Site index for teak in Colombia

Determination of site quality is a basic tool for proper selection of locations and species, in management of forest plantations.Throughout the Caribbean studies of site quality are few and are hampered by statistical limitations, inappropriate growth models, and limited data. We fitted growth curves for dominant height to evaluate and classify site quality of teak (Tectona grandis) plantations by using data from 44 permanent sample plots established since 1990 in 3 22 years old teak plantations in the Colombian Caribbean region. We used Korf’s and von Bertalanffy’s models to fit curves as nonlinear effects models. Both models, with a single random parameter, were considered as adequate for dominant height growth modelling, but Korf’s model was superior. There sulting curves were anamorphic and closely reflected high variability insite quality. Five site classes were clarified: at a base age of 12 years old,teak reached a mean dominant height of 24.8 m on the best sites, 9.8 m inthe worst sites, and in the averages sites, 15.8-18.8 m. Using this model,we identified the best and the worst sites for teak plantations in the Caribbean region. This model proved a useful tool, not only for site quality evaluation, but also for improved teak plantation planning and management.     

关于VFP插入记录命令的探讨

以教学管理数据库为例,在叙述SQL插入记录命令的基础上,详细论述了使用插入记录命令过程中经常遇到的各种问题及解决方法。     

结合显微镜制作蚧壳虫永久性玻片标本的方法

通过采用显微镜镜检观察,结合常规的蚧壳虫永久性玻片制作方法,在制作技法上进行整合和改进,避免了蚧壳虫的丢失,缩短了制片时间,提高了工作效率。     

新疆永久基本农田建设思考

为提高新疆永久基本农田建设水平,基于新疆基本农田保护现状,从保护中暴露出的生态环境脆弱与化肥过度使用、基本农田保护区划定要求不明确、基本农田保护区规模经营水平不高、基本农田保护措施不到位以及激励机制不健全等问题入手,对在新疆划定和建设永久基本农田进行探究,提出严格控制化肥施用量、完善永久基本农田保护区规划、加大对永久基本农田的资金投入、建立基本农田保护长效机制等对策措施。     

磁力泵传动技术的发展现状与展望

在综述磁力泵发展现状及特点和磁力传动技术中磁体排列方式发展历史的基础上,分析了影响磁力泵转矩的2个关键因素,永磁材料和磁体的排列方式。对前3代永磁材料的磁性能与温度特性进行了对比,并展望了第4代SmFeN稀土永磁材料的应用前景。通过对聚磁技术的介绍,分析了Halbach阵列应用于磁力泵的可行性,并指出Hal-bach阵列应用于磁力泵的优势,对磁力泵的小型化及超大转矩磁力泵有着广阔的应用前景。     

Nitrous oxide emissions from grass–clover swards as influenced by sward age and biological nitrogen fixation

Grassland renovation by cultivation and reseeding has been shown to increase short-term emissions of N₂O, but there is uncertainty about long-term effects, despite the potential impacts of reseeding on sward composition and soil functions. A field experiment was therefore carried out to determine how N₂O emissions from previously renovated grasslands varied in the intermediate to long-term, compared with an undisturbed permanent grassland (PG). Plots on the PG site were renovated, either two (G2) or five (G5) years prior to the two experimental years. In each sward age and experimental year, annual N₂O-measurements were conducted on a weekly basis and compared with the undisturbed PG. Plots were either unfertilized or were fertilized with slurry (240 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹). On average, annual N₂O emissions were 0.39 kg N/ha for the unfertilized swards, and 0.91 kg N/ha for slurry-fertilized swards. Sward age had no effect on N₂O emissions. With increasing sward age the proportion of legumes in the sward was reduced, but a minimum biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) of 88 kg N/ha was maintained even in the fertilized PG. Both sward age and BNF were of limited importance for the annual N₂O emissions compared with the effects of soil carbon content and nitrogen surplus levels. However, measured N₂O emissions were low in all sward age treatments, with a low risk of additional N₂O emissions when BNF is taken into account in fertilizer planning.     

黄土高原草地生产持续发展研究──Ⅰ．沙打旺人工草地衰退后的草种更替

沙打旺（Astragalus adsurgens）人工草地通常生长数年后即自然衰退。由于沙打旺具有强烈的土壤干燥化作用,在衰退草地上播种深根性豆科牧草生长不良;而播种的浅根禾本科牧草则生长正常,这就为衰退后草地的特续发展提供了人工更新草种,并为在不宜农作的土地上建立永久人工草地打下了基础。     

直驱永磁同步风电系统低电压穿越的研究

【目的】研究直驱永磁同步风电系统的控制策略,以提高其低电压穿越的能力。【方法】建立经背靠背双PWM变流器并网的直驱永磁同步风力发电系统的仿真模型,采用电流前馈控制实现两侧变换器的有功和无功功率的解耦控制。将电网电压信号引入机侧整流器参考功率的计算,提出按电网电压跌落幅度减小发电机输出功率的低电压穿越控制策略。【结果】仿真结果表明,电网电压跌落时,文章所提控制策略限制了变流器直流侧过电压和网侧逆变器过电流;辅以桨距角调节可以抑制发电机功率减小时机组机械转速的升高。【结论】保持发电机功率平衡和变流器直流侧功率平衡,可提高直驱永磁同步风电系统的低电压穿越能力,同时向系统提供无功功率支持,帮助电网电压恢复。     

福建几种母质不同水育的红壤性水稻土表面电荷特性

测定了福建省典型的4种母质发育、3种不同水育型的红壤性水稻土及起源土壤剖面的表面电荷特性参数 ZPNC,δ_P 及有关物质组成,探讨了它们之间的关系.表明:(1)ZPNC 均偏于水合氧化物 ZPC 的酸侧,剖面分布呈自上而下递增.(2)除玄武岩母质系列外,其它水稻土耕作层 ZPNC 均小于起源土壤.(3)渗育型水稻土 W_1层和潴育型水稻土 W_2层 ZPNC 较其它土层高.(4)δ_P 变化与 ZPNC 呈反相关趋势.不同水型水稻土剖面 ZPNC 变化主要受水分运动影响下的腐殖质积累和氧化铁淋淀的制约,其中活性铁 Fe(?)的影响最大.(5)不同母质的影响主要表现为高铁和低铁母质水稻土剖面 ZPNC 变异较小。中铁母质者则变异较大,同时亦受到粘粒 SiO_2和 SiO_2/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)摩尔比的影响.     

大功率永磁同步发电机低电压调整率研究

为研究大功率永磁同步发电机电压调整率的降低措施,采用场路结合法进行定性研究,然后通过有限元法进行定量研究。首先定性分析永磁同步发电机的电压调整率,然后定量分析发电机的气隙长度、定子槽型、铁心长度等参数,最后通过多参数优化永磁同步发电机电压调整率与之前的仿真比较,证实多参数优化的正确性。