枣不同品种果核性状研究

枣核是鉴定品种的重要特征,对冬枣、榆次团枣、婆婆枣、紫圆枣等37个枣品种和1个毛叶枣品种台湾青枣的果核和种仁的外部形态指标进行了详细地描述和测量,以研究枣不同品种果核、种仁各数量指标间的相关性,得出核纵径和核喙长的线性方程Y=-0.064 1+0.184X。     

Genetic parameters and expected gains from selection for monoterpene yields in Petford Eucalyptus camaldulensis

Genetic parameters were estimated for yield of 1,8-cineole and total monoterpenes as a fraction of leaf weight in nineteen open-pollinated families of Petford origin at 3.75 years in two progeny/provenance trials of E. camaldulensis in Zimbabwe. Both traits appear to be highly heritable and, as expected, were strongly genetically correlated, with narrow-sense individual heritabilities near 0.50. Expected gain in the first generation following individual selection in the trials of one tree in 10 for either trait is about 25–32%.Genetic correlations between growth traits and 1,8-cineole yield were small. This indicates that both traits might be improved concurrently thus enhancing the economics of growing Petford E. camaldulensis for wood and medicinal oil. However, the presence of moderate and unfavourable genetic correlations between growth traits and total yield of monoterpenes warrants further study. It was not possible to gauge the significance of apparent family × site interaction for 1,8-cineole yield in this study. However, a test of rank correlation showed an association (Ip<0.01) between family rankings on each site and the highest-yielding trees on both sites came from the same families. This raises the possibility of being able to select individuals for cloning that yield well over a range of site conditions.     

水稻品种产量性状的遗传相关及通径分析

通过对水稻品种的几个主要产量性状的遗传相关和通径分析表明,结实率、每穗实粒数、穴穗数与产量间有较高的遗传相关和通径系数。在选育水稻新品种中,应在稳定千粒重和较高结实率的基础上,把穗实粒数和穴穗数作为重点选择指标,可望选育出高产水稻品种。     

Multivariate analysis of morphological characters in Setaria leiantha Hackel

Summary Continuous characters related to plant morphology and seed production were measured in eight populations of Setaria leiantha. Phenotypic variation for 12 traits was analyzed by multivariate methods. A canonical variate analysis provided a preliminary criteria for distinguishing the populations. The first three canonical components account for 93% of the total variance. Seed weight per ear was the most important character to discriminate among populations. The preliminari groups formed will serve as centers of diversity for future collections.     

Causes of negative correlations between grain yield and grain protein concentration in common wheat

Summary In a study designed to investigate the nature and basis of the relationships between grain yield (GY) and grain protein concentration (GBC) in common wheat, 11 populations, including 4 homozygous-homogeneous and 7 heterozygous-heterogeneous populations, were evaluated in a space planted and a solid seeded trial. Analysis of yield and protein data from each population revealed that phenotypic and environmental correlations between GY and GPC were negative and highly significant, whereas genetic correlation was significant in only one of 7 segregating populations studied. These results suggested that the inverse relationships between GY and GPC, although phenotypically real, were not caused by genetic factors. It would appear that environmental factors, source-sink interactions, and dilution of protein by non-protein compounds were the major agents that caused undesirable associations between the two traits.Contribution No. of the Department of Plant Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G2P5     

Phenotypic,genotypic and environmental correlation in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Summary Twelve inbred lines of tomato and their 132 hybrids (reciprocals were considered separately) were studied in four environments: glasshouse and open air, with and without plastic cover. Nine characters were recorded and the phenotypic and environmental correlations between them were obtained within environments and for the complete set of data. Characters showing the highest phenotypic correlation with yield were fruits per cluster and earliness in harvesting, but neither of them is useful for indirect selection for yield. To the contrary, leaves between racemes can be used when selecting for fruits per cluster. Environmental correlations were generally low, excepting total yield in fruits per cluster.Broad sense heritabilities were obtained, which were rather high for fruit weight, locules per fruit, fruits per cluster and leaves between clusters. Some cases in which phenotypic correlations were rather constant for the different environments in spite of the great differences recorded for the genotypic correlation coefficients, are explained because of the great weight (i.e., considering heritabilities) of environmental correlations on phenotypic correlations.     

杂交水稻干物质生产和光合特性与籽粒饱满度研究

对籼型和籼粳杂交稻干物质生产和光合特性及其与籽粒饱满度关系的研究表明，籼粳杂交水稻比籼型杂交稻具有更强的干物质４产优势，但器官间干物质分配率及其不同生长时期干物质积累率不平衡，导致茎叶干物质转换率和灌浆盛期群体净同化率较低，后期叶面积指数较大。影响籼粳杂交稻籽粒饱满度的主要因素是茎叶干物质转换率和孕穗后的群体净同化率以及群体生长率。     

