胞外多聚物在污泥颗粒化过程中的作用研究

本文研究了胞外多聚物(ECP)在污泥颗粒化过程中的作用。试验采用小试UASB反应器,以人工葡萄糖配水作为进料。测定结果表明,在颗粒污泥培养过程中,随着颗粒污泥的形成、生长和成熟,污泥ECP含量逐渐下降,从开始的6.36减小到30mg/gVSS。当反应器酸化、污泥性能变差或运行不稳定时,ECP含量则表现为急剧上升,达70mg/gVSS。这些结果说明污泥颗粒化过程中ECP所起的作用不大。对有关ECP的影响及作用机理,以及污泥颗粒化机制,文章进行了分析讨论。     

保雨灌溉技术的研究与推广

保雨灌溉技术的核心是向天空要水,与蒸发夺水,充分利用自然降水和土壤水分,满足作物需要。在作物需水不足时,提取地下水补充灌溉。三年试验结果表明,保雨灌溉比常规井灌年均节水2091mm/hm~2,增产粮食2020kg/hm~2,促进了优质高效农业的发展。     

抗旱保水剂应用特性的实验研究

应用抗旱保水剂是近年来发展较快的一种非工程节水灌溉措施，在实际应用中，土、肥、水等多种因素对保水剂持水能力有很大影响。通过大量试验，对保水剂在各种应用条件下的持水特性进行了定性研究，提出了应用保水剂应注意的问题及若干建议。     

自动给水栓灌溉系统的运行模拟与研究

根据广东省台山市都斛镇水稻田控制排灌田间工程试验区的实测资料 ,探讨了在已定工作水头和输水管管径的条件下 ,不同出水口开启状况下各给水栓出流量的数学分析方法 ,同时模拟计算了不同管径 (或改变水头 )条件下给水栓系统运行状态的变化 ,并与实际观测情况进行了比较和分析     

石油污染土壤降解与土壤的环境关系

阐述了石油污染土壤的降解与土壤环境的关系;提出如何消除石油污染土壤降解的环境限制因子,为微生物降解石油提供最理想环境,是有效治理石油污染的关键.     

临河水源管井贴砾管设计参数确定

针对临河粉细砂地区水文地质实际,通过室内渗流试验及渗透试验,确定了供水管井所采用的贴砾管的最佳厚度和对应的填砾粒径,证明了贴砾管加装填砾后,出水效果(以出水量、渗透系数、出水含砂量为评价指标)均优于贴砾管,消除了设计中认为贴砾管出水效果与加装填砾无关的误解。并在几年实际应用中得到了证明。     

发动机微机控制系统性能测试仪的研究

介绍最新研制的发动机微机控制系统性能测试仪的结构和技术方案。     

两系杂交粳稻产量性状优势形成分析

采用程氏指数对两系杂交组合亲本及其杂种F1进行分类,对杂种F1产量性状与亲本及杂种F1程氏指数,杂种F1产量性状与父本产量性状进行相关分析。结果表明,偏粳×粳、偏粳×偏粳的组合杂种F1为偏粳类型。杂种F1每穗总粒数表现与双亲程氏指数差呈显著正相关,同时也受到父本性状值的影响。     

Application of urease inhibitor improves protein composition and bread‐baking quality of urea fertilized winter wheat

Background: Nitrogen losses is an economic problem for wheat production and a high risk to the environment. Therefore, improved N fertilizer management is a key to increasing the N efficiency and minimizing N losses. To increase N efficiency, enhanced fertilizers such as urea combined with urease inhibitor can be used. Aims: The aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of different N forms on grain storage protein subunits in winter wheat and to examine whether the observed changes correlate with parameters of baking quality. Methods: The investigation was performed over two consecutive years at two locations in Germany. Protein subunits were analyzed by SDS‐PAGE. Results: Protein concentrations were similarly increased after fertilization with ammonium nitrate and urea + urease inhibitor. Analysis of the individual storage protein fractions indicated that both fertilizers specifically enhanced ω‐gliadins and HMW glutenins, but the effect was more pronounced in the ammonium nitrate treatment. Application of urea + urease inhibitor had greater influence on the protein composition and resulted in higher specific baking volume as well as the best fresh keeping ability, in comparison with urea treatment. Conclusion: Considering that the urea + urease inhibitor treatment resulted in almost comparable improvements of NUE and baking quality, with the additional benefit of reduced N losses in combination with easy handling, urea + urease inhibitor can be recommended as a viable alternative to both urea alone and ammonium nitrate treatments. This opens up an opportunity for the reduction of N loss in wheat production when use of urea is preferred.     

尿素增强烯草酮胁迫下紫苏幼苗耐性的研究

为探讨烯草酮与尿素处理对紫苏生长的影响,阐明尿素对紫苏在烯草酮胁迫下耐性的调节效应。采用随机区组试验设计,在紫苏六叶期喷施不同浓度的尿素（0、1、2、4和 8 g/L）和24%烯草酮乳油（0、0.67、1.33、2.66和 3.99 mL/L）,分析其对紫苏生长、光合特性、抗逆性指标、杂草防效和产量的影响。结果表明,烯草酮抑制紫苏幼苗生长,降低光合特性,使丙二醛积累增加,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性随其浓度的增加呈先上升后下降趋势;而1～4 g/L浓度的尿素处理则促进生长,并提高了光合特性;8 g/L的尿素处理效果相反。1～4 g/L的尿素和不同浓度的烯草酮先后处理,比单施烯草酮处理的效果好,A组（先喷施尿素后喷施烯草酮）的C1N3（4 g/L尿素,0.67 ml/L烯草酮）处理可使现蕾期产量和子粒产量比单独施用烯草酮增产13.94 %和10.54 %,株防效提高11%。表明在紫苏六叶期先喷施4 g/L的尿素再喷施0.67 mL/L 的烯草酮,能显著提高紫苏幼苗在烯草酮胁迫下的耐性,提高幼苗净光合速率,促进植株生长,这些效应与其提高抗氧化酶活性有关;该施药模式具有提高防效,安全高产等特点,有较高的推广价值。