植酸酶对金鳟体成分及金鳟椎骨中钙、磷含量的影响

采用喷涂法和预处理两种方法,在豆粕型金鳟饲料中添加不同浓度的植酸酶,通过90 d的饲喂试验,研究植酸酶对金鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)体成分及其椎骨中钙、磷含量的影响。结果显示:喷涂法和预处理法添加植酸酶的处理组与对照组相比,粗蛋白、粗脂肪的含量均有所下降;喷涂法添加植酸酶的处理组的鱼体粗灰分、磷和钙含量均高于对照组,其中,喷涂法添加1500 U/Kg植酸酶组鱼体磷含量、灰分含量和钙含量显著高于对照组(P(0.05),且此组鱼体磷高于其它试验组;喷涂法各组椎骨中粗灰分、磷含量较对照组提高显著(P(0.05),2500 U/kg植酸酶组椎骨磷含量最高,椎骨中钙含量除D1和D8组外,添加植酸酶的处理组均较对照组提高显著(P(0.05)。预处理法添加植酸酶的处理组与对照组相比,鱼体和椎骨中粗灰分、磷和钙含量均有显著提高(P(0.05),但植酸酶试验组间椎骨中粗灰分、磷含量和钙含量差异均不显著(P(0.05)。结果表明,金鳟饲料喷涂法添加植酸酶1500~2500 U/kg浓度最适,预处理法添加植酸酶500 U/kg浓度较为宜。     

恩诺沙星及其代谢产物在奶山羊的药动学及乳中药物浓度

本试验研究单剂量静脉注射、肌肉注射和乳房灌注恩诺沙星（2.5mg/kg)在健康奶山羊的药动学及乳中药物浓度。采用HPLC法测定血浆和乳中恩诺沙星及其代谢产物环丙沙星的浓度，用统计矩原理处理血浆中药物浓度－时间数据，计算非房室模型的药动学参数。静脉注射、肌肉注射和乳房灌注恩诺沙星的t1/2β分别为1.32、1．55、0．99h;AUC为1．06、3．04、2．66mghL^-1；恩诺沙星的代谢分数为35．01％、44．06％、45．73％；环丙沙星的t1/2β为1．81、2．94、2．32h。乳中的药物浓度高于同期血中药物浓度，且乳中环丙沙星浓度高于恩诺沙星浓度并维持更长的时间。     

Evaluation of β‐carotene assimilation in leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius)

Although leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) are commonly kept under human care, their vitamin requirements are largely unknown. Many invertebrate preys display a low vitamin A concentration; thus, gut‐loading insects with vitamin A or carotenoids is a common practice. The objective of this prospective experimental study was to investigate whether dietary supplementation with β‐carotene, including prey gut‐loading, leads to sufficient vitamin A hepatic storage and prevents epithelial squamous metaplasia development in leopard geckos. Ten clinically healthy female leopard geckos were randomly divided in two groups with various supplementations: a group receiving vitamin A supplementation and a group receiving β‐carotene. Insects were gut‐loaded continuously with a supplement containing vitamin A or β‐carotene, depending on the group. Oral supplementation with cod liver oil or carrot juice was administered weekly to each lizard from “vitamin A group” and “carotenoid group” respectively. After 10 weeks of supplementation, surgical hepatic biopsies were obtained in three geckos of each group while the two remaining geckos were euthanized to undergo complete necropsy. Hepatic vitamin A concentration was determined for each lizard (n = 10) by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography. Histopathology revealed hepatocellular vacuolization and vitellogenic follicles in five females. Epithelial squamous metaplasia was not observed in any of the geckos. Hepatic vitamin A concentration was significantly higher in the carotenoid‐supplemented group than in the vitamin A‐supplemented group (p = 0.03). Our results suggest that in leopard geckos, dietary supplementation with β‐carotene allows sufficient vitamin A hepatic storage.     

牛奶中褪黑素含量的检测方法

褪黑素作为一种多功能活性因子,在畜牧生产中具有十分重要的作用。近年来,有关天然高褪黑素奶的研究大规模开展,对奶中褪黑素含量测定需求也有所增加。目前比较常见的褪黑素检测方法有气相色谱法（GC）、气相色谱-质谱联用法（GC-MS）、高效液相色谱法（HPLC）、高效液相色谱-质谱联用法（LC-MS）、放射免疫测定法（RIA）、酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）、紫外分光光度法（UV）。本文从原理、特点及优缺点等方面对这几种方法展开介绍,并对各方法的应用进行简单的比较,为后续相关研究与应用提供一定参考。     

蛋鸡血浆VLDL浓度二世代双向选择对体脂沉积的影响

以雅发褐壳蛋鸡为素材,在零世代和一世代双向选择的基础上,应用血浆极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)浓度对体腹脂性状继续进行双向选择,比较了高低脂系间体组成的差异,并研究了中后期血浆VLDL浓度与上述性状的相关程度,进一步探讨了血浆VLDL浓度的选择效应。结果表明:二世代母鸡中后期高脂系体重较高(P<0.05),血浆VLDL浓度与体重呈极显著的表型相关(P<0.01)和中等程度的正遗传相关。62周龄高脂系的腹脂率显著高于低脂系(P<0.05),说明运用血浆VLDL浓度经过二个世代的双向选择,使产蛋鸡中后期体重降低,且对腹脂沉积产生了一定的影响。     