大豆叶片主要生理作用间的相关性研究

利用Minicuvette-CO_2和H_2O分析系统对大豆全生育期间植株叶片主要生理作用变化进行了活体、同步跟踪测定及25个品种间的同步比较测定,并用数理分析方法剖析了叶片光合、蒸腾、呼吸及叶导性间的相关性。结果表明,除单叶生长期光合与呼吸间呈极显著线性负相关外,光合、蒸腾、叶导性及呼吸间,无论在单叶全生长、衰老过程中或植株全生育过程中,均呈显著或极显著线性正相关;除单叶旺盛功能期光合与叶导性间的偏相关系数不显著外,光合、蒸腾和叶导性间,以及光合与呼吸间还存在着显著或极显著二级偏正相关;这类生理作用间所表现出的相关性是具有遗传基础的。     

Differences in early growth of shoots and roots in potato clones

Summary Genetic differences have been found between potatoclones in early growth of shoots, early growth of roots and in the roots/shoots ratio. The early growth of shoots was positively correlated with the early growth of roots both in the variation of individual plants within a clone and in the variation of individual clones. Clones with greater early shoot growth exhibited earlier tuber growth and had a shorter growing period. Clones with a higher roots/shoots ratio exhibited delayed tuber formation and a longer growing period. The possibility of applying these results to the selection of high-yielding clones is discussed.

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Zusammenfassung In 25 Kartoffelklonen, die auf leichten, trockenen B?den vergleichsweise gute Ertr?ge brachten, wurde 1975 und 1976 das frühe Wachstum gemessen. In jedem Jahr wurden bei 4 Pflanzen pro Klon an drei Ernteterminen folgende Messungen durchgeführt: Gewicht der Stengel. Gewicht der Wurzeln und das Verh?ltnis Wurzel: Stengel. Die selben Klone wurden zwei Jahre in Feldversuchen auf leichten, trokkenen B?den geprüft. In den Kartoffelklonen wurden genetische Unterschiede in Bezug auf das frühe Wachstum der Stengel, der Wurzeln und das Verh?ltnis Wurzel: Stengel gefunden (Tabelle 1). Das frühe Wachstum der Stengel war mit dem frühen Wachstum der Wurzeln positiv korreliert, sowohl in der Variation zwischen Einzelpflanzen des Klons als auch Zwischen den Klonen (Tabelle 2, Fig. 1). Bei Klonen mit einem st?rkeren frühen Wachstum der Stengel setzte die Knollenbildung früher ein und die Wachstumszeit war kürzer. Klone mit einem h?heren Verh?ltnis Wurzeln: Stengel zeigten eine verz?gerte Knollenbildung und eine l?ngere Wachstumszeit (Tabelle 3). Burton (1966) und Raeuber & Engel (1963) weisen daraufhin, dass hoch ertragsreiche Kartoffeln eine schnelle Entwicklung verbunden mit einem verl?ngerten Wachstum besitzten sollten. Die gezeigten Ergebnisse deuten an, dass die erw?hnten Kennzeichen auf einfache Weise im frühen Wachstum von Kartoffelklonen bestimmt werden k?nnen: grosses G ewicht der Stengel zeigt eine schnelle Entwicklung an und ein grosses Verh?ltnis Wurzeln: Stengel ein verl?ngertes Wachstum. In Versuchsmaterial wurden 2 Klone gefunden, in denen ein h?heres Gewicht der Stengel mit einem gr?sseren Verh?ltnis Wurzeln: Stengel (Fig. 1) kombiniert ist. Die m?gliche Bedeutung dieser Ergebnisse für die Züchtung hoch ertragsreicher Kartoffeln wird diskutiert.

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Résumé Dans 25 clones produisant bien en sols légers et déficients en eau, la croissance en début de végétation a été mesuré en 1975 et 1976. Chaque année, pour chaque clone, à trois dates de récolte, les mesures suivantes ont été effectuées sur 4 plantes: poids des pousses, poids des racines et rapport racines/pousses. Les mêmes clones ont aussi été testés pendant deux ans au champ, en sols légers et déficients en eau. Des différences génétiques ont été trouvées entre clones au niveau de la croissance des pousses, des racines, du rapport racines/pousses (tableau 1). Des corrélations positives intraclones et interclones entre croissance des pousses et des racines sont notées (tableau 2, fig. 1). Les clones qui produisent plus grandes pousses tubérisent plus t?t et ont une durée de végétation plus courte. Ceux qui ont un ratio racines/pousses plus élevé ont un retard de tubérisation et une durée de végétation prolongée (tableau 3). Burton (1966), Raeuber & Engel (1963) suggèrent qu’un bon rendement correspond à un développement précoce et rapide de la plante et à une végétation prolongée. Les résultats montrent que ces éléments peuvent être déterminés de fa?on simple en début de végétation des clones: un poids de pousse élevé indique un développement rapide et précoce et un rapport racines/pousses élevé indique une végétation de longue durée. Dans le matériel expérimenté, 2 clones présentaient à la fois le poids de pousses le plus élevé et le ratio racines/pousses le plus élevé (fig. 1). La possibilité d’utiliser les résultats pour la création de variétés productives est discutée.