海南辣椒、樱桃番茄病毒病调查及病原dot-ELISA鉴定

[目的]调查和鉴定海南省辣椒和樱桃番茄病毒病发生情况和病毒种类,明确病毒病发生为害程度及毒源种类.[方法]2018—2019年,通过5点取样法对海南省10个市县的辣椒和樱桃番茄进行病毒症状类型、发病率和病情指数统计.采集辣椒和樱桃番茄主产区病毒病样本593份,通过斑点酶联免疫吸附法(dot-ELISA)对黄瓜花叶病毒(...     

不同浓度硝基苯对水稻发芽和秧苗生长发育的影响

试验结果表明,硝基苯浓度达到27倍(0.34 mg/L)以上对水稻发芽产生明显影响,致使芽率下降.不同浓度的硝基苯对不同品种的发芽率影响不显著.随着浓度的增加,同一品种株高基本呈降低趋势,根数、叶片与对照差异显著.     

杨树生长量与滩地高程关系的研究

根据同一滩地、不同高程杨树林一个轮伐期的定位观测,杨树造林保存率和材积生长量均随滩地高程降低、淹水时间增加而减小。东南湖滩地根据其杨树宜林性分为3类:①高位滩地,适于建速生丰产林基地;②中位滩地,可作一般用材林、防浪林、抑螺林的造林;③低位滩地,一般不宜直接用于杨树造林。     

不同曝气比率对蛋白核小球藻生长的影响

通过室内控制实验,研究了不同曝气比率对蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)生长过程影响,构建了曝气比率与ODmax、μmax、Cmax的适配曲线。实验设置0%、2%、10%、20%、30%、50%、70%共计7组曝气比率,在1 000 lx光强和20℃条件下,采用BG-11培养基培养小球藻至稳定生长。结果显示,适宜的曝气能促进小球藻生长,其最适曝气比率为20%,过量曝气会抑制小球藻生长;曝气比率(x)与ODmax、Cmax、μmax拟合方程分别为:Omax=170.63x3-231.83x2+84.341x+1.8439(0x50%;R2=0.9850)、Cmax=15.844x3-19.803x2+6.8594x+0.0521(0x50%;R2=0.9285)、μmax=8.1202x3-11.428x2+4.4963x+0.1173(20%x30%;R2=0.8581);50%x70%的关系式有待进一步验证。探究不同曝气比率对小球藻生长的影响,可为其优化培养与资源化利用提供理论依据。     

Relationships among condition indices, feeding and growth of walleye in Lake Erie

Abstract  Condition indices are often used as surrogates of fish health, growth, and feeding and to compare ecological well-being among fish populations. In an effort to identify easily measured indices, growth and food consumption were compared with gonadal-somatic index, liver-somatic index (LSI), fat-somatic index and relative weight ( W _r) for ages 1–3 walleye, Sander vitreus (Mitchill), in Lake Erie from 1986 to 1988. The LSI and W _r were significantly correlated with growth rate or food consumption, but correlations were too small to be considered biologically meaningful. Furthermore, no consistent relationships between condition indices and growth or consumption were found among combinations of fish age and season. None of the indices are considered reliable surrogates for more laborious estimates of growth and food consumption for Lake Erie walleye. Significant relationships between W _r and relative abundance of key prey species warrant further investigation.     

发酵黄芪对山瑞鳖稚鳖生长性能的影响

采用单因素试验方法,研究发酵黄芪对山瑞鳖(Palea steindachneri)稚鳖生长的影响。选用960只稚鳖,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复80只。以基础饲料(幼鳖粉料)为对照组,试验组分别在基础饲料中添加0.2%、0.4%、0.6%发酵黄芪,饲养60 d。结果显示:1~#、2~#、3~#试验组稚鳖的增重率、成活率均显著高于0~#对照组(P<0.05),饲料系数显著低于0~#对照组(P<0.05);试验组之间差异不显著(P>0.05),以0.4%发酵黄芪组综合效果最好,与0~#对照组比,其均末重、成活率分别提高了31.86%、8.26%,饲料系数降低了14.58%。试验结果表明:发酵黄芪能显著促进稚鳖生长、提高成活率和饲料利用率的作用。     

Routine metabolism of larval green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris Ayres)

Routine metabolic rates of green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) from hatching to 31 days post hatch (dph) were determined under normoxic conditions. During the endogenous feeding stage that comprised period from hatching to 15 dph, the oxygen consumption rate (MO₂, μg O₂ larva⁻¹ h⁻¹) increased 5-fold before yolk reserves became exhausted and MO₂ rates steady. The allometric relationships between MO₂ and body mass had mass exponents greater than 1.0 (b=1.64±0.21) and equal to 1.0 (b=1.04±0.07) during the endogenous and exogenous feeding phases, respectively. The magnitude and changes of MO₂ rates in green sturgeon larvae reflected their early ontogeny, especially during the endogenous feeding phase when the increase in metabolic rates was associated with organogenesis, acquisition of organ functions, and the conversion of yolk sac into new tissues. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

全雄奥利亚罗非鱼的制种与应用研究

为获得全雄奥利亚罗非鱼(Oreochromis aurea),对WZ♀-ZZ♂类型的奥利亚罗非鱼采用原系(ZZ♂)与转化系(ZZ△♀)二系配套技术,控制遗传全雄鱼的性别。根据泄殖器特征对转化后的实验鱼进行性別鉴定,确定性别。对实验鱼的外部形态、内部结构进行生物学描述。统计并观察实验鱼的雄性率、生长和发育状况。总结全雄奥利亚罗非鱼在应用中的优势,以期为奥利亚罗非鱼养殖业的发展指明方向。     

An evaluation of potential diets for the culture of postpueruli spiny lobsters Panulirus argus (Palinuridae)

Provision of a suitable feed is paramount for the ongoing success of spiny lobster culture. This study compared and evaluated the performance of seven diets for first instar juvenile spiny lobster Panulirus argus [5–6 mm carapace length (CL)] based on growth rates, survival, and feed conversion ratio. Results demonstrated that a seafood-based juvenile formulation produced the fastest growth rate (3.49% weight gain day⁻¹ and 0.90% CL increase day⁻¹ over a 28-day period). These growth rates were also reflected by a low feed conversion rate (3.04) for this formulated feed. Similar results were also obtained for juveniles fed a frozen seafood diet, however, frozen brine shrimp, Artemia salina (both enriched and un-enriched), frozen enriched mysis shrimp, a dry pellet, and a meal-based juvenile formulation did not produce consistent growth rates. Survival rates ranged between 38% and 85% and demonstrate that juvenile lobsters have better likelihoods of survival in captive culture environments compared to the wild. Although further nutritional refinement is recommended, the results from this research have significant implication for the possible expansion of juvenile spiny lobster growout to a larger scale.     

叶尔羌高原鳅低温下耗氧率和窒息点的研究

试验采用流水呼吸室法和静水呼吸室法测定了叶尔羌高原鳅在低温6.5~7.5℃条件下的耗氧率和窒息点。结果表明,叶尔羌高原鳅耗氧率具有昼夜节律性,耗氧高峰在5:00左右,低谷在15:00左右,其耗氧率和窒息点随体重的增加而增加,随水温的升高而增大。叶尔羌高原鳅适应低温能力较强,适宜生长温度6~29℃,最佳生长温度8~15℃。