铜对肉鸡原代肝细胞活性及糖原含量的影响

为了探讨铜对肉鸡原代肝细胞活性及糖原含量的影响,试验分别用10,50,100μmol/L Cu2+在体外孵育原代肝细胞,PAS染色后测定30分钟和1,2,4,24,48,72小时各时间点的原代肝细胞活性及24小时时的糖原含量。结果表明:50μmol/L和100μmol/L Cu2+仅分别在72小时和4小时之后明显降低细胞活性;随着铜浓度的升高,糖原含量减少。说明高浓度铜可降低原代肝细胞活性,促进肝糖原分解。     

鸡蛋夏天保存过程中微生物变化比较研究

本研究探讨了鸡蛋在盛夏室内自然条件下,不同储存时间对鸡蛋微生物变化情况的影响。结果表明,鸡蛋外壳和内容物菌落总数随着存放时间(0～25d)延长呈上升趋势,变化范围分别在1.70×104～4.69×105CFU/g和0～9.5×107CFU/mL之间。鸡蛋外壳大肠菌群总数随着时间的延长先不断增加,在第15d检测时数目明显减少,第25d减少更加明显。鸡蛋蛋清和蛋黄混合物的大肠菌群总数在贮藏第1d至第4d并未检测出明显大肠菌群,从第8d随着时间的延长而不断增加,但增幅不大,第25d鸡蛋已完全变质,细菌菌落总数增幅较之前异常明显,多不可计。     

Effect of Time and Storage Conditions on Albumen Quality of Eggs from Hens Fed Vanadium

This experiment was conducted to study the albumen quality of eggs from 60-wk-old hens fed 0 or 10 ppm supplemental vanadium (V) as influenced by storage conditions and length of storage time as well as the effect of V feeding and withdrawal on albumen quality over time. After hens were fed V for 23 d, eggs were collected and stored in the laying house at ambient temperature or in a cooler (15.5°C, 60% relative humidity) for 1, 3, 5, or 7 d. Eggs were then broken, and Haugh units (HU) were calculated. Hens fed V had poorer albumen quality than eggs from birds fed the control diet (62.5 vs. 72.1 HU, respectively). Eggs stored in the layer house had poorer albumen quality than those stored in the cooler (63.9 vs. 70.7 HU, respectively). Increasing storage time also had a detrimental effect on albumen quality. Quality declined more rapidly in eggs stored at ambient temperature than in the cooler, but it was not influenced by dietary V. Thus, there was no 3-way interaction as hypothesized.After 7 d of feeding hens 10 ppm V, their eggs had poorer albumen quality than eggs from hens fed the control diet. Time analysis indicated that the significant negative effect to albumen quality occurred in V-fed hens on d 1, 2, 5, and 12 of supplementation. When these hens were then switched to the control diet after 30 d of V supplementation, albumen quality continued to decline for 2 d but did not differ by d 6 from that of eggs from hens given the control diet.     

Study on the Stability of Blue-tongue Virus after Long Time Storage in Cold Room

In order to understand the stability of blue-tongue virus (BTV)storage in cold room for long time, 18 tissue samples which were kept in 4℃ for 10 to 15 years were test by Real-time PCR, and 10 blood samples which were kept in 4℃ for 15 years were subjected to virus isolation process, then was proved by monoclonal antibody staining,research results showed all old samples were positive in Real-time PCR, further more, 5 live virus were isolated from 10 old blood samples. The results suggested the stability of BTV was higher than we thought before.     

草地生态系统碳循环研究进展

随着全球气候变化和陆地生态系统碳循环研究的发展,碳循环正成为草地生态系统研究的热点.本文在介绍其研究发展过程、主体内容和方向的同时,对目前的研究动态和研究方法进行系统的概述,重点分析了目前国内外草地生态系统碳循环过程研究、机制研究、研究方法及模型的发展动态,并对今后草地生态系统碳循环和相关研究提出了建议.     

