论多功能森林

近一两年来, 在我国关于发展"多功能林业"的舆论日渐兴起。其中有些意见比较中肯, 提出在多年大力发展速丰林和生态公益林的情况下, 今后应当重视多功能森林。而有的意见则把过去存在的一切问题都归咎于没有发展"多功能林业", 认为只要发展多功能林业就可以解决一切问题, 甚至把"多功能林业"杜撰成一个新理论。忽视多功能森林经营, 在强调生态功能的同时弱化经济功能, 把大面积的森林(甚至人工林)划为生态公益林而限制采伐利用, 甚至限制各种抚育性采伐, 的确是我国林业发展上的一个偏差。但是, 如果因此就不再重视发展商品林和生态公益林, 把全国的森林都搞成多功能森林, 那同样也是不妥的。为此, 文中将结合国外的情况介绍, 阐述"多功能森林"的一些问题。     

Vitapex糊剂用于根尖诱导成形术临床疗效观察

目的 观察Vitapex糊剂用于根尖孔未完全闭合年轻恒牙的根尖诱导成形术的临床疗效.方法 选取门诊就诊患者中根尖孔发育不全的年轻恒牙70例共85颗患牙,均在完成根管预备、消毒后,用Vitapex行根尖诱导术,术后定期复查.结果 对所治疗患者随访2年,85颗患牙成功49例,进步29例,失败7例,有效率为91.8％.结论 ...     

How does protein supplementation affect the selectivity and performance of Charolais cows on extensively grazed pastures in late autumn?

Management of beef cows grazing extensively grazed semi-natural pastures in temperate regions in late autumn can require supplements to be offered. The effects of supplementation with soya bean meal on the diet selected by Charolais cows and on their subsequent performance were examined for an 8-week period in late autumn in 2 years. Three groups of eight cows were compared: non-supplemented dry cows (D), non-supplemented (L) and supplemented (LS) lactating cows. The amount of soya bean meal supplement offered per cow was 250 g d⁻¹ in year 1 and 800 g d⁻¹ in year 2. Dietary choices were measured by direct observations and herbage intake was estimated in year 2. Supplementation affected neither diet selection (L: 0·42 vs. LS: 0·43 for the proportion of bites on green patches in year 1; 0·24 vs. 0·22 in year 2) nor daily organic matter intake of herbage (L: 15·6 vs. LS: 15·9 kg d⁻¹), which may have resulted from an adequate crude protein concentration of herbage. The higher total dry matter intake by cows offered the supplement reduced losses in live weight (L: −1212 vs. LS: −828 g d⁻¹; P  < 0·01) rather than increased milk production (L: 5·1 vs. LS: 5·0 kg d⁻¹). This may be linked to the low milk yield potential of the Charolais cows. The use of lactating cows rather than dry cows for pasture management in late autumn would increase the utilization of herbage but a reduction in liveweight losses of cows by supplementation is unlikely to be economic.     

聚合水稻温敏核不育基因和反温敏核不育基因创制永久核不育系

【目的】制种安全是影响两系杂交稻持续健康发展的关键问题。本研究旨在探索解决两系杂交水稻的制种安全隐患途径。【方法】以16个(光)温敏核不育系与4个反温敏核不育系配组并对F1育性进行观察,选择矮紫S(温敏核不育系)和矮雁s(反温敏核不育系)为构建永久核不育系的供源亲本。通过回交将矮紫S和矮雁s的育性基因导入到桥梁亲本天丰B中,分别育成天丰B的近等基因系天丰S和天丰s。【结果】天丰S和天丰s杂交获得的天丰Ss即为永久核不育系。对天丰Ss的育性、可恢性等特性的研究表明,天丰Ss在自然长日高温和短日低温下均表现不育;天丰Ss及其3个亲本与5个恢复系杂交的F1组合结实率无明显差异。【结论】永久核不育系的创制有望从根本上解决两系杂交水稻的制种安全问题。     

基于Rogowski永磁式涡流缓速器电磁场与制动力矩研究

永磁式涡流缓速器电磁场分析是其设计的核心.为了研究永磁式涡流缓速器电磁场分布,将缓速器的永磁体等效为磁化电流,从麦克斯韦方程组出发,应用Rogowski方法,研究了气隙磁场分布,计算了转子鼓中的涡流密度,推导出了永磁式涡流缓速器的制动力矩计算公式.采用Rogowski方法不仅清楚地揭示出永磁式涡流缓速器的电磁场物理本质,而且制动力矩理论计算值与缓速器台架试验结果的误差小于10%,在可接受范围内.     

