辐照预处理促进玉米秸秆酶解糖化

以~(60)Co为辐照源,研究了0～2 000 kGy不同辐照剂量处理对玉米秸秆水解及酶解还原糖产量的影响,采用DNS法测定样品中水溶性还原糖的含量,探讨了辐照剂量与还原糖生成量的关系。结果表明,较高剂量的辐照对玉米秸秆有明显的降解糖化作用,经1200,1600,2000kGy剂量辐照后,玉米杆和玉米叶的还原糖含量分别提高了69.88%和445.63%;辐照后玉米秸秆易于酶解,随着辐照剂量的增大,酶解产糖量显著增加;在较高剂量下,辐照一酶解复合降解玉米秸秆效果优于单一的辐照处理和单一酶处理;辐照后的玉米秆和玉米叶经酶解处理,其还原糖含量分别增加了16.63%～184.13%和8.49%～228.45%,提高了纤维素原料的利用率。     

张家界烟区不同海拔高度植烟土壤特征与综合评价

为了揭示张家界烟区植烟土壤特征与海拔高度的关系,为该区烟草的种植布局与合理施肥提供理论依据。采用GPS技术,记录烟区不同海拔高度299个土壤样品的海拔高度和经纬度,利用经典统计学和地统计学方法比较分析了张家界烟区不同海拔高度(<400 m、400~600 m、601~800 m、>800 m)的植烟土壤理化性状差异,综合评价了不同海拔高度植烟土壤肥力状况。结果表明,土壤氮素和有机质、有效硫、有效钼、有效锰含量随海拔高度的升高基本呈上升趋势,而土壤交换性钙、有效铁、有效铜含量随海拔高度的升高基本呈下降趋势,海拔<400 m、>800 m的植烟土壤特征与其他海拔段的土壤差异明显。综合比较各海拔植烟土壤养分含量,以中高海拔(>400 m)更适宜生产优质烟叶。张家界烟区62%的植烟土壤较为适宜,以海拔高度601~800 m的频数分布最高。     

独立学院“生物化学”综合性实验的开设

从综合性实验内容、综合性实验开设对人才培养目标的体现、综合性实验实施过程中的注意事项等方面阐述如何在“生物化学”课程中开设综合性实验“聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离蛋白及蛋白质含量的测定”。此实验的开设,可使学生将理论知识融会贯通,对培养学生的动手能力和创新能力有积极作用。     

辐照处理对马铃薯粉降解作用的研究

为探明辐照对马铃薯粉的降解作用,采用不同剂量60Co-γ射线对其进行处理。结果表明,马铃薯粉经50~400 kGy剂量辐照处理后,颗粒形貌没有发生改变,但在冷水中的溶解度大大增加,其中经400 kGy剂量辐照处理后,溶解度达61%。辐照的直接糖化效率随处理剂量的加大而增加,其中以400 kGy剂量处理的最明显,糖化值（DE值）达5.1%。辐照处理的降解产物以麦芽糖和葡萄糖为主。试验证明60Co-γ射线能有效降解马铃薯粉,并可产生可发酵性糖。     

白蜡窄吉丁综合防控研究进展

白蜡窄吉丁是一种入侵性害虫,寄生树种多、隐蔽性强、危害大。详细叙述白蜡窄吉丁的形态特征、地理分布及其综合防控方法。其中,防控方法主要包括生态控制、物理防治、生物防治及化学防治等方面。提出生态控制和生物防治,特别是对其天敌寄生蜂的分布与控制作用评价、优势天敌的空间分布、繁殖与释放利用是今后研究的重点。     

辐照技术在绿色储粮中的应用研究

全面综述了辐照技术在储粮害虫防治、病茵抑制与真菌毒素降解中的广泛应用及其对粮食品质的影响。随着绿色储粮工程的深入实施,辐照技术将有广阔的应用前景。     

Kinetics on degradation of CODcr in mustard comprehensive wastewater by electro-Fenton process

The treatment efficiency of mustard comprehensive wastewater with high salt by electro-Fenton is studied to solve the problem that microorganism is inhibited by high salt and improve the unstable performance of biological treatment. CODcr removal effect and its influencing factors in high salt wastewater by electro-Fenton process are mainly investigated, and the degradation kinetics of CODcr is analyzed. The results show that CODcr removal rate reaches 76.33 % after 120 min at the conditions that current density of 10 A/dm 2, ferrous sulfate dosage 1.0 mmol/L, electrode spacing 15 mm, pH=5, RuO2-IRO2-SnO2-TiO2/Ti quaternary as anode, titanium mesh as cathode. Kinetic analysis shows that the degradation curve of CODcr consists with the first-order response characteristics and the value of the kinetic constant is 0.0121 min -1 when COD of raw wastewater is 4 225 mg/L. By linear regression equation, kinetics model of CODcr degradation is established. The model possesses higher regression rate (R 2=99.25%) and has higher coincide degree with the experimental results.     

