大类招生下机械电子工程专业学生实践和创新能力的研究与应用

文章从学生实践能力和创新能力两个核心能力培养方面进行了理论研究与实践探索。首先简要介绍了专业概况与研究背景,然后对几个核心概念进行了定义与解释,最后结合齐齐哈尔大学的一些做法与经验提出了大类招生下机械电子工程专业学生实践和创新能力培养的建议。     

基于无线传感器网络的水质监测系统研究

针对国内外水质环境研究中水质样品异地监测分析存在的巨大缺陷,研究了水质自动监测系统。文章介绍了基于无线通讯传感器网络的简易水质自动监测系统,实现水质数据自动采集和实时上传,可以实现对钱塘江源头水质（衢州水质）进行更好的监测及保护。     

基于HYDRUS-2D的地下滴灌下水分运移数值模拟研究

利用HYDRUS-2D软件模拟了地下滴灌条件下滴头周围黏壤土的土壤水分动态,并与田间观测进行对比;通过分析不同滴头流量对试验地土壤湿润模式的影响,明确了最佳灌水技术参数。结果表明,HYDRUS-2D软件模拟结果与观测值一致,体积含水率均方根误差为1.2%~4.5%,湿润范围均方根误差变化范围为2.1~3.87cm。     

玉米秸秆残茬覆盖对大豆田土壤水温效应的影响

研究了传统耕作、玉米原垄留茬耕作、玉米原垄留茬全覆盖、玉米留茬条带覆盖、浅松覆盖和深松覆盖6种耕作方式下土壤含水率、棵间蒸发量和地温的变化。结果表明,条带覆盖对大豆不同生育期土壤剖面含水率影响最大;其他耕作方式对棵间蒸发的抑制作用均小于传统耕作;日平均地温在苗期变化明显;保护性耕作对日平均地温影响较大,传统耕作最高,留茬全覆盖最低。     

Effect of Weaning Stress on Blood Physiology and Biochemistry Indexes and Immune Function in Dairy Buffalo Calves

To study the effect of weaning stress on dairy buffalo calves,5 healthy calves were chosen and weaned,and the blood samples were collected at 1 day before weaning,and 1,14 and 21 days after weaning to analysis blood physiology and biochemistry indexes and immune function.The results showed that the count of white blood cell,lymphocyte,erythrocyte,monocytes and hematocrit,aspartate aminotransferase activity,blood glucose,cortisol and immunoglobulin G contents of dairy buffalo calves were no significant difference between before and after weaning treatments (P > 0.05).The count of neutrophils at 21 d after weaning were significantly lower than that of 1 d before weaning of dairy buffalo calves (P < 0.05).However,lactate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase activity in weaned treatments were significantly higher than those of animals in the treatment before weaning (P < 0.05).The serum urea nitrogen of dairy buffalo calves at 21 d after weaning was significantly higher than that of 1 d before weaning (P < 0.05) and hemoglobin content at 21 d after weaning was significantly lower than that at 1 day before weaning (P < 0.05).It indicated that the physiological and immunity function of dairy buffalo calves were challenged under weaning stress.     

Effects of Supplemental Complex Water Soluble Vitamin on Production Performance,Blood Biochemical Parameters and Oxidation Resistance of Dairy Cows

The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of supplemental complex water soluble vitamins on production performance, blood biochemical parameters and oxidative resistance of dairy cows in spring and summer.The experiment was designed by 2×2 factorial randomized blocks design.Eighty healthy dairy cows with similar parity and body weight were randomly divided to four groups, with 7 days of adaptation and 70 d experimental phase.The dairy cows in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ were fed a basal diet supplemented with complex water soluble vitamins in spring.The dairy cows in group Ⅱ and Ⅳ were fed a basal diet supplemented with complex water soluble vitamins in summer.The results showed that the ADFI and daily milk yield of dairy cows receiving water soluble vitamin in spring were extremely significantly higher (P<0.01);The ADFI of dairy cows receiving water soluble vitamin was significantly higher in summer (P<0.05) and daily milk yield were extremely significantly higher (P<0.01);The butterfat rate was extremely significantly increased and SCC was extremely significantly decreased in spring and summer (P<0.01);Supplementation of water soluble vitamin was also significantly increased LYM (P<0.05).In summer, T-AOC, T-SOD were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01), and TP, CK, LDH, TP, HDL and ALB were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01) by water soluble vitamin supplementation than that of control group.In conclusion, complex water soluble vitamins could increase the production performance and non-specific immune function, improve the oxidative resistance and relieved the heat stress of the dairy cows.     

