辽宁省朝阳地区八种小杂粮中必需微量元素的测定分析

采用微波消解法处理样品,电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定辽宁省朝阳地区较为常见的八种小杂粮(玉米、黏米、高粱米、红豆、豇豆、苏立豆、燕麦和荞麦)中铁、锌、铜、锰、硒、钼、钴、铬、镍九种人体必需的微量元素含量。结果表明,朝阳地区杂粮中人体必需的微量元素含量丰富,半微量元素铁及微量元素锌、锰含量相对较高,同种样品中不同微量元素的差异较大;杂粮中豆类的钼、钴含量最为丰富,显著高于米类和麦类杂粮(P0.05),麦类杂粮中含有较为丰富的锰元素。该结果可为杂粮的营养价值评价及加工与利用提供科学依据,并对人们合理膳食具有一定的指导意义。     

晋南麦田昆虫群落演替规律初步研究

应用主分量分析法探讨小麦返青到收获不同管理措施下昆虫群落演替规律,把随生育期的演替划分为三个阶段。总的趋势是:早春麦田害虫和天敌数量较低,各物种在群落中分布均匀,没有防治必要;第二阶段,多数昆虫处于鼎盛时期,各物种分布极不均匀,群落处于不稳定状态;第三阶段处于衰落阶段。主分量分析还表明了引起麦田昆虫群落演替的主要昆虫类群及他们的变动规律。也比较了管理措施对麦田昆虫群落的影响,施药防治2次的水浇地比不施药的水浇地,无论丰富度、多样性还是均匀度都低;施药一次的扩浇地次之。     

Simple Modification of the Clod Method for Determining Bulk Density of Very Gravelly Soils

Abstract

The accuracy of the clod method in determining fine‐earth bulk density in very gravelly soils can be affected by the difficulty of fine‐earth separation from both coarse fragments and the coating substance. A modification of the paraffin‐coated clod method is presented that accurately determines fine‐earth bulk density of very gravelly soils. The modification involves washing the paraffin‐coated clod in boiling water to separate paraffin from gravel and hardened soil aggregates. Samples were analyzed with an existing gravel correction method, herein referred to as the hand removal method (HRM), and the proposed modification, which is named the gravel washing method (GWM). Bulk density means for HRM and GWM were 1.29 and 1.41 g cm^?3, respectively. This trend of higher bulk densities for GWM was consistent across pedons sampled in the study and was attributed to its ability to completely remove wax from gravels and hardened soil aggregates, effectively separating the fine‐earth fraction.     

青粗饲料中多种黄曲霉毒素高效液相色谱检测方法

饲料样品经提取、免疫亲和柱净化,以甲醇水45∶55(V/V)为流动相,进行C18柱分离,经柱后光化学衍生,以荧光检测器定量检测4种黄曲霉毒素AFB1,AFB2,AFG1和AFG2含量。结果表明,4种黄曲霉毒素在35 min内得到良好的分离,除AFG2加标回收率略低外,AFB1,AFB2,AFG1和黄曲霉毒素总量在稻草、羊草和青贮笋壳空白样的加标回收率均在80%以上,平行样相对标准偏差均低于10.0%;AFB1、AFB2、AFG1、AFG2和黄曲霉毒素总量的检出限分别为0.4,0.2,0.4,0.2和1.2μg·kg-1。试验所建立的检测方法可实现对青粗饲料中4种黄曲霉毒素的同时提取、净化、分离与检测,方法准确简便,重复性好,灵敏度高,能满足青粗饲料中多种黄曲霉毒素快速检测要求。     

圆弧渐进式红花丝采收装置设计与试验

针对红花切割采收时花丝破损率高、采净率低等问题,该研究结合红花物料及力学特性,设计了一种圆弧渐进式红花丝采收装置。通过对圆弧渐进刀具进行受力分析和切割速度分析,明确了影响采收性能的关键因素为刃口倾斜角和刀轴转速;利用Fluent软件对采收腔室流场进行分析,确定适宜的风机转速,验证腔室设计的合理性。为提升圆弧渐进式红花丝采收装置的工作性能,以刃口倾斜角、刀轴转速和风机转速为影响因素,以采净率、破损率、集净率为响应指标,进行二次正交旋转试验。运用Design-Expert软件建立数学模型,获得最优参数组合为：刃口倾斜角25°,刀轴转速6 44 r/min,风机转速2 800 r/min,对应的采净率为92.1%,破损率为9.6%,集净率为94.7%,对优化结果进行验证试验,结果表明,采净率为91.5%,破损率为9.8%,集净率为94.2%,与仿真优化结果误差不超过5%,表明所设计的红花丝采收装置能较好地完成红花丝采收作业。该研究可为红花机械化采收提供理论依据和技术参考。     

窟野河水沙变化发展趋势预测

窟野河是黄河河龙区间水土流失严重的一条多沙粗沙支流,流域内人类活动频繁,神府东胜煤田正在开发,其水沙变化发展趋势令人关注。经分析预测,神府东胜矿区一、二期工程排弃的土石数量为6.3亿t,1987～2000年平均每年增沙1130～1350万t;2000年前规划治理减沙效益为37.1％,减水效益为37.8％;一次洪水垮坝冲失的泥沙,将增加该次洪水泥沙量的13.3％～36.5％;河道淤积会加重防洪困难,其泥沙还可能集中排入黄河;丰水年份洪水泥沙有可能剧增,枯水年份水量进一步减少,甚至会出现水资源危机。     

Variations of soil organic carbon fractions in response to conservative vegetation successions on the Loess Plateau of China

Land use changes profoundly affect the equilibrium of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions. With the current global climatic changes, it is vital to understand the influence of ecological restoration and conservation management on the dynamics of SOC under different land uses, especially in erosion-endangered Loess soils. Therefore, we investigated changes in SOC through a suit of labile fractions, namely: light fraction organic C (LFOC), heavy fraction organic C (HFOC), coarse particulate organic C (CPOC), fine particulate organic C (FPOC), and dissolved organic C (DOC), from two forests i.e., Robinia pseudoacacia (RP) and Platycladus orientalis (PO), with different ages, in comparison with farmland (FL). The SOC and STN contents significantly increased over 42 years in the RP forest where the contents of CPOC and FPOC were significantly higher than in the FL. Moreover, total SOC and its labile fractions, in the studied land use types, significantly correlated with soil CaCO₃, pH, and STN contents, indicating their key roles in SOC sequestration. The results reported here from different vegetation with different ages provide a better understanding of SOC and STN alterations at different stages of vegetation restoration. Our findings suggest that long-term natural vegetation restoration could be an effective approach for SOC sequestration and soil conservation on the Loess soil.