Preparation of Pectin/Chitosan Synbiotic Microcapsules and Its Study on Simulated Gastrointestinal Environments and Storage Stability

Pediococcus acidilactici and inulin were used as wall cores,with pectin and chitosan as the shell material.The conditions of microencapsulation were optimized by analyzing the embedding rate,particle morphology,the mechanical strength,gastrointestinal tolerance in vitro and storage performance.The experimental group was divided into three groups:Free Pediococcus acidilactici group (PA),microcapsule group made by embedding Pediococcus acidilactici alone (PC(PA)MCs),synbiotic microcapsule group made by embedding inulin and Pediococcus acidilactici (PC(PA-I)MCs).The results showed that the appearance,particle size,mechanical strength and embedding rate of microcapsules were better when the mass concentration of pectin was 5 g/100 mL,the content of inulin was 25 mg/mL and the mass concentration of chitosan was 0.8 g/100 mL.Through the gastrointestinal tolerance test in vitro, it was found that PC(PA-I)MCs group was relatively stable in the artificial gastric juice in vitro (P<0.05).At the same time,it began to release rapidly in the artificial intestinal fluid in vitro at 30 min and it was almost completely disintegrated after 2 h.It was found that the cell survival rate of PA group decreased significantly at cold and room temperature through the storage test for 4 weeks.While the cell survival rate of PC(PA-I)MCs group decreased slightly.And the cell survival rate of PC(PA-I)MCs group was higher than that of PC(PA)MCs group (P>0.05).At room temperature,the cell survival rate of PC(PA-I)MCs group was higher than that of PC(PA)MCs group (P>0.05).In summary,pectin/chitosan microcapsules with inulin as probiotics had a better embedding effect on Pediococcus acidilactici.     

细叶百合低温解除休眠过程中鳞茎内糖分及相关酶的研究

通过低温处理打破细叶百合鳞茎休眠,探讨细叶百合鳞茎解除休眠过程中的糖类化合物及蔗糖、淀粉代谢酶的变化规律。结果表明,鳞茎休眠解除过程中伴随着旺盛的糖类代谢活动,淀粉含量下降,淀粉酶活性升高。内层鳞片在冷藏60 d时可溶性糖含量达到峰值,贮藏前期,蔗糖含量,蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性上升,SPS和SS协同控制蔗糖代谢及转运。冷藏条件下鳞片及顶芽内淀粉向可溶性糖方向代谢过程中促进了腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)活性的增加。各种淀粉代谢相关酶在鳞茎冷藏不同时期和不同部位的作用规律不同。鳞茎各个部位总可溶性糖含量与蔗糖、葡萄糖含量及淀粉磷酸化酶(SP)、SS、α-及β-淀粉酶活性都存在显著或极显著的正相关性。糖类代谢成为鳞茎休眠解除的物质基础。     

Effect of storage temperatures and duration on quality of prepared chicken breast with paprika oleoresin

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of storage temperatures and time on discoloration and oxidation of prepared chicken breast with paprika oleoresin. Freshly prepared chicken breast containing paprika oleoresin was stored at ?2, ?10, ?18°C, and an oscillating temperature between ?10 and ?18°C (?10/?18°C). A significant decrease in redness was detected at ?2, ?10, and ?10/?18°C. The lowest TBARS values and carbonyl contents were observed in the samples stored at ?18°C for 5 weeks. Also, the values of sulfhydryl groups gradually decreased with the increase in storage temperatures and duration. The results suggest a positive correlation between the loss of redness and oxidation in all samples. The findings indicated that the discoloration and oxidation of prepared chicken breast added with paprika oleoresin were inhibited significantly when stored at ?18°C.     

Egg storage and breeder age impact on egg quality and embryo development

Prolonged hatching egg storage (>7 days) influences internal egg quality and embryo survival during both storage and subsequent incubation. Moreover, effects of storage of hatching eggs interact with the breeder age. The aim of this review was to investigate how this interaction between storage duration and breeder age affects egg, embryo, hatchling and chicken characteristics. Prolonged storage resulted in a reduction in egg quality in both young and old breeders. This reduction was more pronounced in young flocks than in older flocks. For example, albumen pH increased more after 8 days of storage in younger flocks than in older flocks. Additionally, the embryonic morphological stage appears to increase as well with storage duration, but this increase is again more pronounced in younger flocks than in older flocks. Short storage (<7 days) seems to increase hatchability of eggs from young breeders, probably as a result of albumen liquefaction with consequently better oxygen availability for the embryo. However, long storage (>7 days) resulted in a decline in hatchability, which was stronger in older breeders than in younger breeders. Prolonged storage duration resulted in lower chicken quality in both young and old breeders, but interaction between storage duration and breeder age on multiple chicken quality parameters is not clear. Based on this review, it can be concluded that (a) Short storage can improve hatchability of eggs from young breeders, but not from older breeders. (b) Negative impact of long storage appears to be lower with young breeders than with old breeders. (c) Adapted storage conditions related to the age of breeders might be an option to reduce negative effects of prolonged storage on hatching egg quality and chicken quality.