海南霸王岭自然保护区生态质量计量评价

根据海南霸王岭国家级自然保护区的基本特征,确定7个评价指标,建立指标体系;通过评价指标等级的赋值和权重的确定,对霸王岭自然保护区进行生态评价,计算得出该保护区的综合评价指数为0.93,说明该自然保护区的生态质量很好,科研和保护价值高;分析该自然保护区目前所面临的主要问题,提出相应的建议。     

长短桩复合地基的沉降分析

以桩土相互作用理论和现场实测数据为基础,采用实体建模对长短桩复合地基进行建模,通过接触单元模拟桩基与土体、褥垫层与土体之间的摩擦作用,借助MIDAS/GTS有限元软件对长短桩复合地基进行数值模拟,分析讨论长短桩的长细比、桩间距等对不同加固区沉降的影响。研究结果表明:长桩的长细比较短桩的长细比对加固区和下卧层的变形的影响要大,土体的竖向沉降量符合双曲线模型,而土体的竖向应力符合半抛物线模型。     

柔性基础下复合地基沉降特性分析

探究柔性基础下复合地基的沉降特性及规律,为以沉降控制的高填方堤坝下复合地基的设计和施工提供参考。以某路堤下复合地基为例,通过在桩土之间设置接触单元来考虑桩土间的相对位移,用“单元生死”技术模拟复合地基施工过程,运用ADINA软件对复合地基进行了沉降特性有限元分析。在不加载情况下,将数值计算的沉降结果与实际测量的沉降结果进行了对比,验证了数值模型的正确性。预测了加载情况下,地基沉降的进一步发展规律,考虑了桩土模量比、垫层和基础、施工工序对柔性基础下复合地基沉降的影响。计算结果表明：运行荷裁下地基沉降规律与不加栽时基本一致;垫层有协调桩土沉降的作用;不同施工工序下地基沉降规律有着很大差异。因此,对于柔性基础下复合地基,应设置0．2～0．3m的垫层,使桩体模量比n为10～50,采用“先土后桩”的施工工序以满足沉降控制要求。     

复合菌系MC1预处理对玉米秸秆厌氧发酵产甲烷效率的提高

采用高效纤维素分解菌复合系MC1对玉米秸秆进行预处理,以提高玉米秸秆厌氧甲烷发酵的效率和产气量。复合菌系预处理的结果表明,预处理发酵液的pH值呈先下降后升高的趋势,与以往的复合菌系发酵产物pH值特性相似。在14 d的预处理过程中,秸秆质量减少了59.0%,其中纤维素减少了53.1%,半纤维素减少了76.4%。发酵液中的可溶性糖含量最大值出现在第2 d,为1.44 g/L。化学需氧量（COD）和挥发性产物最大值均出现在第4 d,监测到的5种挥发性产物的量分别为乙醇2.38 g/L、乙酸0.57 g/L、丙酸0.11 g/L、丁酸0.62 g/L和甘油0.22 g/L,因此,处理4 d后最适合甲烷发酵。厌氧发酵的结果表明,与未处理的玉米秸秆的厌氧发酵相比,预处理后的秸秆总产气量和总甲烷量分别了提高了33.0%和58.1%。结果表明,MC1对玉米秸秆预处理后,可明显提高甲烷产量,具有较高的利用潜力。     

复合盐、MgSO4胁迫下三种叶菜幼苗生理特性的影响

以生菜、油菜、茼蒿3种不同蔬菜幼苗为试材,采用室内营养液培养方法,研究了不同浓度复合盐、MgSO4对3种蔬菜幼苗生理活性的影响。结果表明:MgSO4胁迫下茼蒿POD活性均呈上升趋势,油菜、生菜呈先上升后下降趋势;复合盐胁迫中,3种蔬菜幼苗POD活性在0~120 mmol/L浓度范围内呈上升趋势。MgSO4胁迫下油菜和茼蒿SOD活性呈上升趋势,生菜呈先上升后下降趋势;复合盐胁迫中3种蔬菜幼苗SOD活性均呈先升后降趋势。MgSO4胁迫下油菜和生菜MDA含量在0~120 mmol/L浓度范围内呈上升趋势,茼蒿呈先上升后下降趋势;复合盐胁迫中3种蔬菜幼苗MDA含量均呈上升趋势。     

