Development of a Highly Informative Microsatellite （SSR） Marker Framework for Rice （Oryza sativa L.） Genotyping

To select highly informative microsatellite markers （SSRs） and establish a useful genetic SSR framework for rice genotyping, 15 rice （Oryza sativa L.） cultivars including six indica varieties and nine japonica varieties were used to analyze the polymorphism information content （PIC） value of 489 SSR markers. A total of 1 296 alleles were detected by 405 polymorphic markers with an average of 3.2 per locus. The PIC value of each chromosome was ranged from 0.4039 （chromosome 2） to 0.5840 （chromosome 11）. Among the two rice subspecies, indica （0.3685-0.4952） gave a higher PIC value than japonica （0.1326-0.3164） and displayed a higher genetic diversity. Genetic diversity of indica was high on chromosome 12 （0.4952） and low on chromosome 8 （0.3685）, while that for japonica was high on chromosome 11 （0.3164） and low on chromosome 2 （0.1326）. A SSR framework including 141 highly informative markers for genotyping was selected from 199 SSR markers （PIC〉0.50）. Ninety-three SSR markers distributed on 12 chromosomes were found to be related to indica-japonica differentiation. Of these 93 pairs of SSR primers, 17 pairs were considered as core primers （all the japonica varieties have the same specific alleles, while the indica varieties have another specific alleles）, 48 pairs as the second classic primers （all the japonica or indica varieties have the same specific alleles, while the indica or japanica varieties have two or more other specific alleles ） and 28 pairs as the third classic primers （all the japonica and indica varieties have two or more alleles, but the specific alleles are different between japonica and indica）. Thirty-two SSR markers were selected to be highly informative and useful for genetic diversity analysis of japonica varieties. This work provides a lot of useful information of SSR markers for rice breeding programs, especially for genotyping, diversity analysis and genetic mapping.     

基于特征荧光信号的去囊衣带芯橘瓣分选

为实现去囊衣带芯橘瓣的机器视觉分选,给去囊衣带芯橘瓣的机器识别提供直接、准确的判别信号,采用荧光分光光度计对50颗去囊衣带芯橘瓣的橘芯和砂囊分别进行三维荧光光谱扫描,通过对橘芯、砂囊平均三维荧光光谱分析,确定了橘芯相对砂囊的特征荧光信号,据此对带芯橘瓣荧光图像识别的可行性进行了验证。检测发现,在370~390 nm紫外光激发下,橘芯和砂囊在440 nm处的荧光强度差异较大;橘芯与砂囊在370 nm紫外光激发下,440 nm处荧光强度分布的箱线图表明两者荧光强度分布存在明显差异,且以橘芯在440 nm处荧光强度的下四分位数(Q1)与砂囊在440 nm处荧光强度的上四分位数(Q3)的平均值作为分类标准,去囊衣带芯橘瓣检出准确率可达85%。对(370±2)nm激发下得到的单色(440±5)nm荧光图像进行二值化及形态学处理后,可在以砂囊为背景的橘瓣图形中显现橘芯亮斑。利用橘芯与砂囊的荧光特性差异进行机器视觉成像分析,可作为识别去囊衣带芯橘瓣的一种有效方法。     

高淀粉马铃薯种质资源核心样品的初建

以国家种质克山马铃薯试管苗保存库保存的1910份种质资源为研究材料,筛选出淀粉含量大于17%的高淀粉马铃薯种质资源103份,在22个表型性状聚类的基础上,按最大遗传距离取样法取样,并依据代表性检测加以调整,提出在生产上或育种中起过重要作用的品种(系)为必选材料,初步构建了高淀粉马铃薯种质资源核心样品16份,占高淀粉马铃薯全部种质的15.5%。     

