Co‐infection with Cucumber vein yellowing virus and Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus leading to synergism in cucumber

Symptom expression and levels of the ipomovirus Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV) and the crinivirus Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) were compared in greenhouse cucumbers in single and mixed infections. Results were contrasted with those obtained for plants infected with the potyvirus Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) in single and in mixed infections with either CVYV or CYSDV. Cucumber showed leaf symptoms of each co‐infecting virus, except for the combination of CYSDV with ZYMV, where the typical CYSDV‐like symptoms of interveinal leaf yellowing were inconspicuous or absent. The progression of CVYV as quantified by real‐time RT‐PCR was similar in plants with single infections and in mixed infection with CYSDV between 15 and 60 days post‐inoculation (dpi). However, CYSDV was detected at significantly enhanced levels in plants when co‐infected with CVYV but not when co‐infected with ZYMV. In the latter case, ZYMV levels were reduced when compared with single infections. During mixed infections of ZYMV and CVYV, the titre levels of the ipomovirus were significantly lower when compared with single infections. Cucumber had reduced plant height, internode length, dry weight and fruit yield, positively correlated with the titre levels of CVYV and not of CYSDV during mixed infections. It is concluded that co‐infections with CVYV enhance the titre of CYSDV, which could have epidemiological significance.     

Iron and zinc absorption characteristics and copper inhibitions in cucurbitaceae

Iron and Zn absorption, interactions, and Cu inhibitions were characterized in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.), and pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Poir.) by kinetic parameters V_max and K_m. Influx and V_max values for Fe and Zn absorption decreased in each species as plant age increased. For the Michaelis constant, K_m, Fe values in cucumber and watermelon and Zn values in watermelon and pumpkin were relatively unchanged with increased plant age. K_m values for Zn absorption in cucumber and Fe absorption in pumpkin decreased as plant age increased. Among species, watermelon appeared to have a particularly effective uptake mechanism for Zn at low solution concentrations. Non‐competitive inhibition of Zn absorption by Fe (20, 50 uM) was indicated in each species. Iron uptake in pumpkin was inhibited non‐competitively by Zn (5, 10 uM), however no significant effects of Zn on Fe absorption were evident in either watermelon or cucumber. Copper (0.5, 1, 5 uM) inhibited uptake of Fe non‐competitively and Zn competitively in each species.     

从萝卜下胚轴再生完整植株

以萝卜无菌幼苗下胚轴为外植体,研究了不同基因型萝卜品种,不同浓度的NAA、BA、蔗糖、AgNO3对植株再生的影响。基本培养基(BM)为MS无机盐 Gly2mgL 肌醇2mgL 烟酸05mgL VB101mgL 琼脂68gL。试验证明萝卜离体再生主要受基因型和BA、NAA浓度影响。从自交系小红头下胚轴愈伤组织产生的绿色子叶状团块在提高BA、NAA浓度的培养基中大量增殖;降低激素浓度,尤其是BA浓度后,这些子叶状簇生团块发育成大量无根苗,叶片正常。无根苗在添加不同种类的生长素的培养基中生根,并成功地移植入田间。本实验也对AgNO3的作用进行了研究和讨论。     

绿肥山黧豆在四川的生产与应用现状

山黧豆作为豆科作物,营养丰富、适应性强、生物产量高、分布广泛,是不可多得的肥、饲、粮作物,具有较好的经济社会生态效益。在新形势下,农业产业结构不断调整,绿肥作为有机肥源作用日益突出。本文就四川省绿肥山黧豆发展历程、高产栽培和利用技术、生产应用模式、应用前景进行总结,以期应用于现代农业生产中,对进一步加快四川省生态文明建设和助力乡村振兴有着积极意义,对有机农产品生产提供技术支撑。     

Effect of micronutrients on B‐N‐Oxalyl l‐α, β‐diamino propionic acid level and its biosynthesis in Lathyrus Sativus

The detoxification of L. sativus grains by spraying of 0.5 ppm cobalt (nitrate) and 20 ppm molybdehum (ammonium molybdate) salts at the maximun flowering stage ‐ a suggestion based on preliminary findings ‐ has been confirmed in this investigation. Regulatory mechanisms of these micronutrients at the enzymatic level were also studied. On the basis of these observations, the involvement of a hitherto unknown biosynthetic pathway of BOAA cannot be ruled out.     