元蘑营养粥的制备研究

以元蘑、糯米、绿豆、大米、银耳、胡萝卜为原料,以感官评分为评价指标,通过单因素试验及正交试验,采用分步煮料法制备元蘑营养粥.结果表明,干元蘑浸泡最佳条件为浸泡温度20℃,料液比1∶20 (g∶mL),浸泡时间30 min;元蘑营养粥最佳配方为元蘑12 g(湿质量),糯米13 g,绿豆12 g,大米2 g,银耳5 g(湿质量),胡萝卜3 g,食盐1.3 g,鸡精0.3 g,黄原胶0.032％,海藻酸钠0.048％,蔗糖脂肪酸酯0.09％,加水量530 mL;煮制时间20 min,产品性状稳定均匀,口感绵软黏稠.     

A rapid method for screening barley for aluminium tolerance

Summary A method for rapid screening of large numbers of barley genotypes for aluminium tolerance is described, and the results of a small scale screening of composite cross CC XXX-C given.     

均布荷载作用下钢-混凝土组合梁界面滑移近似计算及其效应分析

为了计算钢-混凝土组合梁的截面滑移及其对梁强度和刚度的影响。提出了具有界面滑移的钢-混凝土组合梁的总荷载及截面总弯矩由2部份组成。不考虑滑移的组合梁承担整体荷载及整体弯矩，能自由滑移的叠合梁承担局部荷载和局部弯矩。基于Bernoulli梁理论和抗剪连接件线性剪力-滑移模型。建立截面总弯矩分配的计算公式．给出均部荷载作用下简支组合梁的栓钉剪力及界面滑移近似计算公式。得到了考虑滑移的组合梁在弹性阶段截面弹性应力、跨中挠度的计算公式及挠度增大系数。     

不同木材和竹材比例对木竹层积复合材机械性能的影响(英文)

由于木竹复合材料的性能与原料的类型、施胶量、工艺参数、木材和竹材的比例等许多因素有关,本文研究了不同木材和竹材的比例对木竹层积复合材的性能影响,采用的酚醛胶固含量为45%,板材尺寸800 mm×800 mm×10 mm,热压时间15min,热压温度150℃,热压压力2.5 MPa。试验结果表明:木材和竹材的比例对木竹复合材料的静曲强度、弹性模量和胶合强度有显著影响,对其含水率影响较小。当木材比例从20%到60%时,木竹复合材料的静曲强度、弹性模量和胶合强度逐渐增加。     

Accuracy of the composite somatic cell count to detect intra-mammary infection in dairy cows using latent class analysis

The somatic cell count (SCC) is considered an important indicator of intra-mammary infection (IMI). The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of both SCC and culture to detect IMI and their conditional dependence by means of latent class methods. This study involved 175 dairy cows from 2 herds with different udder infection prevalences. Quarter and composite milk samples were collected for SCC and bacteriological culture. Latent-class models using Bayesian methods were used to estimate test sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) and population prevalence. The models ran involved only major mastitis pathogens and composite SCC (CSCC). Five thresholds between 100,000 and 300,000 cells/mL were evaluated and the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was performed. Fifty-five percent of the cows had CSCC ≥200,000 cells/mL and 95.4% of the cows had at least one infected quarter either with minor or major pathogens. Considering a threshold of 150,000 cells/mL, the estimated Se and Sp for the CSCC were, 0.80 (95% CrI 0.71–0.88) and 0.57 (95% CrI 0.44–0.71), respectively. The estimated culture Se and Sp were 0.83 (95% CrI 0.73–0.93) and 0.89 (95% CrI 0.74–0.98), respectively. There was no evidence of dependence between CSCC and culture. The area under curve for CSCC was 0.72. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the CSCC accuracy to detect IMI for major pathogens considering the effect of culture misclassification. The estimates provided here could help to examine the performance of sampling schemes based on CSCC to manage udder health.