Inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to the epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by sodium oxalate in canine renal epithelial cells

High oxalate consumption has been recognized as a risk factor for renal calcium oxalate stones in companion animals (dogs and cats). However, the cellular signaling involved in oxalate-induced dysfunction in renal tubular epithelial cells remains not fully elucidated. In this study, Mardin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, an epithelial cell line derived from canine kidney tubule, were tested for cell proliferation activity and barrier function after being exposed to sodium oxalate (NaOx). Further, the involvement of Wnt/β-catenin in NaOx-induced renal epithelial barrier dysfunction was evaluated. MDCK cells treated with NaOx exhibited reduction in cell proliferation and migration. Besides, NaOx exposure led to a decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance and an increase in paracellular permeability. The deleterious effects of NaOx on epithelial barrier function were related to the suppressed abundance of tight junction proteins including zonula occludens, occludin, and claudin-1. Of note, protein levels of β-catenin and phosphorylated (p)-β-catenin (Ser552) in MDCK cells were repressed by NaOx, indicating inhibitory effects on Wnt/β-catenin signaling. An inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) by SB216763 enhanced the abundance of β-catenin and p-β-catenin (Ser552), and protected against epithelial barrier dysfunction in NaOx-treated MDCK cells. The results revealed a critical role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the epithelial barrier function of MDCK cells. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of oxalate-linked renal stones.     

高性能阻隔膜对新制蒸汽压片玉米储存过程防霉效果的研究

本试验利用普通隔膜和高性能阻隔膜材料储存新制蒸汽压片玉米,检测不同保存时间点蒸汽压片玉米的霉变情况,探讨利用高性能阻隔膜储存新制蒸汽压片玉米的可行性。试验以不密封的普通隔膜储存新制蒸汽压片玉米为未密封普通隔膜组,以密封的普通隔膜储存新制蒸汽压片玉米为密封普通隔膜组,以密封的高性能阻隔膜储存新制蒸汽压片玉米为高阻隔膜组。将各组新制蒸汽压片玉米分别在储存0、7、14、21、28、42、56 d后取出,进行感官评价并测定其化学成分含量、脂肪酸值及黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)和呕吐毒素(DON)含量。结果表明:1)随着储存时间的延长,未密封普通隔膜组和密封普通隔膜组相继出现霉变现象,高阻隔膜组储存至56 d时尚未出现霉变现象。2)随着储存天数的增加,不同膜处理的蒸汽压片玉米的粗脂肪、可溶性淀粉含量和淀粉糊化度呈降低趋势,粗灰分、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量在储存期间均没有显著变化(P0.05)。3)储存时间对蒸汽压片玉米的脂肪酸值存在极显著的影响(P0.01),高阻隔膜组蒸汽压片玉米的脂肪酸值增长最为缓慢,储存至56 d时其脂肪酸值为10.54 mg/kg。4)在储存期间,蒸汽压片玉米的AFB1、ZEA含量随储存时间延长呈显著上升趋势(P0.05),各组呕吐毒素含量没有显著差异(P0.05);储存至56 d时,未密封普通隔膜组、密封普通隔膜组、高阻隔膜组的AFB1、ZEA和DON含量分别为1.03、0.73、0.01μg/L,181.13、170.49、148.19μg/L和1.23、1.23、1.20μg/m L。由此可见,高性能阻隔膜能够有效抑制霉菌生长,延缓脂肪酸败,使新制蒸汽压片玉米安全储存至56 d。     

泥石流入汇主河淤积规律的水槽试验研究

以试验为基础,研究了泥石流入汇主河后淤积规律,主要探讨了淤积量及淤积分布问题。通过试验分析认为,泥石流入汇主河后的淤积量基本随流量比的增大而增大,就其淤积速率而言,有先增大后减小的变化规律。淤积量在流量比大约为0.5时出现峰值,在流量比为0.65时出现谷值,淤积量与流量比关系变化曲线以倾斜向上的直线为对称轴,呈倾斜向上的正弦波形。各工况下淤积范围基本不变,但试验中反映出,淤积范围有随交汇角增大而增大的趋势。     

Passage of sediment through flumes and over weirs

This paper reports on laboratory research on the sediment passagecapability through long-throated flumes and broad-crested weirs withwhich the Froude number in the approach channel does not exceed 0.6over a distance of about 20 times the water depth upstream of thestructure. Design rules are given for any combination of flume or weirin combination with any channel.     

