基于连续清查固定样地生物量的立地质量评价

以浙江省内陆立地区——非岩成土地区山地丘陵的立地为研究对象,用998个森林资源连续清查固定样地作为建模样本,以单位面积生物量年生产量为因变量,采用以生物量为指标的直接评价法,通过逐步回归分析筛选出立地质量主导因子,根据数量化理论I模型,构建立地质量数量化评价模型,评价研究区内各立地类型的立地质量等级,估算区域内各等级林地面积。结果表明：海拔、坡位、坡向、土层厚度、腐殖质层厚度5个因子可作为立地质量评价的主导因子;以生物量作为立地质量评价指标,具有较好的生物学意义;构建的立地质量评价模型,能有效评定研究区的立地质量等级,在林业生产应用中具有现实意义。     

玻璃中永久应力的理论分析与数值模拟

为了分析玻璃退火过程中永久应力的形成规律以及应力值的大小,基于玻璃永久应力的成因分析,建立了弹性体数值模型,给出了永久应力的计算方法和步骤。根据所建模型,利用ansys软件模拟了玻璃退火过程中结构应力和残余温差应力的形成过程,发现结构应力产生于膨胀系数开始发生变化的温度567℃,停止于膨胀系数稳定时的温度480℃。并根据模拟结果,计算出了玻璃中永久应力值的大小：边部压应力1.022MPa,中部张应力0.602MPa。模拟过程比较准确地反应了实际玻璃退火过程中应力的形成过程,根据模拟值求出的应力值大小基本符合玻璃实际应力值情况。     

森林资源清查中植被调查与统计技术研究

文章提出了利用森林资源连续清查固定样地进行植被种类和生物量调查的技术方法。此方法通过选择适当时间，提高调查者相关知识，确定样地数量等措施，可满足植物区系调查的要求，对于植被类型确定，植物蕴藏量统计，经济植物开发利用保护的决策，植被演替规律的观测具有实用价值。     

永磁同步电动机的全数字式控制系统

提出了一种永磁同步电动机直接转矩控制的全数字化实施方案，电流环采用了滞环控制技术，电流调节频率达到１０ｋＨｚ，为构成永磁同步电动机全数字式交流伺服系统创造了有力条件。     

“听音辨形”——英语现场新闻听力理解的先决条件

从英语现场新闻的语音规律和语境功能的角度认识“听音辨形”的实现途径，从语音认知本质的角度尝试提高“听音辨形”的教学方法，认为英语现场新闻语音在语流中的音变规律是“听音辨形”的关键凭借，其背景声音有时候是“听音辨形”的有效辅助；由于“感知磁效”现象表明听者通过“原型音”来识别语音变体，这就意味着要从本质上提高“听音辨形”，就应拓展听者识别语音变体的能力，因而听写是从根本上提高“听音辨形”的有效方法。     

晋西北旱坡地枣树蒸腾作用与萎蔫现象研究

以木枣为试材进行枣树蒸腾作用与萎蔫现象研究 ,结果表明 :晋西北黄土丘陵旱坡地枣树叶片在正常年份内的蒸腾速率为 0 .93 μg/ (s· cm2 ) ;枣树的蒸腾系数为3 81 .66,即枣树叶片每制造 1 g干物质需要消耗水分 3 81 .66g。枣树的萎蔫现象是指果实的萎蔫和叶片的萎蔫 ,枣树幼树叶片的永久萎蔫系数为 3 .5%,而枣树大树叶片的永久萎蔫系数应低于 3 .3 6%。果实萎蔫分为暂时萎蔫和永久萎蔫。果实萎蔫时期一般是在气温最高的 7月— 8月份 ,特殊年份可持续至 9月上旬 ,枣果实开始萎蔫时的土壤水分含量在 6%左右。     

Crystallity Change of Compressed Poplar Wood Treated by PF Resin

INTRODUCTIONWith the implementing of the Natural ForestryProtection policies in China, the plantation forestry willplay a much larger part in meeting the demand for wood.But the plantation wood, especially Poplar and Fir, havecommon properties of soft structure, low density andpoor processing. Generally speaking, these propertiescan be evidently improved by compressing. MasafumiInoue et al. (1991a, 1991b, 1990) had studied thesurface compression of coniferous wood. Their studiesshowed …     

