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991.
Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels with different protein‐to‐energy ratios on growth performance,feed utilization and body composition of juvenile red‐spotted grouper,Epinephelus akaara 下载免费PDF全文
J.T. Wang T. Han X.Y. Li Y.X. Yang M. Yang S.X. Hu Y.D. Jiang S. Harpaz 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2017,23(5):994-1002
An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to assess dietary protein and lipid levels on growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile red‐spotted grouper (7.85 ± 0.03 g fish?1). Nine semi‐purified diets were formulated containing varying protein levels (440–520 g kg?1, dry matter) and lipid levels (60–120 g kg?1, dry matter). The weight gain of juvenile Epinephelus akaara was affected by dietary protein (p = .005) and its interaction with dietary lipid (p = .020). Viscerosomatic index, intraperitoneal fat ratio and whole‐body lipid level increased with increasing dietary lipid level (p < .001). Nitrogen retention was not affected by dietary protein and lipid, while lipid retention decreased with increasing dietary lipid level (p < .001). The plasma blood urea nitrogen increased with increasing dietary protein level (p = .003). This study showed that diet with 520 g kg?1 protein and 60 g kg?1 lipid with 30.58 mg kJ?1 P:E provided a maximal growth for this species. Moreover, an increase in dietary lipid levels (from 60 to 90 g kg?1) could reduce the protein requirement (from 520 to 480 g kg?1) without affecting the growth performance, while higher fat deposition was observed in fish fed high‐lipid diets. 相似文献
992.
The concept of ecosystem‐based fisheries management (EBFM) has been subjected to debate since it was introduced in the late 1990s. The development of the concept seems to follow two separate but simultaneous trajectories of increased popularity but also sustained critique. This paper offers an analysis of potential mechanisms behind these disparate trajectories by drawing on a theoretical framework from science and technology studies (STS) centred around "black box" and actor‐network theory. To support our analysis, we perform an exploratory literature review of how the EBFM concept has been used in a selection of high impact fisheries research papers. We find that the popularity of EBFM does not guarantee its integrity, usefulness or analytical insight, but also that persistent critique of how the concept is used seems to be driving some change. We think that a continued trajectory of increased understanding, contextualization and discernibility of EBFM can help overcome the considerable ambiguity associated with the concept and make it increasingly useful to fisheries management. This means moving away from routine use of the term towards a practicable and tangible approach to improve fisheries sustainability. 相似文献
993.
Zhen Wang Kun Wang Junming Deng Lu Zhang Haifeng Mi Xiaolu Chen 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2018,49(5):867-876
An 8‐wk feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of varying dietary protein and lipid levels with different protein‐to‐energy (P/E) ratios on growth, feed utilization, and plasma biochemical parameters of Sinocyclocheilus graham. Nine experimental diets were formulated to contain three protein levels (35, 40, and 45%), and each with three lipid levels (4, 8, and 12%), to produce a range of P/E ratios from 71.31 to 98.64 mg protein/kcal. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 25 fish. Fish grew best when fed the diet containing 45% protein and 12% lipid. However, fish fed the diet with 40% protein and 8% lipid had similar weight gain and specific growth rate as those fed the above diet but showed relatively better feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and protein and energy retentions. Additionally, plasma total amino acids and blood urea nitrogen contents and γ‐glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase activities in fish fed the diet containing 40% protein and 8% lipid were relatively low among the dietary treatments. These results may indicate that a diet containing 40% protein and 8% lipid with P/E ratio of 84.05 mg protein/kcal would be suitable for the optimal growth, feed utilization, and health of S. graham. 相似文献
994.
995.
设计了具有主光源尧辅助光源,物镜距离可调的玉米籽粒图像采集实验箱,应用数码相机采集实验箱载物台上玉米籽粒的图像。以玉米籽粒形状特征、颜色特征为对象,分析同一物镜距离下辅助光源的放置方式与强度对图像采集的影响,光源确定的情况下物镜距离对图像采集的影响。结果表明:闪光灯留下的光斑影响特征提取,辅助光源平行和垂直放置尧物镜距离在26~31 cm范围内较佳。 相似文献
996.
997.