不同水(陆)稻品种(系)干旱胁迫效应分析评价

为了扩大水稻抗旱资源的应用,提高水稻抗旱育种效率,对来自17个不同国家105份水(陆)稻品种(系)进行干旱胁迫效应评价。采用了同异分析法,在干旱胁迫下,株高、单株有效穗、穗长、每穗实粒数、每穗总粒数、结实率、千粒重、单株谷重8项农艺及经济性状,进行了综合评价分析。结果表明:105份水(陆)稻品种(系),分析评语"差"的有60个品种,占57.1%;"一般"的评语共有22个品种,占21%;"较好"和"好"的评语各有10个品种,占9.5%;"优良"的只有4个品种,占3.8%,分别为IR77298-14-1-2-13、IR77298-5-6-18、CACHO PRETO、IR77298-5-6-11,均为籼稻品种。由此得出,籼稻品种抗旱性明显高于粳稻品种,抗旱同异评语的级别与每穗实粒数、结实率、单株谷重3个性状密切相关。     

Efficacy of gamma irradiation for protection against postharvest insect damage and microbial contamination of adlay

This study examines the protective effects of gamma irradiation against postharvest insect damage and microbial contamination and its effect on the nutritive value of adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi L.). Adlay was treated with doses of 0–20 kGy gamma irradiation and subsequently stored at ambient temperature. The number of insects, microbial quality and chemical properties of irradiated and non-irradiated adlay were evaluated immediately after treatment and after 6 months of storage. Before irradiation, total aerobic microbial counts ranged from 5.6 × 10² to 1.4 × 10⁵ CFU g⁻¹ and the mean total number of insects was 3.2 ± 2.1 per 100 g of polished kernel. Two kilograys was the lowest dose that provided 100% insect control. A radiation-resistant bacterium, Deinococcus radiodurans RC1, was found in 2 of 10 adlay samples. Four kilograys was a sufficient dose for Enterobacteriaceae inactivation, and 6 kGy was a sufficient dose for yeast and fungi inactivation. Twenty and 8 kGy sufficed for the inactivation of all mesophilic microbes in samples with and without D. radiodurans, separately. Moreover the moisture, ash, crude fiber, crude fat, crude protein and riboflavin content all remained constant. However, 8 kGy irradiation reduced vitamin B1 concentration by 24.2%, but did not measurably reduce the amount of amino acids, except methionine and cysteine. Fatty acid contents did not alter after 8 kGy irradiation, but changes were observed after the 6 months of storage. These changes caused by irradiation were no greater than those caused by the 6-month storage. Irradiation up to 8 kGy did not markedly increase the acid value, but did increase the peroxide value to 13% of the initial value right after irradiation. However, significant changes in acid value and peroxide value were noted after 6 months of storage both in non-irradiated and post-irradiated storage samples. Additionally, 8 kGy irradiation did not significantly change the adlay appearance. The improvement in the hygiene of this vital food source compensates for the small loss of some nutritional constituents. Hence 8 kGy of gamma irradiation can be used in cold decontamination of adlay to prolong shelf-life, to improve postharvest quality, and to reduce the risk of food-borne disease.     

基于密切值法的林农复合经营模式的综合评价研究——以江苏省泗阳县为例

针对林农复合经营系统的多功能性,从生态功能、经济功能、社会功能3个方面构建了林农复合经营的综合评价指标体系,并且运用密切值法对不同复合模式进行评价。最后,对江苏省泗阳县的林农复合经营的综合效益进行实证研究,运用建立的评价指标体系和密切值法选出较优模式,以期为当地发展林农复合经营提供理论依据和方向指导。结果表明：无论从生态功能、经济功能、社会功能来看还是从综合效益来看,泗阳县的杨农复合经营模式都优于纯杨树的种植模式。其中,杨树-蒲公英复合经营模式和杨树-蘑菇复合经营模式在各个功能方面较优于其他模式,当地农民可以根据实际需要进行选择,以充分利用林地资源,增加经济收入。