Pathogenicity of Bipolaris sorokiniana isolates from wheat roots, leaves and grains in Mexico

Pathogenicity of 27 Bipolaris sorokiniana isolates from roots, leaves and grains of spring wheat, collected at a site in Mexico, showed no clear differences between groups of isolates, based on lesion density after seedling inoculation of the susceptible cultivar Ciano T-79 under controlled conditions. Results were variable when tests were repeated over time or in experiments using a smaller number of isolates. The lesion number per leaf was significantly different depending on the isolate used for inoculation, irrespective of the plant part group. No difference was found between individual isolates when pathogenicity was assessed using a disease severity scale. No cultivar–isolate interaction was observed for lesion density when 12 isolates were tested on six cultivars, but there were some significant differences between cultivars and between isolates. Results obtained confirmed that infection by B. sorokiniana is highly variable, and very sensitive to environmental conditions. In this study no physiological specialization was observed. The fungus appeared as a continuum of isolates differing in aggressiveness. This work was conducted with isolates from a single site, and highlights the need to assess carefully the biological significance of any differences observed among B. sorokiniana isolates.     

植物根围促生细菌(PGPR)对黄瓜生长及生理生化特性的影响

为了解植物生长促生细菌CH1与CH2对黄瓜生长及品质的作用机制,采用种子催芽、温室盆栽与生理生化的方法,研究了其对黄瓜生长及生理代谢的影响.结果表明,CH1与CH2对黄瓜种子萌发、根与植株的生长有显著促进作用,根部与叶部中超氧阴离子产生速率、H2O2和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著减少,与品质相关的叶绿素、蛋白质、可溶性糖和VC含量显著增加.     

黄瓜种子萌芽期及嫁接砧木幼苗期耐盐力评价

【目的】进行黄瓜不同基因型和嫁接砧木耐盐性的筛选。【方法】对20个黄瓜品种种子萌发期和22个嫁接砧木幼苗期的耐盐力进行鉴定，对黄瓜种子相对发芽势、相对发芽率、相对发芽指数等耐盐力指标和嫁接砧木的盐害指数进行聚类分析。【结果】20个黄瓜品种中，早多佳、华早2号、中农8号、津育1号、津优3号为耐盐力强的黄瓜品种，津冠1号、许优1号 、津春5号、津春4号、东方明珠、湘早3号、特早1号、津优1号为中等耐盐黄瓜品种，白皮黄瓜、宁丰8号、美农4号、津春3号、津杂4号、津杂2号、津春2号为耐盐力弱的黄瓜品种；22个嫁接砧木中，可分为二大类，其中，春白玉西葫芦、早青一代西葫芦、铁将军F1南瓜、极早秀玉西葫芦为耐盐力弱的品种，其它为耐盐力强的品种。耐盐力强的砧木品种可分为3个亚类，孝感瓠瓜、同心瓠瓜、汉龙碧玉瓠瓜、超丰8848瓠瓜耐盐力很强，黑籽南瓜耐盐力强，其它13个品种耐盐力较强。【结论】黄瓜不同基因型和嫁接砧木的耐盐性具有较大差异，在黄瓜种子萌发期和嫁接砧木苗期可对其耐盐性进行快速鉴定。     

黄瓜种质资源遗传亲缘关系的RAPD分析

利用ＲＡＰＤ技术对多个生态型的黄瓜材料的遗传亲缘关系进行了研究。从２００个１０碱基随机引物中筛选出２０个用于ＰＣＲ反应,３９．２％的扩增条带表现多态性;每个生态型品种都具有其特有的扩增（缺失）带以区别其他生态型品种;聚类分析将供试材料分为３大类群：华北类群、华南类群和欧洲温室类群。从分子水平验证了传统的黄瓜地域分类标准及黄瓜是遗传基础狭窄的蔬菜作物。对利用ＲＡＰＤ技术进行亲缘控制研究的可能性进行了探讨。     

黄瓜叶片衰老过程中脂滴的原位降解和液泡内降解

对黄瓜不同发育阶段叶片中的脂滴进行超微观察,以期了解衰老叶内脂滴降解的场所。结果表明,衰老叶片中部分质体小球在叶绿体内降解,降解先从小球一侧开始,向另一侧推进。衰老叶片含有胞质脂滴,有些胞质脂滴紧贴叶绿体,显示其发生与叶绿体密切相关;有些胞质脂滴与液泡密切接触,并向液泡内转运,进入液泡后发生降解。显然,黄瓜叶衰老不仅引起脂滴在液泡内降解,也引起脂滴在叶绿体内原位降解,证明液泡并不是脂滴降解的唯一场所。