左旋咪唑擦剂的研制及其驱虫试验

用自制氮酮作透皮剂研制的１５％盐酸左旋咪唑擦剂，经ＨＰＬＣ法进行离体鼠皮透皮吸收率测定，结果表明氮酮含量在３％时左旋咪唑透皮吸收效果最佳。家兔血药浓度检测结果表明，左旋咪唑擦剂透皮吸收血药浓度与肌主左旋咪唑血药浓工相近。驱虫试验表明，猪按０．１ｍｌ／ｋｇ涂药对猪蛔虫的驱虫率和虫卵减少率远达１００％。     

八种中草药体外抑制大肠杆菌的效果观察

选取马尾松、田基黄、艾草、雷公根、芭蕉芯、浮萍、野菊花、番石榴叶8种中草药,采用常规中草药药敏试验打孔法和试管法对猪大肠杆菌（K88）、大肠杆菌（0157）进行体外抑菌试验。结果显示,艾草、野菊花、番石榴叶对大肠杆菌呈高度敏感,其中艾草对大肠杆菌抑菌力最强;马尾松挥发油对大肠杆菌呈中度敏感;田基黄、雷公根、芭蕉芯、浮萍对大肠杆菌无抑菌作用。     

羧甲基纤维素钠对酸性乳饮料稳定作用的研究

羧甲基纤维素钠的浓度、体系的pH值均会影响酸性乳饮料的稳定性.在浓度0%-0.6%、pH4.6-3.6范围内,体系的粘度随浓度增加、pH升高而增加;随CMC浓度增加,所能稳定的pH范围也增加,沉降量降低.在相同条件下,调酸型酸性乳饮料比发酵型易于稳定.     

Effects of tramadol on the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in dogs

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of tramadol on sevoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC_SEVO) in dogs. It was hypothesized that tramadol would dose-dependently decrease MAC_SEVO.Study designRandomized crossover experimental study.AnimalsSix healthy, adult female mixed-breed dogs (24.2 ± 2.6 kg).MethodsEach dog was studied on two occasions with a 7-day washout period. Anesthesia was induced using sevoflurane delivered via a mask. Baseline MAC (MAC_B) was determined starting 45 minutes after tracheal intubation. A noxious stimulus (50 V, 50 Hz, 10 ms) was applied subcutaneously over the mid-humeral area. If purposeful movement occurred, the end-tidal sevoflurane was increased by 0.1%; otherwise, it was decreased by 0.1%, and the stimulus was re-applied after a 20-minute equilibration. After MAC_B determination, dogs randomly received a tramadol loading dose of either 1.5 mg kg^?1 followed by a continuous rate infusion (CRI) of 1.3 mg kg^?1 hour^?1 (T1) or 3 mg kg^?1 followed by a 2.6 mg kg^?1 hour^?1 CRI (T2). Post-treatment MAC determination (MAC_T) began 45 minutes after starting the CRI. Data were analyzed using a mixed model anova to determine the effect of treatment on percentage change in baseline MAC_SEVO (p < 0.05).ResultsThe MAC_B values were 1.80 ± 0.3 and 1.75 ± 0.2 for T1 and T2, respectively, and did not differ significantly. MAC_T decreased by 26 ± 8% for T1 and 36 ± 12% for T2. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the decrease between the two treatments.Conclusion and clinical relevanceTramadol significantly reduced MAC_SEVO but this was not dose dependent at the doses studied.     

Effects of dietary glucose level during late gestation on litter performance and glucose concentration in sows

The effects of feeding glucose during the 5 days before parturition on litter performance and on glucose concentration in sows were studied. At day 100 of gestation, 130 multiparous sows were assigned to the treatments. Late gestating sows were fed 0 g, 150 g, 250 g, 350 g and 450 g of glucose a day, respectively. During lactation, all sows were given free access to the same lactation diet (without glucose). One day before parturition, blood samples were collected from 30 sows (6 sows per treatment) at 10 before and 20, 40, 60 and 80 min after the meal. The supply of additional dietary glucose increased piglet birth weight ( P  < 0.05). Feed intake in week 1 and week 1–4 of lactation was greatest in sows fed the 0% glucose diet, least by sows fed the 18% glucose diet, and intermediate by sows fed the 6, 10, 14% glucose diets ( P  < 0.05). Basal glucose concentration and time of maximum glucose concentration after glucose intake were not affected by dietary treatment in the last 5 days of gestation. The sows fed the 14 and 18% glucose diets had greater maximum increase in glucose concentration than sows fed diet without glucose ( P  < 0.05). In conclusion, feeding glucose to sows during 5 days before parturition increased birth weight of live-born piglet and decreased sows feed intake during lactation, but did not affect the performance of sows and piglets.