新疆规模化牧场体型线性评估中缺陷性状遗传改良的效果评价

[目的]为奶牛体型缺陷性状线性评估的推广与应用提供数据支撑,以期提高规模化奶牛场遗传改良效果,提升牧场生产水平。[方法]通过对新疆南疆地区3 个规模化牧场2019年和2022年的奶牛体型线性评估结果,结合DHI测定结果,进行奶牛体型缺陷性状线性评估分析。[结果]根据2019年缺陷性线性遗传评估结果,通过遗传改良手段进行针对性改良后,2022年3 个牧场主要缺陷性状比例大幅度下降,平均日单产较2019年提升5.8 kg（P<0.01）,平均体细胞数较2020年下降23.7 万个/mL（P<0.01）,平均乳脂率和乳蛋白无显著差异（P>0.05）。[结论]应用奶牛体型缺陷性线性评估方法,对规模化奶牛场遗传改良具有重要的指导意义,可有效提高牧场牛群生产性能,快速改善群体遗传水平。     

Presumed congenital Gerbode defect in an American Domestic Shorthair cat

A five-month-old, intact female Domestic Shorthair cat presented to the Kansas State Veterinary Health Center for evaluation of a murmur and exercise intolerance. Physical exam revealed a grade V/VI right, parasternal, holosystolic murmur. On echocardiogram, there was an abnormality in the membranous interventricular septum and tricuspid valve, allowing blood to shunt from the left ventricle to the right atrium. This lesion is consistent with an infravalvular Gerbode defect. The Gerbode defect is a rare, left ventricle-to-right atrial shunt that can be congenital or acquired, and in cats, has only been reported once. At the time of submission, the patient is alive and is maintaining a good quality of life.     

Unilateral external jugular vein aneurysm in a dog

An 11-month-old Staffordshire Bull Terrier was referred with a two-month history of fluctuating unilateral jugular groove swelling, which appeared to enlarge after exercise. There was no history of trauma. Multimodal imaging findings (using transdermal and transesophageal ultrasound and dual phase computed tomography angiography) were consistent with large, saccular, left jugular vein aneurysm, running parallel to the left carotid artery. There did not appear to be any arteriovenous communication present. There were no cardiac abnormalities found on echocardiography. Following surgical excision, histopathological analysis supported the clinical suspicion of a congenital external jugular venous aneurysm.     

Tricuspid valve dysplasia and a patent foramen ovale resulting in severe tricuspid regurgitation and right-heart dilation in a Red Angus calf

A two-month-old Red Angus heifer calf presented to the University of Wisconsin Veterinary Care for evaluation of suspected severe bronchopneumonia. Pertinent physical exam findings included tachycardia, tachypnea, dyspnea with a significant abdominal component, and cyanotic mucous membranes. On thoracic auscultation, wheezes were present bilaterally, as well as a grade 2/6 right apical systolic murmur. Thoracic radiographs revealed cardiomegaly, most severely affecting the right side. Echocardiography showed tricuspid valve dysplasia, resulting in severe tricuspid regurgitation and right-heart dilation, as well as a patent foramen ovale. A postmortem examination confirmed the presence of the aforementioned cardiac abnormalities and revealed only mild pulmonary changes. This case report is the first to describe tricuspid dysplasia in the absence of multiple, complex congenital cardiac abnormalities in a calf, and it highlights the value of echocardiography for an antemortem diagnosis.     

Gerbode type defect and third degree atrioventricular block in association with bacterial endocarditis in a dog

Gerbode type defects are rare left ventricular outflow tract–right atrial communications in people that may be congenital or acquired; they have been reported only once previously in dogs. Acquired forms in humans have been reported secondary to bacterial endocarditis, trauma, and valve replacement surgery, among other causes. We report a case of left ventricular outflow tract to right atrium and right ventricle communications (Gerbode type defect) in association with aortic and tricuspid valve bacterial endocarditis in a geriatric dog. The dog also developed third degree atrioventricular block and had underlying subaortic stenosis. The authors hypothesize that the Gerbode type defect in this case was acquired secondary to invasion and destruction of the membranous interventricular septum due to bacterial endocarditis.     

犬污染骨异位寄养再回植的影像学评估

[目的]探讨犬游离长段桡骨通过寄养在血运丰富的隐静脉旁使其血管化来修复开放性骨折造成的骨缺损的可行性。[方法]选取12只成年健康犬随机分为实验组与对照组,2组分别截取右侧前肢桡骨中段约15 mm的桡骨骨段。模拟车祸环境,将截取的长段桡骨放置于外界泥土中1 h,取回的骨块用大量生理盐水冲洗,并放置在10%聚维酮碘中浸泡5 min,之后使用生理盐水冲洗1 min,沥干备用。实验组将其包埋在血管丰富的隐静脉处,对照组放置于-80℃低温无菌保存。8周后取出骨块,植回原位修复犬桡骨骨缺损。回植后第6、12周观察桡骨的大体形态。第4、8、12周通过X射线观察修复效果,使用Lane-Sandhu X线评分标准进行评分。[结果]在同一时间段内,实验组桡骨骨缺损修复的效果均好于对照组。[结论]通过寄养血管化的长段骨和低温保存长段骨均可修复犬桡骨骨缺损,与-80℃保存的骨块相比血管化的长段骨具有愈合时间短、骨吸收少的优点。     

一株灰葡萄孢细胞壁完整性缺陷突变株的分子鉴定和表型分析

为探明灰葡萄孢细胞壁相关基因功能,用荧光增白剂Calcofluor White（CFW）从灰葡萄孢T-DNA插入突变体库中筛选细胞壁完整性缺陷突变株,发现一株突变株D-59对CFW的敏感性与野生型相比提高了2.8倍。通过TAIL-PCR扩增突变株的T-DNA插入位点的侧翼序列并对其进行序列分析表明,T-DNA插入于突变株BC1G₀0770.1基因的外显子部位。RT-PCR的结果显示,D-59的BC1G₀0770.1基因不表达。突变株D-59的表型分析表明,突变株的菌丝稀疏,菌落呈土黄色,产孢量明显下降,孢子萌发异常,致病能力减弱,细胞壁的几丁质含量下降了48%。     

西三线0．8设计系数试验段管道试压问题

结合西三线0．8设计系数试验段的现场高试验压力要求,系统地对管道试压水平与存留缺陷关系、管道试压下的屈服变形判定条件、累积塑性应变量计算以及压力-容积控制方法中的p—V曲线等进行了分析,结果表明：高试验压力可以显著减少管道存留缺陷;管道试验压力和管材实际屈服强度为影响管道屈服的主要影响因素,试压管节的实际屈服强度若低于93％SYMS,则会发生屈服变形,升压至最高试验压力时,管节的累积塑性应变量与其实际强度有关;管道注满水后的含气率和管道中的低强度钢管对p—V曲线的形状影响较大。     

浅谈数字出版时代如何提高医学期刊论文的显示度

数字出版技术已经不断成熟,是出版的未来和方向。在数字出版时代,信息获取者主要通过网络搜索来寻找自己需要的资料,因此如何提高论文显示度成为了扩大期刊影响力的一个重要问题。本文以医学期刊论文为例,从选择发表前沿和热点的高水平学术论文、凝练论文标题、丰富摘要信息量、准确恰当选择关键词、合理引用参考文献、熟练运用网络通迅技术等方面来加以论述,为提高论文显示度、扩大期刊影响力提供参考。