棉花GbRvd的亚细胞定位及其超表达烟草抗病性分析

【目的】研究棉花NB-LRR家族基因GbRvd的亚细胞定位及超表达烟草的黄萎病抗性,为解析GbRvd介导的植物抗黄萎病机制提供依据。【方法】对真核表达载体pJCV52进行改造,在SpeⅠ酶切位点插入gfp,使其兼具亚细胞定位的功能,命名为GPJCV52。应用Gateway技术构建GbRvd的亚细胞定位和超表达载体,并分别转化农杆菌GV3101。利用生物信息学和农杆菌介导的烟草瞬时表达技术对GbRvd分别进行亚细胞定位预测与观察。采用农杆菌介导法转化烟草,并通过组织培养技术获得转基因植株。运用PCR对超表达GbRvd的烟草进行阳性植株筛选,且利用半定量RT-PCR对阳性转基因植株进行表达检测。制备棉花黄萎病菌孢子悬浮液,通过灌根法对T_3代转基因烟草株系进行接种,利用5级标准统计发病情况并计算病情指数。【结果】利用在线分析软件ProtComp预测GbRvd为一种胞外(分泌)蛋白;GbRvd的跨膜预测结果显示其包含3个跨膜域;在线分析软件Wo LF PSORT预测结果显示GbRvd在细胞膜、内质网及叶绿体的预测分值分别为7、3和1,表明GbRvd主要存在于植物细胞膜上。利用农杆菌介导的烟草瞬时表达技术进一步对GbRvd的亚细胞定位进行观察,结果显示在单独表达GFP蛋白的烟草细胞中,荧光信号在细胞核、细胞质和细胞膜均有分布;而GbRvd与GFP融合表达后的荧光信号主要分布于烟草表皮细胞质和细胞膜。综合生物信息学分析和亚细胞定位观察结果,表明细胞膜和细胞质是GbRvd的主要分布位置。利用农杆菌介导和组织培养获得了转基因烟草植株,通过对转基因烟草植株的PCR检测显示,阳性转基因烟草植株能够通过PCR扩增出与预期大小一致的目的条带,而野生型植株未出现相应条带;阳性转基因烟草植株半定量RT-PCR同样能够检测出与预期大小一致的目的条带,由此表明GbRvd成功整合于烟草基因组并能够进行正常转录。对3个T_3代超表达烟草株系的黄萎病抗性进行分析,结果显示超表达GbRvd的烟草植株病情指数显著低于野生型对照植株,表明过表达GbRvd可有效提高植株对黄萎病的抗性。【结论】GbRvd主要存在于植物细胞质和细胞膜,其超表达可显著提高烟草对黄萎病的抗性。     

广西农业区位优势空间分异及形成机制

[目的]探索广西农业区位优势空间分异及其形成机制,为广西农业区划与相关政策制定提供参考.[方法]采用区位商对广西14个地级市的农业区位优势进行测算,并利用固定效应模型对不同优势层次地区区位商的形成机制进行研究.[结果]总体上,广西各地区的农业区位优势横向空间异质性强烈,且不同层次地区的形成机制各异.率先实现农业生产与技术服务规模化是加快现代规模化农业进程的关键点,财政支农力度不足、教育水平不高、农业机械化水平低可能成为制约广西现代化农业规模化发展的瓶颈.[建议]应强化总体规划布局,推进产业聚集,提高产业溢出效应;因地制宜,完善交通与基础生产设施;完善农业技术服务体系,突破规模化生产限制;提高财政支农效率,提升农民科技素养,实现广西农业合理布局与良性发展.     