Analysis on the ultrasonic online location for partial discharge in the stator winding of generator

The propagation characteristics of the partial discharge’s ultrasonic signal in the stator of generator and the difference between the ultrasonic signal and the running background noise are analyzed with experiments. Ultrasonic online location for partial discharge is proven to be feasible. For non blind area monitoring, the stator is divided into several equal parts. Locating equations are established with electroacoustic detection method and optimized with genetic algorithm. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method of ultrasonic online location for the partial discharge in the stator of generator is correct.     

Alpine and Apennine barriers determining the differentiation of the rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus L.) in the Italian peninsula

Abstract –  A phylogeographic study of rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus L. (Pisces: cyprinidae) was addressed to determine the differentiation of Italian populations in relation to the presence of mountain barriers, which identify two biogeographic districts (Padano-Venetian, Tuscano-Latium). At this scope, 409 bp long sequences of mtDNa cytochrome b gene were obtained from Italian and central European samples. Italian rudds phylogeny showed low level of divergence which although resulted from the central European haplotypes. The genetic structure of haplotypes in the studied districts revealed a significant recent fragmentation event. The Padano-Venetian populations showed patterns of past range expansion caused by the specie dispersion by river connections occurred during Pleistocene. This pattern provides evidence for (i) the role of Alps as a barrier for rudd dispersion; (ii) a significant genetic structure among the studied districts related to recent isolation events by the Apennine barrier; (iii) the role of Pleistocene sea level variations in determining phylogeography of the Padano-Venetian populations.     

黄土高原小流域雨水资源化环境效应分析

水土流失和干旱缺水是黄土高原经济落后和生态环境恶化的主要原因。雨水资源化是解决或减缓水土流失和干旱缺水的有效途径。将雨水利用的方式归纳为雨水就地拦蓄利用、覆盖抑制蒸发、雨水富集叠加异地利用3种方式。分析了雨水资源化对水文环境和土壤环境的影响。不同的雨水利用措施都能在一定程度上调节和控制水文过程,改善流域的水质,减少土壤的非点源污染,提高土壤的质量,提高土壤的含水率;而人工林草植被不同程度地减少了土壤含水率,覆盖措施可以延长水在土壤水库中的集蓄时间。     

Effects of changes in land use and land cover on sediment discharge of runoff in a typical watershed in the hill and gully loess region of northwest China

Land use plays a much more important role than other factors, such as climate, soil properties, topographic features, vegetation coverage, human activities and others, in affecting soil erosion and sediment discharge. In order to understand the effects of changes in land use on sediment discharge and to provide a theoretical basis for land use planning, management and ecological restoration, we used the controlled Qiaozidong watershed and the uncontrolled Qiaozixi watershed in the third sub-region of the Loess Plateau as examples and analyzed the effects of land use and land cover on the discharge of sediments. The results show that the impact of land use and land cover on the annual amount of sediment discharge is significant. Compared with the uncontrolled watershed during similar periods, the amount of sediment discharged from the controlled watershed was reduced by 44%, 75% and 86%, respectively, in wet, normal and dry years. In the controlled watershed, compared with the period from 1986 to 1994, the amount of sediments discharged was less during the period from 1995 to 2004. The impact of land use and land cover on sediment discharge demonstrated characteristics of seasonal fluctuation. The effects of sediment reduction in the controlled watershed were greater than those in the uncontrolled watershed in May and September. In the controlled watershed, the reduction effect coincided with the distribution of rainfall. The amount of discharged flood sediments is closely correlated with rainfall, rainfall intensity in a 60 min period and the volume of flood. The rainstorm-runoff process and the rainstorm-sediment discharge process demonstrate that land cover has a strong regulatory and control function in the flood process and sediment discharge in rainstorms. For the controlled watershed, given the same precipitation frequency distribution, the average amount of sediment discharged during the land use period from 1995 to 2004 was less than that during the earlier land use period from 1986 to 1994 under every recurrent period. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2007, 29(6): 115–122 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]     

沙柳集束沙障固沙技术探讨

风蚀沙埋是制约沙区人工造林成活率的主要因子之一。设置沙障是防止风蚀沙埋，提高造林成活率的主要措施。本文通过对沙区人工造林设置不同类型沙障的对比试验，筛选出沙柳集束沙障。该沙障具有明显的效益，可在高大流动沙区人工造林中加以推广。     

木聚糖衍生物及膜材料研究进展

木聚糖作为阔叶木和禾本科植物半纤维素的主要成分,因其来源广、可再生、可降解等特点,近年来成为备受关注的功能天然高分子.木聚糖基膜材料因气体阻隔性能优异、生物相容性好、环境友好等特性,在造纸、食品包装、涂层、生物医药材料领域展现出巨大的应用潜力.但是木聚糖具有水溶性和成膜性较差、膜材料极易吸湿和力学强度低等缺陷,极大地限...