高钙日粮对蛋鸡生产性能及出壳雏体内锌含量的影响

生长期日粮钙>3.11%,可使蛋鸡性成熟期明显延缓,开产日龄推迟;其蛋锌及子代出壳雏血锌和多数组织锌含量明显降低,但胚胎及出壳雏鸡未见畸变.出壳雏血锌含量能反映体内锌状态,可作为其评价指标.产蛋期高钙(6.11%)或低钙(0.83%)日粮均可使产蛋性能及孵化率降低.     

锌对雏鸭外周血T-淋巴细胞的影响

15 0只 1日龄天府肉鸭健雏随机分为 3组 ,分别喂给缺锌 (每千克日粮含 Zn 2 2 .9mg)、对照 (每千克日粮含 Zn10 0 mg)和锌中毒 (每 kg日粮含 Zn130 0 mg)日粮 7周或 4周 ,以酸性 - α-醋酸萘酯酶 (ANAE)染色法观测外周血 T-淋巴细胞的动态变化。结果锌缺乏组和锌中毒组雏鸭外周血 T-淋巴细胞的 ANAE阳性率显著低于对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ,表明锌缺乏或锌中毒可抑制 T-淋巴细胞的生成 ,降低其在外周血中的数量。本试验还对锌缺乏和锌中毒引起的外周血 T-淋巴细胞减少的机理进行了探讨     

Genetics of equine bleeding disorders

Genetic bleeding disorders can have a profound impact on a horse's health and athletic career. As such, it is important to understand the mechanisms of these diseases and how they are diagnosed. These diseases include haemophilia A, von Willebrand disease, prekallikrein deficiency, Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia and Atypical Equine Thrombasthenia. Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage also has a proposed genetic component. Genetic mutations have been identified for haemophilia A and Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia in the horse. Mutations are known for von Willebrand disease and prekallikrein deficiency in other species. In the absence of genetic tests, bleeding disorders are typically diagnosed by measuring platelet function, von Willebrand factor, and other coagulation protein levels and activities. For autosomal recessive diseases, genetic testing can prevent the breeding of two carriers.     

Canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency: presence of the Cys36Ser beta-2 integrin mutation in an affected US Irish Setter cross-breed dog and in US Irish Red and White Setters

Canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (CLAD) is a primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by recurrent bacterial infections in the presence of marked leukocytosis. The disease was 1st described in the mid-1980s in a cross-breed Irish Setter Dog in the United States. It results from a defective beta-2 subunit of heterodimeric leukocyte adhesion proteins. The causative mutation for CLAD in Irish Setter Dogs from Europe has been identified as a missense mutation at base pair position 107 in the beta-2 integrin subunit gene (ITGB2) that results in an amino acid change from cysteine to serine at amino acid 36 (Cys36Ser) in the beta-2 integrin subunit protein. In the current work, the originally described dog with CLAD has been genetically tested and shown to have the same mutation as the European Irish Setters. This suggests that the mutation has been in the Irish Setter population for many generations spanning more than 2 decades. A related breed, the Irish Red and White Setter, has a history of interbreeding with Irish Setters and shares a common ancestry with the Irish Setter breed. DNA from Irish Red and White Setters residing in the United States was screened either by sequencing or by the newly developed restriction enzyme test for the Irish Setter Cys36Ser CLAD mutation. Seven of 54 dogs tested (13%) were found to be carriers of the Irish Setter CLAD mutation. Five of these were directly related to a sire from the UK, demonstrating the importation of an allele from another continent and establishing the need for genetic testing in this breed in the United States.     

Therapeutic Efficacy of Zinc Sulphate Used in Clustered Model Treatment in Alleviating Zinc Deficiency in Cattle and Its Effect on Hormones,Vitamins and Production Parameters

A survey was conducted in 10 districts of northern India. Significant deficiency of zinc was observed in soil, fodders and (cattle) serum samples. The animals showed typical signs of zinc deficiency, namely stiff gait, swelling of hocks and knees, subcutaneous fluid accumulation, rough coat, etc. of variable intensity. A clustered model therapeutic trial was conducted and zinc-deficient cattle were divided into three groups. Group A was provided with mineral mixture containing zinc sulphate. Group B was given mineral mixture without zinc sulphate and group C was given no mineral mixture. Significant improvement (p < 0.01) was observed in the haemoglobin (Hb), total white blood cells (WBC) and total erythrocyte count (TEC) levels at the 7th day of treatment in the animals of group A. Significant improvement in enzyme serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) was observed in group A animals at the 7th day, while improvement in asparatate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) was observed after 21 days of treatment. Regarding hormones, significant improvement was observed in thyroxine (T₃) and triiodothyronine (T₄), oestrogen and progesterone in group A animals within 14 days of treatment. The values of vitamin A showed a highly significant (p < 0.01) improvement within 7 days of treatment in group A animals and that of vitamin E on the 21 st day of treatment. The milk yield of lactating cattle and body weight of growing calves in group A showed highly significant (p < 0.01) increases at about 14 and 30 days, respectively. It is concluded that zinc sulphate supplementation is highly effective in alleviating zinc deficiency and improving various biochemical and production parameters in cattle. The clustered model treatment provides a better indicator of the most limiting element under field conditions where simultaneous deficiency of various minerals is prevalent.     