以宜香优2115为材料,采用二因素裂区设计:主区设小麦或油菜秸秆全量翻埋还田(M_1)和秸秆不还田对照(M_0);副区设4个氮肥管理,不施氮(N_0),基肥、分蘖肥、促花肥、保花肥氮肥施用比例为10∶0∶0∶0(N_1),基肥、分蘖肥、促花肥、保花肥氮肥施用比例为3∶3∶2∶2(N_2),基肥、分蘖肥、促花肥、保花肥氮肥施用比例为2∶2∶3∶3(N_3),研究秸秆还田和氮肥管理对直播稻的光合特性、干物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明:麦–稻或油–稻轮作下,氮肥管理对直播稻主要生育时期的干物质积累、光合特性及产量均存在显著或极显著的调控效应,秸秆还田显著影响水稻拔节期、齐穗期的叶面积指数(LAI)及群体干物质积累,同时油–稻轮作下其调控效应高于麦–稻轮作模式。秸秆不还田时,配合N_3施肥方式,可有效提高直播稻结实期剑叶净光合速率、SPAD值和叶面积指数,延缓叶片衰老,且在拔节期至成熟期间保持较高的群体生长率,干物质积累优势明显;秸秆还田下,配以基肥、分蘖肥、促花肥、保花肥氮肥施用比例为3∶3∶2∶2的管理模式,麦茬或油茬直播稻群体构建合理,结实期剑叶光合能力强,有效穗、每穗粒数较多,表现高产,产量最高可达10 090、10 693 kg/hm~2。综合分析,麦–稻或油–稻轮作下秸秆还田,配合基肥、分蘖肥、促花肥、保花肥氮肥施用比例为3∶3∶2∶2的氮肥管理模式,能实现直播稻的高产稳产。 相似文献
998.
用模拟污水在自制的活性污泥系统装置中进行不同投配比的回流剩余活性污泥(WAS)至初沉池的动态小试,当污泥的投配比为0.030g/L时,污水中Cu,Zn,Ni3种金属离子在初沉池分别可获得59%,39%和20%的去除率,总系统对污水中Cu,Zn,Ni的去除率比没有WAS回流时分别提高了23%。17%和11%,另外,回流WAS系统也改善了系统对污水中CODcr的去除率,试验结果表明将部分WAS回流至初沉池吸附去除重金属是可行和有效的。 相似文献
999.
基于时空互代法研究不同退耕年限对青海东部人工林形质的影响,为高寒丘陵区人工林经营及多功能利用提供理论依据。在青海东部西宁市大通县设置青杨、祁连圆柏、青海云杉和华北落叶松典型人工林试验样地,开展退耕年限10、20 a和30 a样地调查。以生长情况、侧枝情况和土壤养分情况作为退耕还林林木形质评价指标,运用层次分析法构建林木形质的评价体系,对4种人工林林木形质进行综合评价。干形情况对林木形质的影响最大,贡献率占0.603;生长情况对其影响次之,贡献率占0.337;侧枝情况对其影响较小,贡献率仅占0.060;16个评价指标在林木形质评价中的权重大小依次为健康情况(0.674 9)>自然整枝能力(0.598 8)>土壤有机质(0.578 7)>通直度(0.526 5)>分杈情况(0.348 0)>土壤K(0.232 5)>侧枝平均基径(0.202 7)>胸径年均生长量(0.176 9)>枝粗指数(0.150 6)>土壤N(0.139 2)>树高平均生长量(0.107 6)>高径比(0.071 5)>尖削度(0.054 0)>土壤P(0.049 6)>侧枝数(0.047 9)>冠径比(0.040 7);综合评价得分依次为青杨(81.67)>华北落叶松(80)>青海云杉(75)>祁连圆柏(60)。森林生态系统通过自我调节,其发育呈正向演替。高寒丘陵区人工林形质随退耕恢复年限增加呈先增加后减少趋势。前期造林(10 a)可迅速提高林地盖度;发育至20 a时,林地林木形质最优;退耕30 a,林下光照减少,下层出现竞争缺光,影响林地涵养水分功能发挥,影响林木形质。以层次分析法建立的林木形质评价体系可为高寒丘陵区人工林经营及多功能利用提供依据,为其他树种形质评价提供借鉴。 相似文献
1000.