花生新品种引进试种初报

对惠安县6个新引进的花生新品种进行试种比较,结果表明：泉花8号产量最高,比对照泉花7号增产25.5%;粤油7号比对照增产15.8%,居第2位;其他品种3个比对照增产、1个比对照减产。     

甘蓝型优质杂交油菜产量与品质性状的相关分析（英文）

[目的]为了探明油菜产量与其品质性状的关系。[方法]以三北98和油研599为材料,采用正交旋转设计研究甘蓝型优质杂交油菜产量与品质性状的相关。[结果]结果表明：①三北98和油研599油菜品种产量对品质性状的影响均以芥酸含量的变异系数最大,但两个品种的芥酸含量均低于2%,且三北98为0.90%,油研599为1.24%;棕榈酸含量的变异系数最小。②不同产量水平下各品质性状的差异,三北98以廿碳烯酸的含量存在显著差异,油研599仅有种子蛋白质的含量存在极显著差异,而两个油菜品种各品质组合性状间均无显著差异。③产量与品质性状的相关,芥酸、含油率与产量呈负相关,种子蛋白质、亚油酸、亚麻酸含量与产量呈正相关,且硫苷、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、廿碳烯酸与产量的相关系数较小,饱和脂肪酸、脂蛋总量、不饱和指数、不饱和脂肪酸、18碳脂肪酸总量、不饱和脂肪酸总量与芥酸链脂肪酸总量之比、油酸与亚油酸之和与产量呈正相关,芥酸链脂肪酸总量与产量呈负相关。④同一品种产量大幅度增加时,芥酸和含油量、芥酸链脂肪酸总量呈降低趋势,而种子蛋白质、亚油酸、亚麻酸、饱和脂肪酸、脂蛋总量、不饱和指数、不饱和脂肪酸总量、18碳脂肪酸总量、不饱和脂肪酸总量与芥酸链脂肪酸总量之比、油酸与亚油酸之和呈升高趋势。⑤种子蛋白质含量增加,饼粕品质变优;不饱和指数增加,油的稳定性降低;不饱和脂肪酸总量、油酸与亚油酸之和总量增加,有利于人体吸收利用的脂肪酸总量增加。[结论]为优质杂交油菜的高产保优栽培提供了理论依据。     

富硒花生品种筛选及外源调控花生富硒生产技术研究

本研究通过田间试验,测定不同花生品种的自然富硒能力及对外源硒的利用指数,然后通过施用外源硒,研究不同调控措施对花生籽粒硒含量及外源硒利用率的影响,为富硒花生生产提供技术参考。研究结果表明:自然条件下,12个花生品种春花生籽粒的硒含量在0.041～0.180 mg/kg,秋花生籽粒的硒含量在0.039～0.066 mg/kg,外源硒的利用指数为2.3～3.7。施用外源硒肥均能显著提高花生籽粒硒含量,含硒肥料基施、淋施和叶面喷施情况下,花生籽粒对外源硒的利用率分别为0.056%～0.064%、0.23%～0.25%和3.74%～4.99%。可见,不同花生品种间硒的富集能力和对外源硒利用能力均有差异,而叶面喷施的硒肥施用方式下花生对外源硒的利用率最高。     

绿竹不同栽培类型RAPD分子标记的研究

利用RAPD标记对22个不同栽培类型的绿竹进行多态性分析.从粗筛后的94个10 bp随机引物中筛选出20个有效引物,共扩增出113条DNA带,其中91条为多态性带,占总数的80.5%.不同引物扩增出不同的DNA指纹图谱.利用POPGEN32进行聚类分析,结果表明:聚类结果可将绿竹的不同栽培类型区分开来;这些不同栽培类型绿竹的遗传距离为0.122 2~0.815 4,大部分在0.6以下;RAPD分子标记对竹类植物种下等级进行分类有一定的意义.     

ROOT ZONE TEMPERATURE INFLUENCES ZINC REQUIREMENT OF MAIZE CULTIVARS ON A CALCAREOUS LOAM SOIL

The zinc (Zn) requirement of a maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid (‘FHY-396’) and an indigenous variety (‘EV-7004’) was measured at low (22.4 ± 5°C) and high (28.8 ± 5°C) root-zone temperatures (RZT). Four Zn rates (0, 3, 9 and 27 mg kg^?1 soil) were applied to a calcareous loam soil in pots for the glasshouse study. Shoot and root dry matter yields were significantly more at the higher RZT. Regardless the RZT, maximum relative shoot dry matter yield in hybrid and variety was produced, respectively, at 9 and 3 mg Zn kg^?1 soil. Zinc concentration in roots and shoots of both the cultivars increased with Zn rates and it was significantly more at the higher RZT. Cultivars differed in critical Zn concentration (C_ZnC) required for maximum shoot dry matter yield. The C_ZnC ranged from 25 to 39 μg Zn g^?1 plant tissue for optimum growth of both the cultivars at low and high RZT.     

