实时光电微生物检测技术在乳品质控中的应用

对酸奶中的霉菌酵母菌同时采用实时光电微生物检测系统与国标法进行检测,分析比较两种检测方法所得的检测数据.本实验利用实时光电微生物检测系统的霉菌酵母检测试剂瓶对市售酸奶及阳性添加样品采用半定量的检测方法进行快速检测,能快速地检测到目标菌存在,继而给系统提前预警.结果表明,当霉菌酵母菌含量在10～3.5×105CFU/mL时,实时光电微生物检测方法在1.8～33h内预警.当平板计数法的检测结果小于10CFU/mL时,实时光电微生物检测方法的检测时间均大于33h,在仪器设置运行48h内未出现预警现象.实时光电微生物检测技术与国标平板法两种检测方法的检测结果相当吻合.应用实时光电微生物检测技术能快速便捷,对酸奶产品中霉菌酵母菌进行监测,其检测速度和灵敏度均能满足工厂实验室的快速筛选检测,还利于产品的关键控制点的监测.     

影响牧草再生性的因素分析

对影响牧草再生性的诸因素进行了分析,阐明了牧草再生性对刈割和放牧利用方式的响应,以及刈割和放牧后牧草体内贮藏的碳水化合物和氮素在再生中的变化规律及作用,为草地的放牧利用和刈割提供了理论和技术依据。     

电针“足三里”穴及刺激中脑导水管周围灰质对家兔结肠电的影响

以家兔近端结肠电的基本活动规律为指标,观察了电针足“三里”穴及刺激中脑导水管周围灰质(PAG)对近端结肠电的影响,同时对比观察了损毁部分PAG对电针效应的影响。结果:(1)在禁食、轻度麻醉状态下,近端结肠电慢波振幅为206±156μV,频率为14.9±1.7Hz,慢波上载有快波;(2)电针“足三里”穴对结肠电有抑制或兴奋效应,当有快渡活动时,主要呈现慢波振幅增加效应,有时也增加快波的振幅和幅度;而当没有快波活动时,电针主要减低慢波振幅。上述电针的作用可持续10～45min;(3)对44个pAG刺激点刺激的结果显示,16个点为结肠电兴奋点;13个为结肠电抑制点,而15个点为无效点。其中兴奋效应的潜伏期为1.1±0.95min,可持续2.45±1.4min;抑制效应的潜伏期为0.6±0.5min,可持续2.9±1.3min;(4)5只家兔损毁部分PAG后,电针效应减少23.8±16.6％。     

八点黑獭兔不同发育时期盲肠组织结构变化的研究

为了研究獭兔不同发育时期盲肠组织结构变化特点,总结其发育规律,采用石蜡切片、HE染色技术,对相同条件下饲养的不同生长阶段(出生后1,15,30,60d)獭兔各6只进行解剖,并在显微镜下观察其盲肠组织结构.结果发现,獭兔盲肠黏膜的单层柱状上皮细胞的高度、杯状细胞的体积都随年龄的增长而变大,半环形皱襞间的距离随着年龄的增长逐渐变小,皱襞的长度和体积也随年龄增长有所增加.此外还发现,随年龄的增长八点黑獭兔盲肠蚓突内的淋巴小结数目明显增多,黏膜下层内的淋巴小结和弥散淋巴组织随年龄增长也越来越多,黏膜皱襞变得密集.     

春伐桑树不同伐条部位与桑叶产量的关系

通过春伐桑树不同伐条部位对产叶量影响的初步试验表明,在其它桑园管理措施一致的前提下,采取距离一年生枝条基部4～6 cm处（留芽2～3芽）伐条的剪伐方式,可显著提高芽条生长量和春叶产量,极显著提高秋叶产量,同时影响桑树生长发育.     