Establishment of a Duplex Real-time RT-PCR Assay for the Differential Detection of Nipha Virus and Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

To establish a rapid,sensitive and specific assay for the differential detection of Nipah virus (NiV) and highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV),a duplex Real-time RT-PCR was developed with specific primers and probes targeting to the special sequences of NiV M gene and HP-PRRSV nsp2 gene by optimization of reaction conditions.The performance of the assay was linear ranging from 4.6×10¹ to 4.6×10⁷ copies/μL for RNA standard control of NiV M (NiV-M-RNA) and from 4.1×10¹ to 4.1×10⁸ copies/μL for RNA standard control of HP-PRRSV nsp2 (HP-PRRSV-nsp2-RNA),and detection limits of the assay was 46 copies for the NiV-M-RNA and 4.1 copies for the HP-PRRSV-nsp2-RNA,respectively.The coefficients of variation (CVs) of both inter-assay and intra-assay repeatability were less than 2.0%,showing good repeatability.The assay was able to specifically detect NiV and HP-PRRSV simultaneously without cross-reaction with classical swine fever virus (CSFV),porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV),swine influenza virus (SIV),porcine parvovirus (PPV),pseudorabies virus (PRV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2).Of the 236 samples from pigs for both NiV and HP-PRRSV detection by the established assay,all the samples were negative for NiV,8 samples were HP-PRRSV positive.In conclusion,this assay offers a useful approach for the differential detection of NiV and HP-PRRSV in clinical specimens from the pigs.     

APSIM模型对宁夏海原地区草田轮作系统的适应性

为验证APSIM模型对宁夏海原地区草田轮作系统的适用性,基于10年生苜蓿(Medicago sativa)与小麦(Triticum aestivum)、谷子(Oryza sativa)草田轮作试验数据和同期气象资料,运用APSIM模型对系统进行了模拟。通过试错法和文献记载完成了苜蓿、小麦和谷子几个品种的参数本地化。用统计和图形校验方法评价了APSIM模型模拟结果的可靠性和准确性。结果表明,谷子-小麦-小麦(MWW)、小麦-谷子-小麦(WMW)、谷子-谷子-小麦(MMW)、谷子-小麦-谷子(MWM)、小麦-谷子-谷子(WMM)、小麦-小麦-谷子(WWM)6种轮作方式下产量实测值和模拟值的决定系数R2值范围在0.83至0.98之间,D值范围在0.94至0.99之间,表现出了良好的相关性和一致性。土壤含水量实测值和模拟值的决定系数R2值范围在0.52至1之间,D值范围在0.92至0.97之间,相关性和一致性表现良好。表明APSIM模型对宁夏海原地区苜蓿与小麦、谷子轮作具有较好的模拟能力,可以用来模拟分析该地区草田轮作系统生产潜力和土壤水分动态,对该地区气候变化影响下草田轮作的优化管理具有一定指导意义。     

鸡毒支原体研究概况

鸡毒支原体(MG)是对养禽业危害很大的支原体,主要导致禽类慢性呼吸道疾病(CRD),以禽的结膜炎、产蛋率及饲料转换率下降、屠宰率下降等为主要特征。MG可通过垂直和水平传播方式在鸡群中传播,每年给全球家禽产业带来巨大经济损失。随着对MG细胞表面抗原黏附素蛋白(pMGA)和PvpA、GapA的结构与功能研究的深入,K株、TG5株等MG疫苗研究也取得较大进展。由于抗生素的滥用,MG基因中也发生耐药突变,产生了QRDRs等抗药结构,导致MG在耐药性上也出现新的特点。论文主要对国内外MG的疫苗开发、耐药情况和检测技术等进行综述,旨在对家禽MG的综合防控提供借鉴。     

放牧管理模式对高寒草甸草原土壤养分特征的影响

为探讨不同放牧管理模式下高寒草甸草原土壤养分特征的变化,对青藏高原东缘禁牧(NG)、全生长季休牧(RG)、传统夏季休牧(TG)和连续放牧(CG)4种放牧管理模式下高寒草甸草原土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量进行测定和分析。结果表明:(1)NG显著增加了0~30cm土层有机质含量,RG和TG显著增加了0~20cm土层有机质含量;(2)NG,RG和TG显著提高了高寒草甸草原0~30cm土层全氮含量和20~30cm土层速效氮含量,而降低了0~10cm土层的速效氮含量;(3)NG,RG和TG显著提高了高寒草甸草原0~30cm土层全磷和速效磷含量;(4)不同模式放牧对高寒草甸草原土壤全钾含量无显著影响,但总体上,NG,RG和TG高于CG;NG,RG和TG降低了0~10cm土层速效钾含量,而显著增加了10~30cm土层速效钾含量。连续放牧使土壤养分流失严重,从而导致土壤肥力降低,而禁牧和季节性休牧能有效增加青藏高原东缘高寒草甸草原土壤的养分含量,是该区和类似区域草地放牧管理的理想选择。