全年的81%;降水、径流主要集中在7-9月。统计年降水量、径流量、输沙量和含沙量分期年平均特征值,前三者时段均值呈减小趋势,含沙量时段均值波动变化。Mann-kendall秩次相关检验显示年降水量、径流量和输沙量的检验值分别为2.39、4.45、3.36,都大于0.05的置信水平,均有显著减小变化趋势。输沙模数时段均值减小,来沙系数时段均值增大。灰色相关度和双累积曲线分析表明:径流与输沙量、降水量相关性较好,径流与输沙量关联度为0.64,比径流与降水的关联度0.62稍大。最后,探讨泾恵渠渠首排沙闸工程,泾恵渠引水合理沙限为15%,排沙闸适宜排沙流量为200m3/s。研究结果可为泾惠渠渠首改建工程设计提供参考。     

Effects of changes in land use and land cover on sediment discharge of runoff in a typical watershed in the hill and gully loess region of northwest China

Land use plays a much more important role than other factors, such as climate, soil properties, topographic features, vegetation coverage, human activities and others, in affecting soil erosion and sediment discharge. In order to understand the effects of changes in land use on sediment discharge and to provide a theoretical basis for land use planning, management and ecological restoration, we used the controlled Qiaozidong watershed and the uncontrolled Qiaozixi watershed in the third sub-region of the Loess Plateau as examples and analyzed the effects of land use and land cover on the discharge of sediments. The results show that the impact of land use and land cover on the annual amount of sediment discharge is significant. Compared with the uncontrolled watershed during similar periods, the amount of sediment discharged from the controlled watershed was reduced by 44%, 75% and 86%, respectively, in wet, normal and dry years. In the controlled watershed, compared with the period from 1986 to 1994, the amount of sediments discharged was less during the period from 1995 to 2004. The impact of land use and land cover on sediment discharge demonstrated characteristics of seasonal fluctuation. The effects of sediment reduction in the controlled watershed were greater than those in the uncontrolled watershed in May and September. In the controlled watershed, the reduction effect coincided with the distribution of rainfall. The amount of discharged flood sediments is closely correlated with rainfall, rainfall intensity in a 60 min period and the volume of flood. The rainstorm-runoff process and the rainstorm-sediment discharge process demonstrate that land cover has a strong regulatory and control function in the flood process and sediment discharge in rainstorms. For the controlled watershed, given the same precipitation frequency distribution, the average amount of sediment discharged during the land use period from 1995 to 2004 was less than that during the earlier land use period from 1986 to 1994 under every recurrent period. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2007, 29(6): 115–122 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]