牛体细胞核移植技术

对牛体细胞核移植技术中核供体细胞周期同期化处理，电融合条件及去核方法等进行了研究。结果表明，血清－饥饿组（细胞周期同期化处理组）的移核重构胚细胞融合率（83．3％），卵裂率（70％）和囊胚发育率（33．8％）与血清－选择组对应指标间无显著性差异（82．3％，69．2％，32．4％，P＞0．05）；但上述2组分别极显著高于血清－随机组（64．8％，33．8％，4．35％，P＜0．01），试验确立了场强1.025kV/cm，脉冲宽度50μs，连续2次脉冲为最佳电融合条件。摸索出的点击去核法，对卵母细胞进行去核，去核成功率达90％，极显著高地吸引法的68．3％（P＜0．01）；其囊胚发育率为34．1％，显著高于吸引法的18．0％（P＜0．05），与挤压法（20．9％）相比差异不显著（P＞0．05），移植重构胚胎移植后，产2头成活的体细胞克隆牛。     

Accuracy of the TurfTrax Racing Data System for determination of equine speed and position

Reasons for performing study: The speed and position data collected by TurfTrax Racing Data Limited during UK Thoroughbred racing have potential to benefit equine science and welfare. The size (the 2006 data set alone consists of 30,932 individual horse starts across 2667 races) and nature (speed and 2D position for each horse at 4 updates per second) of the data make it a unique resource for questions in equine safety, welfare, performance, and animal locomotion. Objective: To determine the accuracy of the TurfTrax tracking system in estimating the speed and position of horses during racing. Methods: Measurements from the TurfTrax wireless tracking system were compared with those of a survey‐grade global positioning system (GPS) receiver. Results: The TurfTrax system was found to give position measurements to within ± 11 and ± 64 cm in the fore‐aft and lateral directions, respectively, averaging ± 38 cm (interquartile range) and speed to within 0.15 m/s. Potential relevance: The data collected by the TurfTrax system are of sufficient accuracy to inform new diagnoses, training regimens and basic locomotor scientific studies. The position data can provide the precise distance, going, inclination, rate of turn and pack positioning through which each horse has raced. The speed profile can be used to examine the level of exertion, effect of training regimens and influence of racecourse features on performance. A first clinical application would be to analyse retrospectively these factors on occurrence of injury to compare with past training regimens, levels of exertion, and/or racecourse conditions.     

THE EFFECT OF POSITIONING ON THE RADIOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE OF CAUDODORSAL MEDIASTINAL MASSES IN THE DOG

In this prospective study, the effect of thoracic positioning on the visibility and size of caudal esophageal masses caused by spirocercosis was investigated. Dorsoventral (DV), ventrodorsal (VD) as well as left lateral recumbent (LLR) and right lateral recumbent (RLR) thoracic radiographs of 28 dogs, diagnosed endoscopically with spirocercosis, were evaluated. The radiographic findings were compared with those of esophageal endoscopy. Masses were seen equally well in left vs. right recumbency as well as in DV vs. VD positions but in DV/VD views 86% of masses were detected whereas in lateral views only 50% of masses were identified. In spirocercosis-endemic areas DV and RLR views are advised as they also allow for better visualization of descending aorta aneurysms and to avoid interpreting the potentially normally visible esophagus in LLR in large dogs as a mass.     

鄂尔多斯高原雾冰藜在沙漠-河岸过渡带白刺沙堆上的空间分布特征

采用点格局和标记点格局的方法对雾冰藜Bassia dasyphylla在唐古特白刺Tangutorum nitraria沙堆上的分布情况进行了分析.结果显示:1)雾冰藜在沙堆不同方向分布不均匀,以西北方向分布最多,占整个沙堆的61.49%,其次是西南方向,占26.87%,最少的是东北方向,只有2.09%,反映了雾冰藜对固定、半固定风沙土有较好的适应性,对流动风沙土适应性较差;2)雾冰藜聚集生长的距离范围小于沙堆的平均直径5.54 m,而且在小于这个尺度范围内雾冰藜与白刺沙堆表现为正相关,说明二者之间有相互吸引的共存关系;3)不同沙堆之间的雾冰藜数量彼此之间没有影响;4)雾冰藜在小尺度范围内表现为聚集分布,说明其种子的扩散一般是集中在植物周围,而不同沙堆间种子的扩散,风起到了重要的传递作用.