河南省典型覆膜作物地膜残留状况及其影响因素研究

2011—2014年采用问卷调查及取样检测方法对河南省典型覆膜作物(花生、棉花)地膜残留状况进行系统调查,分析其影响因素,并通过定点试验监测方法研究地膜残留系数,以期为河南省地膜残留防治提供参考。结果表明,河南省花生、棉花覆膜种植区土壤耕层地膜残留量为6.8~37.3 kg/hm2,平均值为20.4 kg/hm2。花生地块地膜平均残留量为24.9 kg/hm2,棉花地块为13.5kg/hm2。不同取样点地膜残留量存在明显差异,主要与作物类型、地膜用量、覆膜比例、覆膜年限、土壤质地及回收情况有关,地膜用量越大、覆膜比例越高、覆膜年限越长,地膜回收率越低,地膜残留污染的风险越大;棉花地块的地膜残留量明显低于花生地块。花生和棉花地块的地膜残留系数分别为0.71%和1.11%。目前,河南省花生、棉花覆膜种植区地膜污染状况较轻,但如果不注重地膜回收工作,残留量会逐年增加,成为地膜残留污染区域。     

龟纹瓢虫捕食棉蚜的功能反应与寻找效应研究

测定龟纹瓢虫Propylaeajaponica(Thunberg)捕食棉蚜Aphis gossypii(Glover)的功能反应和寻找效应.结果表明,其捕食量随猎物的密度增加而上升,当猎物增加到一定水平,捕食量趋向稳定.拟合捕食功能反应曲线,符合Hol1ing功能反应Ⅱ型,其模型为Na=1.1837N/1+0.0059N.日最大捕食量为226头.龟纹瓢虫寻找效应随自身密度增加而降低,模型为E=0.5981×P-1 7081.干扰反应模型为E=0.9733×P-2.076.3个模型为正确评价龟纹瓢虫控制棉蚜的作用提供了科学依据.     

陆地棉细胞质雄性不育突变体的发现与鉴定

在陆地棉群体中发现一个雄性不育突变体,并对之进行了鉴定,确定为细胞质雄性不育突变体。该突变体对于研究棉花雄性不育的细胞质遗传机理,将具有重要的种质利用价值。     

不同施肥量对北疆高产棉花冠层结构、养分吸收和产量构成的影响

为了对膜下滴灌棉花高产高效栽培的施肥措施提供理论依据,采用小区实验,研究不同氮、磷、钾施用量对棉花冠层结构、养分吸收和产量的影响。结果表明：随着施肥量的增加棉花叶面积指数在盛铃期以前显著增加,盛铃期及以后叶面积指数呈现先增加后减少的趋势,其峰值出现在盛铃期。在盛铃期植株氮、磷、钾的含量随着施肥量的增加而增加。随着施肥量的增加棉花平均叶簇倾角变大,株型变的紧凑,但施肥量过多会导致棉花群体叶面积增加过多,群体散射辐射与直射辐射透过系数小,冠层结构不良,削弱了棉花个体发育,造成单株成铃数和单铃重降低。随施肥量的增加棉花产量有显著差异,表现为先增加后减少的趋势。表明施肥过量或过低棉花均难以获得高产,对于北疆地区棉花高产栽培建议棉花滴灌施肥量为尿素639.60 kg/hm²、磷酸一铵177.67 kg/hm²、硫酸钾施148.06 kg/hm²。     

Expression profiling of transgenes (Cry1Ac and Cry2A) in cotton genotypes under different genetic backgrounds

Transgenic cotton carrying the CrylAc gene has revolutionized insect pest control since its adoption,although the development of resistance in insect pests has reduced its efficacy.After 10 years of cultivating Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) cotton with a single Cry1 Ac gene,growers are on the verge of adopting Bt cotton that carries the double gene(Cry1 Ac+Cry2 A) due to its better effectiveness against insect pests.Thus,the current study was designed to evaluate the role of each gene in the effect...     

转基因抗虫棉施肥技术研究

采取施基肥、追肥和叶面喷肥的方法，对转基因抗虫棉的施肥技术进行了研究。结果表明：重施基肥、早施追肥、增施钾肥、叶面喷肥是转基因抗虫棉施肥技术的核心。重施基肥，增施钾肥，氮、磷、钾合理配施对转基因抗虫棉前期弱生长势的快速转化具有重要作用，干物质积累比对照提高15％～20％，皮棉增产8．4%～19．o％；追肥以初花期为宜，分别比盛蕾期和盛花期追肥增产7．1％和14．8％；叶面喷施KH：PO4及与尿素和硼肥的混合液2～3次，能明显减轻后期早衰，增产明显。     

钾对棉花叶片干物质消长及生理活性的影响

１９９１￣１９９２年研究了钾对中棉１２和中棉１７主茎叶干物重的消长规律及叶片生理活性的影响，结果表明，施钾促进了棉株主茎叶干物质积累，延长了主茎叶的寿命，同时钾还可促进叶绿素，硝态氮的合成，增强了棉株体内的硝酸还原酶，ＳＯＤ的活性，但不同品种对钾的效应不同，钾对中棉１７的效应大于中棉１２。     

陆地棉棕色纤维色泽的遗传分析

以抗虫陆地棉119-1和GK-2分别与棕色棉2号杂交组合的P1、P2、F1、B1、B2和F2 6个家系为材料,借助色差计分析仪,对棕色纤维的遗传进行了研究,结果表明：在这2个组合中,棕色纤维色泽性状受1对不完全显性基因控制,色泽值的大小与纤维品质性状密切相关,色差值越大,纤维品质越差。     

Relationship Between Leaf C/N Ratio and Insecticidal Protein Expression in Bt Cotton as Affected by High Temperature and N Rate

Expression of insecticidal protein for transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） cotton is unstable and related to nitrogen metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between leaf carbon nitrogen ratio （C/N） and insecticidal efficacy of two Bt cotton cultivars. C/N ratio and Bt protein content were both measured at peak square period and peak boll period respectively under 5-7 d high temperature and different nitrogen fertilizer rates on the Yangzhou University Farm and the Ludong Cotton Farm, China. All plants were grown in field. The results showed that the C/N ratio enhanced slightly and the Bt protein content remained stable at peak square period, but significant increases for the C/N ratio and decreases markedly for the leaf Bt protein concentration were detected at the peak boll period. The similar patterns at the two growth periods were found for the leaf C/N ratio and Bt protein content by different N fertilizer treatments. When nitrogen rate was from 0 to 600 kg ha-l, the C/N ratio was reduced by 0.017 and 0.006 for Sikang 1 and Sikang 3 at peak square period, compared to the 1.350 to 1.143 reduction for Sikang 1 and Sikang 3 at peak boll period, respectively. Correspondingly, the leaf Bt protein contents were bolstered by 2.6-11.8 and 26.9-36.9% at the two different growth periods, respectively. The results suggested that enhanced C/N ratio by high temperature and nitrogen application may result in the reduction of inseetiocidal efficacy in Bt cotton, especially in peak boll period.     

陆地棉目标性状育种基因库的建立与育种利用初探

分析了棉花遗传研究群体与育种群体的特点及传统育种方法存在的问题,提出建立“陆地棉目标性状育种基因库“来提高育种效率和加速育种进程的设想,并介绍了“陆地棉目标性状育种基因库“初步建立和利用情况.