小型风力机系统气动及发电性能试验研究

为了揭示小型风力机系统气动及发电性能的差异,分别对某新型的风力机风轮及连接发电机的同一风轮的气动性能和发电性能开展风洞试验,详细分析了风轮的气动特性及发电机的电磁特性.基于风轮气动功率和发电机的发电功率试验数据,给出了风力机不同风速下的最优工作曲线和实际工作曲线,在不同风速下实际工作曲线中的发电功率峰值及其对应转速均小于最优工作曲线中的气动功率峰值及其对应转速.风轮的气动扭矩随转速先增大后减小,然而发电机的电磁扭矩随转速增大而增大,当发电机逐渐增大的电磁扭矩等于开始减小的气动扭矩,发电机的转速无法进一步加速到气动功率最大值对应的转速,这种不匹配是导致风力机系统气动和发电性能差异的主要原因.试验数据可为研究风力机最大功率控制策略提供支持.     

永久基本农田划定中有关技术问题的探讨

结合咸阳市永久基本农田划定工作实践,阐述了永久基本农田划定的要求和意义,对可调整园地划入永久基本农田保护范围做了可行性分析,同时对永久基本农田成果图件编制提出了新方法,为永久基本农田的科学划定和有效保护提供方法依据。     

新型耐高温磁力联轴器的研制

同步磁力联轴器已在化工、制药等部门得到广泛应用,但目前同步磁力联轴器一直存在内磁钢在高温下退磁而引起磁力联轴器不能正常工作的问题。该文运用鼠笼式异步电动机工作原理,设计一种新型磁力联轴器,可有效解决这个问题,采用有限元方法分析了该新型磁力联轴器的内部磁场分布,计算了转矩和内外转子间的转速差并与实测值进行了比较。实验结果表明,该设计方案切实可行。     

磁吹灭弧在某轻型卡车起动继电器上的应用

某轻型卡车起动继电器内部增加了磁吹灭弧装置,利用永磁铁的磁力将电弧拉长、冷却,电孤被冷却而熄灭,保护触点不被电弧烧蚀.从根本上解决起动继电器触点易被电弧烧蚀问题,提高了起动继电器的可靠性.     

PermVeg: A Model to Design Crop Sequences for Permanent Vegetable Production Systems in the Red River Delta,Vietnam

The constraints in current vegetable production systems in the Red River Delta, Vietnam, in which vegetables are rotated with flooded rice, called for the design of alternative systems of permanent vegetable production. The practical model, PermVeg, was developed to generate vegetable crop sequences for permanent vegetable production, as based on a set of rules and restrictions. Permanent vegetable production systems were designed based on the following five scenarios: (i) increased profit, (ii) reduced labour requirement, (iii) decreased costs of pesticide use, (iv) improved crop biodiversity and (v) selected crops with low‐perishable products. PermVeg showed that theoretically all selected crop sequences in the different alternative systems increased farmers' income compared to the traditional system. The system with the highest profitability increased profit per hectare per day by a factor of three as compared to the traditional system. Labour requirement in days per hectare per day in a crop sequence also increased in all systems. Except for the system with low costs of pesticide use, permanent vegetable production systems had higher pesticide costs than the traditional, vegetable – flooded rice crop sequence. Given the model outcomes, permanent vegetable production systems can be an option to improve farmers' income, to provide labour opportunities, and, in the case of the high crop biodiversity system, to contribute to the development of sustainable production systems. The PermVeg model can act as a practical tool to rapidly explore crop sequence options and to help farmers' decision‐making.