模拟降水量条件下不同种植方式集雨效应研究

针对阴山北麓旱作区雨水蓄积利用效率低的问题,探讨本地区主要种植方式对降水的蓄积效应及降水后土壤水分变化动态。本研究采用模拟降水试验方法,对降水后农田土层水分含量的变化情况进行监测和分析,结果表明:1)在4mm降水下,粘壤土不同处理土壤贮水量显著高于对照;在12mm降水下,沙壤土不同处理土壤贮水量显著高于对照。不同降雨量粘壤土和沙壤土贮水量增量表现一致,大小顺序均为垄作全膜垄作半膜平作全膜平作半膜平作(CK)。以8mm降水为例,粘壤土各处理中,垄作全膜处理下土壤贮水增量为6.5mm,是对照的1.76倍,沙壤土各处理中,垄作全膜种植方式贮水增量是对照的3.2倍。2)垄作全膜能够将12mm以上降水蓄积在粘壤土表层,使该层土壤水分变化较小,土壤含水量基本维持在15.0%~16.5%,沙壤土蓄积雨水效果较差。3)在降水后5d内,粘壤土土壤水分变化为0~20cm土壤含水量呈降低趋势,降水后第3天该土层土壤含水量下降变缓,20~30cm土壤含水量先增加后降低,在降水后第3天达到最高,30~50cm土壤含水量均呈增加趋势;沙壤土土壤水分变化为0~30cm土壤含水量下降趋势较明显,30~50cm土壤含水量表现为先增加后降低。因此,在本地区生产条件下,垄作全膜不仅具有良好的集雨效果,而且能够将积蓄雨水主要分布于土壤表层30~50cm,从而对有限的降水资源进行再分配,提高作物的水分利用效率。     

Developing a double-antigen sandwich ELISA for effective detection of human hepatitis B core antibody

A new double-antigen sandwich ELISA for detecting antibody against the human hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) was developed, with recombinant HBc (rHBcAg) immobilized on the solid phase of the plate and a HRP–rHBcAg conjugation for detection. The rHBcAg was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by a monoclonal antibody (against HBcAg) specific affinity chromatography. This sandwich ELISA could give a semi-quantitative measurement of anti-HBc concentration in the specimen and was 32–256-folds more sensitive than the competitive ELISA. Total of 942 clinical serum samples were tested in parallel by the sandwich ELISA and the commercially competitive ELISA kit. Overall agreement of 98.4% (927 of 942 cases) was obtained. Ten of 15 (67%) discordant specimens reactive by the sandwich assay but negative by the competitive ELISA resulted from the increased sensitivity of the sandwich assay, as other hepatitis B markers present indicated previously or currently being exposed to HBV.     

回弹——取芯法测定混凝土强度的相

不破坏结构而能对已建成的混凝土结构或正在施工的混凝土工程质量进行定量的评价，这是无损测试技术要实现的根本目的。通过回弹测强建立回弹值与芯样实测抗压强度之间的关系方程，并由这种关系方程来推定整个工程混凝土的抗压强度，进而达到评价混凝土内部质量的目的，避其钻芯法造成结构或构件的局部破坏，以便更全面地反映厚实混凝土的质量情况。     

云南稻核心种质回交后代稻谷粒形性状的遗传变异

以云南稻核心种质和云南主栽籼稻品种滇屯502、粳稻品种合系35配制的杂种BC3F5和BC4F4(172份)为材料,在云南新平相同栽培条件下种植,研究供体亲本及其回交后代稻谷粒形性状的遗传变异.结果表明:1)供体亲本及其后代的谷粒长和谷粒宽遗传力较高,且均表现出较高的遗传变异,选择潜力较大.2)谷粒长、谷粒宽和谷粒长宽比3个谷粒性状的遗传变异度不同.利用供体亲本及其后代进行粒形新品种选育时,除应考虑各谷粒性状的表现特点和遗传潜力大小外,还应考虑籼粳、稻谷粒形、供体亲本与其后代的遗传差异和特点.3)籼粳间、稻谷粒形间的3个谷粒性状多样性指数均较高,表现出显著的粒形多样性.遗传改良可使粒形多样性明显降低,表现为籼稻大于粳稻,阔卵形大于椭圆形和中长形.     

科技论文集的创意设计及编制实践

对本单位《科技论文集》的编制工作进行创意设计和编制实践,即通过＂作者介绍＂、＂论文正稿＂版面等事宜的创意设计,图文并茂地记录了作者的优秀论文和科技成果,便于单位员工间的技术交流、史料存档及成果集中展示,且收到了良好的效果。其创意设计的思路及方法,具有可推广的实用价值。     

增大平菇栽培料通气性研究

将废筷子(作增氧辅料)分别捆扎成4.0%、6.0%、8.0%和10.0%的孔隙度较大的纺锤状芯,分装于以锯末为主料的栽培料中心以增大供氧量,使平菇菌丝体对主、辅料中营养物质的分解、吸收、利用与转化处于最佳代谢状态,达到快速、健壮生长的目的。结果表明:试验组比对照组发菌期缩短2.4～7.3d;鲜菇产量增加1.8～6.6kg/kg(干料);生物效率提高6.0%～21.1%。经方差分析,各处理组间的发菌期和生物效率均在0.05水平上有差异;与对照组相比,在0.01水平上有差异。