基于掩模及亮度校正算法的脐橙表面缺陷分割

【目的】 本研究旨在有效解决果皮有缺陷的水果图像在去除背景时部分缺陷被误分割为背景,以及水果表面缺陷难以有效分割提取的问题。【方法】 以I分量图来构建掩模模板,根据其灰度直方图信息,通过双峰法选择单一阈值（T=75）分以纽荷尔脐橙为研究对象,提出基于HSI颜色空间模型法去除背景割背景并填充孔洞得到掩模模板I_mask,然后掩模模板I_mask与I分量图通过点乘运算得到去除背景的I分量图;提出基于多尺度高斯函数图像亮度校正算法对去除背景后的I分量图像进行亮度校正,通过构建多尺度高斯函数滤波器,将去除背景后的I分量图与构建的多尺度高斯函数进行卷积运算即得到去除背景后的I分量图像表面光照分量图,最后将去除背景后的I分量图与得到的光照分量图进行点除运算即得到去除背景后的I分量图像亮度校正图;然后采用单一全局阈值法对脐橙表面缺陷进行提取。【结果】 基于HSI颜色空间模型法去除背景,可在有效去除背景的同时完好保留脐橙的表面信息,有利于后续操作;基于多尺度高斯函数的图像亮度校正算法分别对6种常见脐橙缺陷进行图像亮度校正后采用单阈值法提取缺陷,使不同灰度等级的脐橙表面缺陷一次性分割成功,其中分割率最高为100%,最低为88.5%,整体达92.7%。通过试验分析后发现造成部分误分割或漏分割的原因主要在于部分缺陷果缺陷处颜色较轻,与正常区域灰度差较小,从而造成漏分割;还有部分缺陷果由于缺陷面积小,在图像形态学处理过程被误认为是噪声而被去除;同时发现正常果的误判率也达到了10.8%,经分析发现误判的正常果表皮组织区域的褶皱位于图像的边缘区域,从而被误认为是边缘区域的缺陷,导致误判。【结论】 基于HSI颜色空间模型法去除背景及基于多尺度高斯函数的图像亮度不均校正算法对纽荷尔脐橙图像背景分割和去除背景后的I分量图像表面亮度校正均取得了较好的效果,能有效识别脐橙缺陷区域,为脐橙精确分级提供了技术支持,也为其他果品表面缺陷快速检测提供了一种新思路。     

Research on Development of Agricultural Geographic Information Ontology

This paper first analyzes the reason that agricultural geographic information gives rise to semantic heterogeneity and solution thereof.Although OWL (web ontology language) is the standard of ontology ...     

大中型轴流式潜水电泵开发应用的若干问题探讨

介绍了大中型轴流潜水泵的基本结构、特点。对该型泵的设计、安装、运行等问题进行了讨论，论述了用该型泵替代目前应用的轴流泵具有的各种优越性。     

Breed risk of pyometra in insured dogs in Sweden

An animal insurance database containing data on over 200,000 dogs was used to study the occurrence of pyometra with respect to breed and age during 1995 and 1996 in Swedish bitches <10 years of age. A total of 1,803 females in 1995 and 1,754 females in 1996 had claims submitted because of pyometra. Thirty breeds with at least 800 bitches insured each year were studied using univariate and multivariate methods. The crude 12-month risk of pyometra for females <10 years of age was 2.0% (95% confidence interval = 1.9-2.1%) in 1995 and 1.9% (1.8-2.0%) in 1996. The occurrence of pyometra differed with age, breed, and geographic location. The risk of developing pyometra was increased (identified using multivariate models) in rough Collies, Rottweilers, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Golden Retrievers, Bernese Mountain Dogs, and English Cocker Spaniels compared with baseline (all other breeds, including mixed breed dogs). Breeds with a low risk of developing the disease were Drevers, German Shepherd Dogs, Miniature Dachshunds, Dachshunds (normal size), and Swedish Hounds. Survival rates indicate that on average 23-24% of the bitches in the databases will have experienced pyometra by 10 years of age. In the studied breeds, this proportion ranged between 10 and 54%. Pyometra is a clinically relevant problem in intact bitches, and differences related to breed and age should be taken into account in studies of this disease.     