Grassland responses to grazing disturbance: plant diversity changes with grazing intensity in a desert steppe

This study quantifies the impact of four different grazing regimes (heavy, moderate, light and ungrazed) on the vegetation dynamics of rangeland ecosystems along the southern boundary area of the Mu Us Desert, China. As the grazing intensities decreased, the soil quality, canopy cover, height, density, above‐ and below‐ground biomass, litter, root/shoot ratio and native plant (Aneurolepidium dasystachys) and grass abundances significantly increased; the above‐ground biomass of grasses increased, but the above‐ground biomass of forbs decreased. Ungrazed grassland has significantly improved from grasslands experiencing three other levels of grazing pressure, especially in the grassland biomass. Species richness increased as the grazing intensity decreased in the grazing grasslands, but peak species richness appeared under moderate and light grazing against lower productivity. Grazing exclusion causes desirable transitions in plant communities of desert steppe rangelands. Therefore, appropriate and efficient grazing exclusion is an available way to counteract local grassland degradation and promote rangeland sustainability.     

Changes in soil organic carbon in a clay loam soil following ploughing and reseeding of permanent grassland under temperate moist climatic conditions

This study investigated changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) in a poorly drained clay loam soil under (i) permanent grassland (PG) over 7 years and (ii) after PG renovation over 2·5 years. The experimental area was divided into four blocks with four paddocks per block. Composite soil samples from each PG block were taken to 30‐cm depth on five occasions between 2004 and 2011. In June 2008, one paddock per block was renovated by ploughing and reseeding and sampled as above on the latter four occasions. Renovation decreased SOC (P < 0·05) by 32·2 t ha^?1 in the 2·5 years following ploughing; the difference developed almost entirely (86%) in the first four months. Renovation had no effect on above‐ground productivity, standing root and stubble phytomass or on dissolved organic matter leaching. Therefore, soil respiration was considered to be a single potential pathway responsible for the SOC loss from renovated grassland. Although a simple linear regression indicated a tendency for PG to accumulate SOC, there was no evidence of recovery in SOC to previous levels following renovation during the study period. These results could have implications for greenhouse gas inventories in countries where PG is an important land‐use type.     

Experiences with Rice Grown on Permanent Raised Beds: Effect of Crop Establishment Techniques on Water Use,Productivity, Profitability and Soil Physical Properties

In recent years, conventional rice production technologies have been leading to deterioration of soil health and declining farm profitability due to high inputs of water and labor. Conservation agriculture(CA) based resource-conserving technologies i.e. zero-tillage(ZT), raised-bed planting and direct-seeded rice(DSR) have shown promise as alternatives to conventional production technologies to overcome these problems. Present study was undertaken during 2009–2012 to establish an understanding of how permanent raised bed cropping system could be practiced to save water at the field application level to improve water productivity and also have the capability to enhance productivity, profitability and soil physical quality. The results showed that among different crop establishment techniques, conventional-tilled puddle transplanted rice(CT-TPR) required 14%-25% more water than other techniques. Compared with the CT-TPR system, zero till direct-seeded rice(ZT-DSR) consumed 6%–10% less water with almost equal system productivity and demonstrated higher water productivity. Wide raised beds saved about 15%–24% water and grain yield decrease of about 8%. Direct-seeded rice after ZT or reduced tillage or on unpuddled soil provided more net income than CT-TPR. The CTTPR system had higher bulk density and penetration resistance due to compaction caused by the repeated wet tillage in rice. The steady-state infiltration rate and soil aggregation( 0.25 mm) were higher under permanent beds and ZT and lower in the CT-TPR system. Under CT-TPR, soil aggregation was static across seasons, whereas it improved under no-till and permanent beds. Similarly, mean weight diameter of aggregates was higher under ZT and permanent beds and increased over time. The study reveals that to sustain the rice productivity, CA-based planting techniques can be more viable options. However, the long-term effects of these alternative technologies need to be studied under varying agro-ecologies in western Uttar Pradesh, India.