中国海洋类高等院校定位研究

在综述高校定位理论基础上,结合海洋类高等院校自我定位的现状,分析海洋类高等院校发展定位存在的两大误区：理念上追求＂类型求全、层次攀高、规模求大、水平一流＂;行为上存在办学特色缺失。海洋类高等院校定位重构因应方略是,充分建构由政府、高校与市场三个主体参与的适度引导、自我分析、面向市场的运作机制。     

The effect of temperature and other factors on chlorophyll a fluorescence and the lower oxygen limit in apples (Malus domestica)

The effects of temperature, scan interval and rate of oxygen (O₂) decline on pulse frequency modulation (PFM)-based minimum fluorescence (F_α) and the F_α-based lower oxygen limit (LOL) were investigated using ‘Honeycrisp’ apples (Malus × domestica Borkh). The effects of temperature and hypoxic stress on pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorescence parameters were also investigated. The PFM scan interval had no effect on the F_α baseline, but increases in the scan interval decreased the low-O₂-induced fluorescence spike intensity (ΔF_α). Temperature negatively correlated with the F_α baseline while ΔF_α °C⁻¹ was greater at lower than at higher temperatures. When using a PAM fluorometer, the minimum fluorescence (F_o), and to a lesser extent the maximum fluorescence (F_m), were similarly affected by temperature as was F_α. Temperature altered the LOL in fruit. Apples stored at 20, 10, 3.5 and 0 °C spiked at 0.72, 0.33, 0.22 and 0.08 kPa O₂, respectively, under a rapid O₂ decline (i.e., 20.9 to <1 kPa O₂ in ≈5–6 h). Although the low-O₂ F_α spike apex values did not change with temperature, the spike intensity increased with temperature due to a reduced fluorescence baseline. A slower O₂ decline rate produced slightly higher LOL and lower spike intensity values. In conclusion, temperature and rate of O₂ decline affected the low-O₂-induced PFM fluorescence spike intensity as well as the LOL, while the PFM scan interval affected the spike intensity.     

Diameter distribution of trees in natural stands managed on polycyclic cutting system

Diameter frequency distribution in a specific stand provides basic information for forest resources management.In this study,four probability models were applied to analyze diameter distribution of natural forests after selective cutting with different intensities (low intensity of 13.0% in volume,medium intensity of 29.1%,high intensity of 45.8%,and extra-high intensity of 67.1%).The results show that the skewness and kurtosis of the four models are positive except that of low intensity selective cutting,which suggest that the number of small-size trees dominate the stand.The more intensity of selective cutting,the wider range of diameter distributions.The diameter structure of selective cutting with low intensity met Weibull and Beta distributions;that of medium intensity met Weibull,negative exponential as well as Gamma distributions;that of high intensity cutting met Weibull and negative exponential distributions,but that of extra-high intensity could not meet any above model.Weibull distribution model fits better than others regarding the structure of diameter distribution in natural forests managed on polycyclic cutting system.The results will provide basic information for sustainable management for mixed natural stands managed on a polycyclic cutting system.     

毛竹纤维饱和点随竹龄的变化规律

竹材的纤维饱和点对于竹材的加工利用具有重要指导意义。以毛竹为研究对象,采用力学法和水分吸着等温线法对毛竹纤维饱和点及其随竹龄的变化规律进行了系统研究。结果表明,两种方法所得的纤维饱和点不同,顺纹抗压强度法0.5龄为36.12%;1.5～4.5龄为(24.49±0.78)%,水分吸着等温线法0.5龄为24.51%;1.5～4.5龄为(18.38±0.42)%;两种方法测得纤维饱和点的绝对数值虽然存在一定差异,但随竹龄的变化规律相同,即从0.5龄到1.5龄降幅明显,大于1.5龄后趋于稳定。     

育苗期不同处理对尾叶桉U6无性系苗木质量及造林效果的影响

在云南的元江干热河谷,进行了尾叶桉U6无性系扦插苗育苗期的施用不同剂量Pt菌剂及干旱胁迫处理,提高苗木质量及植苗造林效果的研究。结果表明,以每株苗木用Pt菌剂15g+干旱胁迫处理的效果最佳,干旱胁迫反应能力的提高和施用Pt菌剂的增效作用可以叠加。其有助于提高尾叶桉U6无性系扦插苗出圃苗木的质量,使其植苗造林6个月时的造林成活率达93.33%。通过相关性分析,筛选出反映尾叶桉U6无性系扦插苗木主要质量指标的因子是出圃苗木的主根长、苗高、地径、高径比和总生物量,并对尾叶桉U6无性系扦插苗主要质量指标与其造林成活率的相关性进行了分析,建立了相关的回归方程。     

