Conduciveness of different soilless growing media to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pythium</Emphasis> root and crown rot of cucumber under near-commercial conditions

Substrates made from rockwool, coir dust, pumice and perlite were compared for conduciveness to Pythium root and crown rot in cucumber under near-commercial conditions. Rockwool slabs of 7 cm height were more conducive to the Pythium disease than coir dust slabs, pumice or perlite under these conditions. Temperature, oxygen concentration and water content were determined in the substrates to explain differences in conduciveness between the inorganic substrates rockwool, pumice and perlite by differences in the physical conditions. Temperature and oxygen concentration could not explain the differences but the higher disease level on rockwool was associated with a much higher water content of this substrate as compared to coir dust, pumice and perlite. Increasing the height of the substrate from 7 to 14 cm greatly decreased the percentage of diseased plants due to the Pythium disease on rockwool but had no effect on the level of disease on perlite when the substrate had been infested 4 cm below the planting hole. This difference in response in substrate height between rockwool and perlite could be explained by a much larger decrease in water content with substrate height in the rockwool than in the perlite substrate. Temperature in the substrates were above 30 °C for more than 6 h on sunny days in June and reached maximum values of 35 °C or more. These temperatures are highly favourable for the pathogen P. aphanidermatum but will have adverse effects on most biocontrol strains.     

土传黄瓜立枯病高效拮抗菌的筛选鉴定及其生物效应

采用平板对峙法从黄瓜根际土壤中分离出的400余株细菌菌株中筛选出16株对立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani具有拮抗效果的菌株,抑菌带直径在0.81～1.93 cm之间。并从中选出3株抑菌带直径在1.6cm以上的菌株N33、N35和N43,结合形态、生理生化特性及16S rDNA序列比对分析,鉴定N33菌株为假单胞菌属Pseudomonas sp.,N35和N43菌株为芽胞杆菌属Bacillus sp.。通过在黄瓜育苗基质中添加选育的高效拮抗菌株,观测其对黄瓜苗生长的促进作用以及对立枯病的防治作用,3株菌株均具有促进黄瓜苗期生长和防治苗期立枯病的作用,其中N43菌株促生及防病效果均最显著,地上部鲜重比对照处理增加62.16%,防治效果达62%。     

几种黄瓜常见病虫害及防治

笔者介绍几种常见黄瓜常见病虫害白粉病、霜霉病、炭疽病、枯萎病、灰霉病、蚜虫、红蜘蛛和白粉虱的表现症状及防治方法。     

论黄瓜杂交制种技术

黄瓜杂交制种的目的和生产商品黄瓜不同,所以在栽培管理和采取的技术措施也不尽相同,从6个方面对黄瓜制种问题作详尽介绍。     

海参多肽提取工艺研究

[目的]研究提高海参多肽得率及其活性的工艺。[方法]探讨复配法对海参多肽得率及活性的影响,用谷胱甘肽作标准,采用邻二氮菲法测定其活性指标。[结果]海参多肽在VC0.1%、VE0.2%、卵磷脂2.0%条件下,样品活性比市售产品高50%左右,得率7.12%。[结论]该研究为海参深加工提供了有效思路。     

生物有机肥在日光温室黄瓜上的应用效果研究

研究生物有机肥对黄瓜生长及产量的影响,为日光温室黄瓜生产科学应用生物有机肥提供技术依据。在丁集镇娘庄村的日光温室内进行田间试验,品种为津春3号,以不施用肥料的土壤为对照,研究施用化肥、生物有机肥与化学肥料配合施用、施用生物有机肥对黄瓜生长、产量、品质等的影响。通过对黄瓜植株性状、产量性状等方面的考察发现,在日光温室内应用肥料均可以促进黄瓜根系的生长、培育壮苗,提高黄瓜的产量性状,增强黄瓜的光合效率,增加黄瓜的产量,改善黄瓜的商品性和品质,增加黄瓜的经济效益,但是以生物有机肥与化学肥料配合施用的效果最好。在日光温室内施用生物有机肥可以促进黄瓜的生长,增加黄瓜产量,提高日光温室种植黄瓜的经济效益。     

露地黄瓜新品种天农1号的选育

天农1号是以优良自交系SY09-12-20和GY99-7-4杂交而成的优良黄瓜一代杂种。该品种植株生长势强,叶片中等,主蔓结瓜为主,第1雌花始于主蔓第6节左右,每隔3～4节出现1节雌花。瓜条生长速度快,商品性好,瓜条顺直,深绿色,光泽度好,刺瘤较密,瓜长35 cm左右,瓜把短,约4.5 cm,单瓜质量200 g左右,畸形瓜率低,口感脆甜,每公顷产量可达90 000 kg。高抗霜霉病、抗白粉病和枯萎病。适宜在国内大部分地区露地栽培。     

天竺葵提取物对黄瓜病菌的抑制作用

采用天竺葵(Pelargonium hortorum)叶片提取物对黄瓜的镰刀菌(Fusarium oxyporum)、链格孢菌(Alternaria cucumerina)、蔓枯病菌(Ascochyta citrullina)进行抑菌实验.结果表明,天竺葵提取物对3种黄瓜病菌的菌丝生长均有一定的抑制作用,且抑制效果与提取物浓度呈正相关,提取物对蔓枯菌菌丝生长的抑制作用最强,对镰刀菌菌丝生长的抑制作用次之,对链格孢菌菌丝生长的抑制效果最弱.     

莱芜烟区主要病毒病发生特点及防治对策

介绍了莱芜烟区烟草普通花叶病和黄瓜花叶病毒病的发生特点,分析了其发生规律、致病因素,并提出相应的防治对策,以便能更好地防控莱芜地区烟草病毒病的发生。     

复方中药提取物对植物枯萎病原菌的影响

探讨复方中药提取物对植物枯萎病原菌的影响,以为生产用药提供理论依据。结果表明:5个浓度的药液,均有不同程度地抑制西瓜枯萎病原菌和黄瓜枯萎病原菌的作用,其抑制作用随浓度增高而显著增加。即使在低浓度0.031 3 g/mL时,对该2种病原菌仍有较好的抑制效果。