承德山地无公害绿色果品生产技术

根据无公害绿色果品的生产要求,结合承德山地果园特点,提出了承德山地生产无公害绿色果品的配套技术,以期指导当地果品生产.     

An evaluation of the pesera soil erosion model and its application to a case study in Zakynthos, Greece

Abstract. The Pan‐European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment (pesera ) model was evaluated using existing soil erosion data collected under various types of climate, vegetation, landscape and soil conditions. The data used represent a variety of typical Mediterranean land uses such as winter wheat, vines, olives and bare, stony land prevailing in hilly areas. Using this data, the model was calibrated for sediment transport by overland flow and results compared to measured soil erosion values from runoff plots and a watershed on a monthly basis. The performance of the model was assessed statistically, showing that it can be satisfactorily used for predicting soil erosion rates under the conditions included in the study. The overall model estimate including all the available experimental data was 0.69 t ha^?1 yr^?1 with a maximum error of 1.49 t ha^?1 yr^?1. After validation, the model was applied to a small watershed (60 ha) of great ecological importance for the sea turtle Caretta caretta. For this purpose, soil and vegetation maps were compiled from all the necessary data for applying the model. The model was run for three years using daily data from an existing nearby meteorological station. The predicted and measured soil erosion rates for a 7‐month period were 0.31 t and 0.18 t, respectively. Application of the model to each mapping unit showed the over‐riding importance of land use for sediment generation under the given climatic conditions. Bare land, occupying 5.5% of the watershed area, generated up to 69% of the total sediments estimated for the watershed. It is concluded that the pesera model can be used as a regional diagnostic tool under a range of soil, topographic and climatic conditions for identifying the best land use type and vegetation cover to protect hilly areas from soil erosion. The calculated overall root mean square error for the model is 0.06 t ha^?1 yr^?1, compared to a soil erosion rate of 0.04 t ha^?1 yr^?1, which can be tolerated for protecting the area for the sea turtle.     

大豆高产理想株型的构成

根据大豆理想株型的概念，分析了大豆的主要生理性状和形态性状与产量的关系，并提出了大豆高产理想株型的合理构成，以期为大豆育种的田间选择和株型育种提供理论依据和实践指导。     

四川省退耕还林模式初探

根据自然地理分异规律、社会经济技术原理、生态学原理,分析了四川省的水土流失概况,提出了川中丘陵、盆周山地区、川西南干热干旱河谷区、川西北高山高原区的退耕还林模式。     

遏制建设工程违法征占用林地对策的几点思考

以妥善解决“治理与破坏相持阶段”林地保护管理中存在的问题为切入点,重点探讨控制、规范建设工程征占用林地的对策。     

GIS在生态土地分类中的作用

This paper depicted the physiographic landscape features and natural vegetation situation of study area (the eastern Jilin Province), and expatiates the definition, basic characters and its development of Ecological Land Classification (ELC). Based on the combination of relief map, satellite photography for study area and vegetation inventory data of 480 sample sites, a 5-class and a 15-class ecological land type map was concluded according to 4 important factors including slope, aspect, vegetation and elevation. Ecological Classification System (ECS) is a method to identify, characterize, and map ecosystems. The Ecological Land Type (ELT) was examined and applied initially in eastern Jilin Province. Foundation item: This paper was supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences “100 people” project and the Open Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystem. Biography: XIAO Bao-ying (1974-), female, postgraduate in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

藏北地区草地资源及其合理利用

本文论述了藏北地区草地资源的类型、数量、分布和载畜潜力，分析了存在的主要问题的继续发展的基本因素，提出了挖掘资源潜力、实行季节性畜徼业、增加草地投入等具体措施。     

杉木林地套种绿肥筛选初报

收集了三十种绿肥,在杉木当年造林地上进行套种试验,根据其生长状况、生物量、覆盖度及对杉木生长的影响,把供试绿肥分成三类,初步筛选出羽扁豆、决明豆、日木草为适宜杉木林地种植的林用绿肥。同时对今后林用绿肥的选择提出了有益的建议。     

草地类型梯度分析

紫泥泉地区位于天山北坡低山带，具有代表性的冬春秋放牧场。本文应用数量分类（ＴＷＩＮＳＰＡＮ）、排序（ＤＣＡ）和回归分析方法研究了草地类型的分类及其分布的梯度规律。研究结果表明：该地区的草地类型按传统分类划分出１８个型，ＴＷＩＮＳＰＡＮ分类结合ＤＣＡ排序归纳出８个型，其中６个型为地带性草地类型，２个型为非地带性草池类型；地带性草地类型沿水热梯度分布，非地带性草地类型沿质地梯度分布。     

盈江县沙化土地的综合治理

山高坡陡，切割强烈；降水丰富，降水年内分配不均；土层深厚，土体疏松等是盈江县沙化土地形成的主要自然因素。森林植被遭到破坏，坡耕地面积逐年增加等是盈江县沙化土地形成的主要人为因素。盈江县现有沙化土地面积2520.5hm^2，有流动沙地、兰固定沙地、固定沙地、沙改田4个沙化土地类型。通过长期的治理，沙化土地各类型面积及利用状况发生明显变化，总体发展趋势呈现逆转，沙化土地得到有效利用。今后需以治理水土流失为中心，采取生物措施、工程措施、农业措施相结合，开发利用并举的综合治理措施。