刈割次数对肇东苜蓿生产能力影响的综合评估

刈割是苜蓿的主要利用方式,刈割次数不仅影响紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa的当年草产量及营养价值,而且对其安全越冬和持久利用具有重要的影响。肇东苜蓿是哈尔滨地区苜蓿主栽品种,确定合理的刈割次数对紫花苜蓿的生产有重要意义。对肇东苜蓿进行了连续2年的不同刈割次数的田间试验,结果表明,种植第2、3年的肇东苜蓿的最优刈割次数是2006年(种植第2年)刈割2次,2007年(种植第3年)刈割2次;肇东苜蓿2006年(种植第2年)刈割次数与2年间总生产能力呈显著负相关,并且起了最主要和最直接的作用。     

Comparison of chemistry analytes between 2 portable, commercially available analyzers and a conventional laboratory analyzer in reptiles

Background: Advantages of handheld and small bench‐top biochemical analyzers include requirements for smaller sample volume and practicality for use in the field or in practices, but little has been published on the performance of these instruments compared with standard reference methods in analysis of reptilian blood. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare reptilian blood biochemical values obtained using the Abaxis VetScan Classic bench‐top analyzer and a Heska i‐STAT handheld analyzer with values obtained using a Roche Hitachi 911 chemical analyzer. Methods: Reptiles, including 14 bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps), 4 blue‐tongued skinks (Tiliqua gigas), 8 Burmese star tortoises (Geochelone platynota), 10 Indian star tortoises (Geochelone elegans), 5 red‐tailed boas (Boa constrictor), and 5 Northern pine snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus), were manually restrained, and a single blood sample was obtained and divided for analysis. Results for concentrations of albumin, bile acids, calcium, glucose, phosphates, potassium, sodium, total protein, and uric acid and activities of aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase obtained from the VetScan Classic and Hitachi 911 were compared. Results for concentrations of chloride, glucose, potassium, and sodium obtained from the i‐STAT and Hitachi 911 were compared. Results: Compared with results from the Hitachi 911, those from the VetScan Classic and i‐STAT had variable correlations, and constant or proportional bias was found for many analytes. Bile acid data could not be evaluated because results for 44 of 45 samples fell below the lower linearity limit of the VetScan Classic. Conclusions: Although the 2 portable instruments might provide measurements with clinical utility, there were significant differences compared with the reference analyzer, and development of analyzer‐specific reference intervals is recommended.     

基因组原位杂交中封阻DNA制备方法研究

在基因组原位杂交中,适当的封阻可以大大提高基因组原位杂交的效率。本研究采用煮沸法、超声波剪切法对大白菜基因组DNA进行剪切,研究了大白菜封阻DNA的制备方法。结果表明:珠沸法效率高,操作简单,当煮沸70 min DNA片段大小主要集中在200～500 bp,适于在基因组原位杂交中作为封阻。研究结果为基因组原位杂交的应用奠定了基础。     

基于大比例尺航片的单株立木坐标提取

以凉水林场1:8 000大比例尺航片上的树冠影像为基础,通过栅格矢量转换、转换算法调整及图层矢量编辑生成了红松(Pinus koraiensis)树冠多边形图层。在ArcGIS中对该图层通过VBA(Visual Basic For Applica-tions)编程调用多边形属性算法,提取红松树冠多边形的重心作为红松立木的坐标,并与实地实时动态差分法RTK(Real-Time Kinematic)精确定位面积为9 hm2的阔叶红松林样地内红松立木坐标数据进行了检验与分析。结果表明,对于胸径(HDB)达到30 cm以上的红松,其坐标提取精度达到90%以上,且径阶越高,提取精度越高。     

高校图书馆工作中部主任的角色实现

阐述了部主任在图书馆应充当的角色,提出了部主任应具备的素质,指出了部主任角色实现的途径。