茶树油清除豇豆农药残留的效果

为研究茶树油清除果蔬农药残留的效果,该试验选取豇豆为供试材料,以不同浓度的茶树油和水溶性茶树油等清洗处理,利用气相色谱和气相色谱-质谱联用检测豇豆内有机磷类、拟除虫菊酯类和氨基甲酸酯类的农药残留量,计算农药清除率。供试7种农药中,水胺硫磷、马拉硫磷、氧乐果、三唑磷、毒死蜱、氯氰菊酯和速灭威在豇豆中的初始浓度分别为:20.395、1.690、6.524、10.719、0.160、12.104和23.057mg/kg。茶树油处理后检测结果表明,茶树油具有清除残留在豇豆中农药的能力,清除效果随茶树油浓度增加而增强;清除有机磷类农药效果较拟除虫菊酯类和氨基甲酸酯类农药明显。茶树油比去离子水、市售果蔬农残清洗剂清除农药残留效果显著,同时,相同浓度的水溶性茶树油比相应茶树油清除农药残留能力强。0.8%水溶性茶树油清除效果最佳,清除率分别为水胺硫磷80.48%,马拉硫磷94.54%,三唑磷82.79%,毒死蜱84.58%,氧乐果72.20%,氯氰菊酯80.51%,速灭威72.21%。通过研究结果可知,茶树油可作为有开发前景的果蔬清除剂。     

鄂西南地区2012-2014年稻瘟病菌致病性变化分析

为研究鄂西南地区稻瘟病病菌的致病型,将2012-2014年采自鄂西南地区感病水稻并分离保存的136个菌株分别接种到7个中国鉴别品种和15个水稻抗稻瘟病单基因系品种上,以中国鉴别品种中的丽江新团黑谷为感病对照,基于7个中国鉴别品种的鉴定结果表明:136个菌株中有121个具有致病性,分属于ZA、ZB、ZC、ZE、ZF、ZG共6群11个生理小种,ZB为优势种群,但ZC频率逐年升高,到2014年与ZB势均力敌;ZB13为第一优势生理小种,ZC15和ZB15所占比例逐年升高.15个水稻抗稻瘟病菌单基因系的鉴定结果将121个菌株分为77个致病型,且不同年份分离的菌株致病力差异较大.90%以上菌株对含有Pib、Pit和Pi11抗病基因的水稻单基因系有致病力,而对含有Pi9和Pikh抗病基因的水稻单基因系的致病力较弱,不到10%.此结果可以为育种工作者及当地农业部门的品种布局提供参考.     

Differential effect of nematicide treatments on tuber yields in early- and late-maturing potato cultivars

A 3-year field study examined the effects of 1,3-dichloropropene or oxamyl on tuber yields in four early- and five late-maturing potato cultivars. The nematicide treatments increased total tuber yield by ≈ 12% for early-maturing cultivars, but by less than 2% for the late-maturing cultivars. The treatments reduced the numbers of root lesion nematodes (primarily Pratylenchus penetrans ), which were the dominant plant parasitic nematodes at the site. Covariance analysis indicated that treatment effects on total tuber yield were no longer significant after adjusting for root lesion nematodes in soil at harvest, confirming that these nematodes had a direct effect on the host. As expected, there were significant inverse relationships ( P  = 0·05) between total tuber yields and numbers of root lesion nematodes in soil and in roots. However, the application of nematicides in late-maturing cultivars was found to be of no practical value. Crop production systems designed to reduce or optimize pesticide applications can form one criterion in the development of more environmentally sensitive management strategies. The merit of utilizing chemicals for root lesion nematode control are considered with regard to cultivar maturity.     

Effect of Planting Sequence and Time, and Nitrogen on Maize Legume Intercrop Yield

Productivity of maize ( Zea mays L.) legume intercrops is determined by soil, management, and environment. Planting sequence and time and N fertilization are easily controlled management factors but their effects on intercrop yields are not well understood. Maize grown in monoculture or intercropped with polebean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) or cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata [L.] Warp.) was studied for two growing seasons at Morgantown, WV. Crops were seeded in the following sequences: maize before legume, both at the same time, and legume before maize. Planting times were early May or mid June. Nitrogen was applied at 0 or 160 kg ha⁻¹. Maize grain and forage, legume grain and forage, and total forage production were determined on a dry matter basis. Intercropping (average of all treatments) reduced maize grain and forage yields compared to maize in monoculture but had no effect on total forage production. However, total forage production was greatest when the seeding sequence was maize intercropped at the same time or before cowpea. Cowpea never produced grain, but forage production was almost double that of polebean. Maize produced most forage when seeded before the legumes, and the legumes produced most forage when seeded before maize. Early planting increased maize production and decreased legume production. Nitrogen increased maize grain, maize forage, and total forage yields but had not effect on legume forage production. It is concluded that maize/legume intercrops show promise for increasing forage production in temperate areas and more research on planting times and densities, weed control, harvesting and management is needed.     

Characterization of citrus germplasm including unknown variants by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers

Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to study phylogenetic relationships among 33 citrus genotypes including several undefined local or native varieties as well as some known varieties in the Fars Province of Iran.