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91.
Forty-five accessions of sunflower collected from different countries were screened for salinity tolerance after 2 weeks growth in sand culture salinized with 150 meq l?1 of NaCl2+ CaCl2 (1:1 ratio equivalent wt. basis) in half strength Hoagland's nutrient solution. The results for plant biomass of 45 accessions show that there was considerable variation in salinity tolerance. In a further greenhouse experiment, the salinity tolerance of three tolerant (HO-1, Predovik, Euroflor) and two sensitive (SMH-24, 9UO-985) lines (selected on the basis of their performance in the seedling experiment) was assessed at the adult stage to evaluate the consistency of salinity tolerance at different growth stages. All three salt tolerant accessions produced significantly greater plant biomass, seed yield and seed oil content than the salt sensitive accessions. The tolerant accessions accumulated less Cl? and more K+ in the leaves under saline conditions compared with the salt sensitive accessions. The salt tolerant accessions also maintained relatively high leaf K:Na ratio and K+ versus Na+ selectivity. Although statistically nonsignificant, all three tolerant accessions had greater soluble carbohydrates, soluble proteins, total free amino acids and proline in the leaves than the sensitive accessions. A field trial conducted in a salt-affected field confirmed the greenhouse results of the selected accessions. This study shows that salinity tolerance of sunflower does not vary with stage of plant cycle, so selection for increased salt tolerance can be carried out at the initial growth stage. Secondly, it is found that there is great variation of salt tolerance in sunflower. Low uptake of Cl?, high uptake of K+, and maintenance of high K:Na ratios and K+ versus Na+ selectivity in the leaves and possibly the accumulation of organic osmotica such as soluble carbohydrates, soluble proteins, proline and free amino acids seem to be the important components of salt tolerance in sunflower. 相似文献
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EST-PAGE法鉴定杂交油葵G101及其亲本品种纯度的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过试验,建立了一项用于种子酯酶同工酶电泳(EST-PAGE)法鉴定杂交油葵G101及其亲本品种纯度的技术。该法无需进行种子脱脂,快速,准确性较高,重现性好,是油料作物品种纯度鉴定的一种有效方法。 相似文献
94.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):287-298
Summary It is well known that C4 crops have a lower water requirement than C3 crops. Reasons for the difference are not well understood. Therefore, hydraulic resistance of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] (C4) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) (C3) was determined to see if it might be one explanation for the lower water use of crops with the C4 photosynthetic pathway. Plants were grown under greenhouse conditions in pots with soil, which was well watered (soil matric potential of ~0 MPa) or allowed to dry (soil matric potential of ?0.038 MPa and ?0.065 MPa for sorghum and sunflower, respectively). Hydraulic resistance was calculated in two ways: (1) using the classic Ohm's law analogue, which assumes that the relation between flux (transpiration) and difference in water potentials of the soil and plant is linear and (2) using an equation that considers diurnal changes in leaf water content along with transpiration and difference in water potentials. Because change in leaf-water content during a day was small, hydraulic resistances calculated by the two methods resulted in similar values. Sorghum had a linear relationship between flux and difference in potentials (constant hydraulic resistance), but sunflower had a nonlinear one (variable hydraulic resistance). The hydraulic resistance of watered sunflower increased only slightly during a day and averaged about 40 MPa m2 s mol?1, which was 3.5 times less than that of watered or water-stressed sorghum (-140 MPa m2 s mol?1). The hydraulic resistance of water-stressed sunflower increased steeply during a day and by the end of the day it had a hydraulic resistance that approached that of sorghum. 相似文献
95.
向日葵籽粒锈斑病又称“水锈病”,是近几年向日葵生产上出现的一种新病害,严重影响向日葵籽的商品性,制约着产业的发展。本研究在向日葵籽粒锈斑发生严重的内蒙古巴彦淖尔市乌拉特前旗先锋镇和五原县新公中镇试验点调查取样,评价了44份向日葵品种(39份食葵品种与5份油葵品种)的籽粒锈斑抗性,结果表明:乌拉特前旗试验点供试食葵品种中,只有赛瑞1号单盘平均籽粒锈斑率低于25%;另外共有6份品种(包括JK103、LJ188和LD5009等),单盘平均籽粒锈斑率介于25%~50%之间;其余品种的单盘平均籽粒锈斑率都在50%以上。就严重度而言,共有20份品种籽粒锈斑的严重度鉴定为1级,但是其平均籽粒锈斑率却介于17.30%~88.63%之间;其余品种的严重度均为2级以上。五原试验点的调查结果表明,供试向日葵品种的单盘平均籽粒锈斑率介于61.02%~99.63%之间,均显著高于乌拉特前旗试验点相同品种的调查结果;但是就严重度而言,只有10份品种籽粒锈斑的严重度为1级,以3638C为代表。而供试的5份油葵品种中,除了XKS2029外,其余4份品种的单盘平均籽粒锈斑率均低于25%。同时,不同播种时间下同一品种的籽粒锈斑发生程度也呈现出明显的差异,如SH361品种单盘平均籽粒锈斑率从5月27日播种的34.49%上升到6月20日的98.47%;相应的严重度也从1级上升到4级,说明播期不同对籽粒锈斑发生程度也有明显的影响。 相似文献
96.
龙食葵2号自2003年登记推广以来,因其在产量和品质等方面的领先优势以及与之相配套的高产栽培技术,近年来在黑龙江省迅速推广种植,2003-2008年累计推广面积20万hm2以上,总产量可达5亿kg,产值20亿元,农民可增加纯收入2亿元以上。龙食葵2号的推广应用,极大地促进了黑龙江省食用向日葵生产的发展。 相似文献
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100.
利用外源DNA导入技术培育向日葵育种新材料 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
采用氯仿-异戊醇-RNA酶法,从菊芋、罗马尼亚向日葵幼叶中提取总DNA,利用花粉管通道法和子房注射法导入向日葵品种“吉农92-1”、“吉农92-5”中,发现D1代及D2代在植株形态、种皮色、百粒重、好粒大小等性状上出现了新的变异类型。 相似文献