Influence of terminal rig configuration on the anatomical hooking location of line-caught yellowfin bream, Acanthopagrus australis

Abstract  Experiments were carried out to test the dependence of anatomical hooking location on terminal rig configuration, and identify strategies by which hook ingestion can be minimised to reduce post-release mortality of angled yellowfin bream, Acanthopagrus australis (Günther). Eighty-five anglers targeted yellowfin bream using different designs and sizes of circle and J hooks and recorded technical, environmental and biological data for each landed fish. Considerably fewer fish (16.6 and 8.5%, respectively) ingested hooks than those hooked in the mouth (82.1 and 88.6%), and a greater percentage of J hooks were ingested than circle hooks or a J hook modified with a 15-mm horizontal bar. Irrespective of hook type, the rate of ingestion also declined with increasing hook weight and decreasing fish size. In cage experiments, significantly more hooks baited with natural soft baits (e.g. intestines and cephalopods) were ingested than those baited with artificial baits, crustaceans or teleosts, while in the field fewer hooks were ingested using artificial bait (e.g. bread and pellets) than terrestrial animals, teleosts, crustaceans, teleost or terrestrial animal intestines, cephalopods or polychaetes. Similarly, rigs with floats, short traces or a sinker only on the hook, along with angling in environments with at least some current reduced ingestion. Based on this study, anglers targeting yellowfin bream should be encouraged to use circle or modified J hooks and, regardless of the hook design, the largest hook size possible attached to short traces or a sinker only and hard baits.     

霍尔效应测量中的系统误差及其处理

本文对霍尔效应测量中的热能流引起的不等位电势误差提出了自己的见解,然后着重研究消除系统误差的方法,并对实验结果进行了评述.     

聚类分析在管网故障点定位中的应用

在管网状态估计的基础上,对管网进行故障(泄漏)模拟,建立管网故障模拟数据库.利用多元统计学上的聚类分析方法,对管网故障模拟的数据进行聚类分析,将需要研究的管网的所有管段虚拟地分为M个区域,即"虚拟分区".并利用多元统计学上的判别分析方法,对泄漏情况进行故障定位.     

小波神经网络在模拟电路故障诊断中的应用研究

对模拟电路提出了一种基于小波与神经网络辅助式结合的故障诊断方法．该方法用小波变换作为模拟电路故障信号的预处理器，大大减少神经网络的输入数目，简化神经网络结构和减少它的训练时间，提高辨识故障能力．在介绍该故障诊断方法的基本原理后。给出了小波函数及故障特征选择的方法．     

基于嵌入式GIS的森林资源三类调查数据采集及处理系统设计

介绍一种集成嵌入式GIS、GPS和PDA的森林资源三类调查系统的设计和实现，对系统的总体框架、功能设计以及软件开发实现中的几个关键问题进行了阐述．该系统克服了传统手工采集方法的诸多弊端．实现了三类调查的自动化和无纸化．应用结果表明，采用该系统可以大幅度地提高三类调查的精度和效率．     

太阳岛地区临江建筑景观初探

作者立足哈尔滨太阳岛地区临江建筑景观设计 ,通过调查研究与创作实践 ,提出了对临江建筑设计的基本原则与理念     

会同生态定位研究站科研信息管理系统的研制

MIS与 GIS结合应用于生态定位研究是一个较好的具有扩展性的解决生态数据量大、统计繁琐的解决方案 ,能实现生态定位研究的管理规范化、现代化、自动化和网络化 ,更好地为生态系统定位研究服务 .阐述了会同生态定位研究站信息管理系统的设计和开发过程 ,介绍了系统的结构和功能 ,并对地理信息系统应用于生态定位研究作了一定的探讨     

Modeling spatial variability in the life-cycle costs of low-volume forest roads

Cost estimation is probably the most decisive factor in the process of computer-aided, preliminary planning for low-volume road networks. However, the cost of construction is normally assumed to be route-independent for a specific project area, resulting in sub-optimal layouts. This is especially true for mountainous terrain and in areas with unstable subsoil. Here, we present a model for more accurately estimating spatial variability in road life-cycle costs, based on terrain surface properties as well as geological properties of the subsoil. This parametric model incorporates four structural components: embankment, retaining structures, pavement, and drainage and stream-crossing structures. It is linked to a geo-database that allows users to derive location-specific parameter values as input. In applying this model, we have demonstrated that variability in costs ranges widely for mountainous areas, with the most expensive construction being approximately five times greater there than on more favorable sites. This variability strongly affects the optimal layout of a road network. First, when location-specific slope gradients are considered, costs are reduced by about 17% from those calculated via currently available engineering practices; when both slope gradient and geotechnical formations are included, those costs are decreased by about 20%. Second, the length of the road network is increased by about 4% and 10% respectively, compared with current practices.     

棕榈藤材缺陷和分级

文中论述了棕榈藤各种藤材存在的主要缺陷，并计论了藤材的分级标准和工业用藤的规范。棕榈藤材的缺陷包括基因缺陷、环境缺陷、生物缺陷和机械缺陷等。棕榈藤材的定级基于不同阶段，分级的基本依据是藤茎直径、长度、颜色、硬度、缺陷、节间长度以及直径全长均匀性等。工业用藤的规范涉及：表观特性、物理力学特性、机械加工特性和涂饰性等。统一的缺陷术语、贸易名称和标准规范是良好贸易的基准。     

数学形态学在木材表面缺陷图像分割后处理中的应用

介绍了数学形态学的基本思想和运算。针对木材表面缺陷图像分割效果不完善的问题,提出基于数学形态学的图像后处理方法,包括应用数学形态学的填充操作、形态滤波以及形态梯度边缘检测等。经实验验证,应用数学形态学进行图像后处理,增强了木材缺陷图像分割结果的可视性和准确性。