大豆耐低磷胁迫研究进展

磷是作物生长发育不可缺少的营养元素之一,但它在土壤中有效性是非常低的.缺磷是限制目前农业产量的一个重要因子,传统的农业生产主要通过施肥和土壤改良来满足植物对磷的需求,近年来人们开始发掘磷高效利用植物来替代传统方法提高磷的利用效率.在缺磷胁迫下,植物会产生一系列的包括根系形态及生理方面的适应性变化.本文综述了低磷胁迫对大豆根系、光合作用等影响的研究进展,大豆耐低磷胁迫的遗传学研究进展,以及讨论当前大豆磷效率遗传研究中存在的主要问题.     

烤烟典型缺钾症表现的农艺性状及相关营养元素分析

针对近年来在玉溪市大田烤烟生产上发生的严重的烤烟典型缺钾症,以根际土壤及植株各部位器官等为探索对象,采用对比分析法探讨了红花大金元和K326烤烟典型缺钾症表现的农艺性状及相关营养元素含量状况。结果表明,烟株发生严重缺钾症后,外部不但表现典型症状,还表现叶片的长、宽及茎直径有所下降．从而导致单株的地上部和地下部的干物质积累量显著下降,同时烟株内部的营养元素含量及其相互协调性与正常株相比也发生了显著的变化。典型缺钾症烟株的根部及各个叶位的叶片和茎杆．不但K含量显著降低,而且各个叶位的叶片和茎杆的Mg、Zn（中上部茎）、B含量也明显下降;各个叶位的叶片N、Ca、Mn、Fe含量则显著提高,K326烟株各个叶位茎杆及红花大金元根部的含N量也明显提高,但K326烟株根部及红花大金元茎部（中上部）的含N量又明显下降;典型缺钾症烟株的根部、茎部及各个叶位的叶片N／K、Ca／K和Mg／K含量则显著提高。红花大金元（地烟）典型缺钾株的根际土有效养分含量除N地。N有所升高外,不但有效K含量呈显著降低,而且有效态N、P、ca、Mg、Zn、Mn、B、NO3^-N也降低;K326（田烟）典型缺钾株的根际土有效K含量也表现显著降低,但NH4^-N和NO3^-N表现出显著的升高。而有效态Ca、Mg、P、Zn、B、Mn的含量变化不明显。     

拔节和挑旗期缺磷对两小麦品种体内磷分配的影响

 采用石英砂培养方法,研究了拔节和挑旗期缺磷对大穗型小麦CA9325和多穗型晋麦2号（JM2）生长后期体内磷分配和成熟期磷利用效率的影响。结果表明,随着生长的延续,两品种供磷植株的主茎、有效分蘖和整株中的磷含量均呈"S"型增加,峰值在灌浆期。两品种所有处理的植株主茎中的磷在整株中所占比例不断增加,而无效分蘖和根系中的磷所占比例不断下降。两品种缺磷植株的有效分蘖中磷含量也呈下降趋势;对照CA9325主茎的籽粒含磷量及其在主茎中所占比例高于有效分蘖;而对照JM2主茎的籽粒含磷量低于有效分蘖,这与二者分属不同穗型小麦有关。缺磷的两品种主茎和有效分蘖营养器官和颖壳中的磷含量均低于同期的对照植株,使得籽粒中磷占主茎和有效分蘖中磷的比例高于对照。尽管如此,主茎和有效分蘖的籽粒含磷量低于对照;到成熟期,两次缺磷均显著降低两品种的籽粒产量。供磷的CA9325磷吸收效率和各处理的CA9325的收获指数均高于JM2,但前者各处理的磷利用效率低于后者。对两品种小麦体内磷利用的差异进行了讨论。     

蔬菜生产中硼素营养研究进展

综述了硼素营养生理的研究进展 ,硼肥对蔬菜生理作用及产量、品质的影响 ,蔬菜缺硼症状及防治方法 ,蔬菜对过量硼毒害生理机理研究现状 ,提出了硼在蔬菜生产中的研究前景。