小麦生产的生态定位及发展策略

本文运用生态学及系统工程学的基本原理,分析了山西省小麦生产发展现状,确立了加入WTO后小麦生产的生态地位,即小麦是自然资源利用效率高、生态效益大的生态型作物。提出了小麦生产可持续发展的策略是：稳定面积,提高单产,改进品质。提高资源利用率。保护和优化生态环境。同时指出小麦生产是社会效益高、生态效益大,而本身经济效益低的弱质产业。应该从社会效益、生态效益和经济效益三者协调发展的角度出发。把小麦生产的巨大生态效益放在突出地位。     

Guided bone regeneration with beta-tricalcium phosphate and poly L-lactide-co-glycolide-co-epsilon-caprolactone membrane in partial defects of canine humerus

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of beta-tricalcium phosphate and poly L-lactide-co-glycolide-co-epsilon-caprolactone (TCP/PLGC) membrane in the repair of partial bone defects in canine proximal humerus. Three adult mixed-breed dogs were used during the experimental period. The length of the defect was quarter of the full length of humerus, and width of the defect was quarter of middle diameter of the lateral aspect of humerus. The humeri of each dog were divided into treatment (TCP/PLGC) and control groups. The defect was covered with TCP/PLGC membrane in treatment group. To evaluate regeneration of the bone, computerized tomography (CT) and histopathologic examination were performed. The radiopaque lines were appeared at the original defect sites in TCP/PLGC group but below the original site in control at 4th week. Radiopacity and thickness of the defect sites, and radiopaque lines were more increased at 8th week than those of 4th week. Histopathologic findings revealed fibrous connective tissue migration into the defect and the migration inhibited the structure of new cortex to be placed in the original level in control whereas new cortex growth was found in the level of original line in TCP/PLGC group. However, the new cortical bone in the TCP/PLGC group was thinner and less organized than the adjacent intact cortex, and the amount of new cancellous bones were also scanty. The result suggested that TCP/PLGC membrane is a good guided bone regeneration material to restore the original morphology of humerus in partial defect.     

Effects of Cage Location and Tier Level with Respect to Light Intensity in Semiconfined Housing on Egg Production and Quality During the Late Laying Period

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of cage location and tier level with respect to light intensity on egg production and egg quality of hens housed in a semiconfined facility. Hens (ISA Brown, n = 225) at 75 wk of age were placed into 3-tier cages as top (T), middle (M), and bottom (B) tiers located in cages illuminated artificially (EI), by window (FW), or between corridors (C) for 2 mo. Light intensity was measured monthly for each cage at 5 cm from feeders every 6 h. Egg production was recorded daily and egg quality was assessed biweekly. Light intensity was the greatest for cages in the FW group (151.9, 119.8, and 89.8 lx for tiers T, M, and B, respectively), followed by EI (52.6, 54.5, and 51.0 lx for tiers T, M, and B, respectively), and C (44.5, 23.4, and 4.7 lx for tiers T, M, and B, respectively). Hens at location EI had greater egg production than hens at FW and C. Egg production for hens at tier T was also greater than for hens at tiers M and B. Egg production for hens at EI and C decreased quadratically, whereas that for hens at FW decreased linearly from tiers T to B. Cage location, but not tier level, affected egg weight. Hens at EI and FW produced heavier eggs than hens at C. Shape index, yolk color, and yolk index were independent of cage location and tier level. Hens at EI and FW produced eggs with thinner and weaker shells than hens at C. Moreover, eggshell strength increased linearly from tier T to B. Both albumen index and Haugh unit were the greatest for hens at FW, followed by EI and C. Their responses to cage location varied with tier levels. In conclusion, variation in light intensity in multitier cage systems in semiconfined laying hen houses may be a contributing factor for depressed laying performance and egg quality.     

无线传感器网络的移动节点定位算法研究

利用物体运动的连续性,将移动节点的运动规律与距离测量相结合提出了运动预测定位算法,该算法不需要额外的硬件支持,适应能力强,在信标节点密度比较低时提高了性能.