不同施肥处理对红三叶青干草品质的影响

以岷山红三叶Trifolium pratense为供试材料,通过小区试验,研究了3个水平的氮肥[0(A1)、75(A2)和150(A3)kg/hm2]和3个水平的磷肥[0(B1)、120(B2)和360(B3)kg/hm2）的互作效应对岷山红三叶青干草品质的影响。结果表明,A3B2处理的粗蛋白含量、钙含量最高,分别比对照高2.5%和0.14%;A1B3处理的粗灰分、磷含量最高,分别比对照高1.2%和0.45%,而中性洗涤纤维含量最低,比对照低2.1%;A1B2处理的酸性洗涤纤维含量最低,比对照低1.5%。试验结果表明,岷山红三叶的施肥量为A3B2（氮肥150 kg/hm2,磷肥120 kg/hm2）时,青干草品质最好。     

NaClO和蔗糖溶液对红三叶种子发芽特性的影响

研究了不同浓度NaClO和蔗糖溶液对红三叶种子发芽的影响。结果表明,用0．2％NaClO溶液处理虹三叶种子15min,种子的发芽率最高,为60．6％;用0．2％NaClO溶液处理红三叶种子10min的带茵率最低,为0．41％。红三叶种子在没有添加蔗糖溶液的1／2MS培养基中发芽率最高,但长势较差;加入20g／L蔗糖的培养基中,虽然发芽率稍低,但生长良好,并有明显的毛根分化。     

低温对白三叶膜质过氧化及保护酶活性的影响

对白三叶的3个品种海发（Haifa）,黑龙江白三叶（Mini-BL）和瑞文德（Rivendel）进行低温胁迫,测定叶片中丙二醛（MDA）含量,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和过氧化物酶（POD）活性,结果表明：低温胁迫下,3个品种SOD和POD活性均表现出先降低再上升再下降的趋势,MDA含量呈上升趋势,且3个品种在5,0和-5℃处理时差异极显著（P〈0．01）,Mini-BL的MDA含量明显低于其他两个品种,Haifa最高,Rivendel居中。分析3个品种的MDA含量,SOD和POD的活性变化特点,Mini-BL抗寒性强于其他两个引进品种。     

Effects of perennial fodder crops on soil structure in agricultural headlands

In agricultural headlands, rooting and yield of crops may be limited because of soil‐structure changes as a consequence of multiple passes of turning machinery. We hypothesized that perennial forage crops can substantially alter soil structure in agricultural headlands. On one experimental field and two commercial farms on Haplic Luvisols from respectively loess and sandy loess in the Lower Rhine Bay (Germany), we investigated how 4 y of continuously grown grass/clover or alfalfa affected soil structure and the performance of subsequent spring wheat. Compared with a crop rotation with annual plowing to 30 cm soil depth, perennial forage crops led to increased soil C content (+1.3% to +22.8%) and N content (+4.2% to +15.1%), higher densities of medium and coarse biopores at a depth of 35 cm, more large water‐stable soil macroaggregates, higher biomass and abundance of anecic earthworms, and higher grain yield and grain protein content of spring wheat grown as the following crop. Root‐length density of spring wheat in the subsoil was not affected by the preceding perennial fodder crops in two of the three field trials. We concluded that besides increasing N input to the soil, perennial cropping of grass/clover or alfalfa has effects on soil structure that may substantially reduce yield losses in agricultural headlands.     

脱落酸（ABA）对白三叶抗旱作用机理的初步研究

本文就不同浓度ＡＢＡ对干旱胁迫条件下白三叶植株功能叶片抗旱生理指标进行了研究，结果表明，ＡＢＡ能明显减少叶片水分蒸发，降低叶片细胞膜透性，增加叶片细胞可溶性蛋白质含量，诱导生物膜系统保护酶ＳＯＤ形成，从所测生理结果及复水前后白三叶生长状况来看，ＡＢＡ最佳抗旱处理浓度为７５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。     

刈割对混播草地种群生长与产量关系及种间竞争特性的影响

研究了不同刈割次数和时间下,混播草地中多年生黑麦草产量与叶片生长、分蘖数间的关系,白三叶产量与匍匐茎生长、分枝数间的关系,以及两者种间竞争特性变化。结果表明：黑麦草产量随分蘖数(年刈割8次和4次例外)或叶片生长长度增加呈弱显著或显著增加趋势,白三叶年产量与匍匐茎分枝数呈显著正相关;高频刈割利于黑麦草和白三叶种群生长的正效应发挥,低频刈割和对照增强种间个体的竞争;两者生长点数、种群产量关系由高频刈割的显著正相关向低频刈割和对照的显著负相关转化。可见,随刈割频率的降低和刈割日期的推后,黑麦草和白三叶的种间竞争渐趋明显。     

不同气候带的白三叶品比试验研究

在云南四个不同气候带条件下,分别对国外引进的15个白三叶品种的相对干物质产量进行比较,同时,观测各品种的物候发育和营养成分。结果表明,在云南北亚热带至寒温带气候区域,最优良的品种为海法白三叶,其次为草地胡依阿白三叶和南迪诺白三叶。本文旨在为云南及相似气候环境草地建植中白三叶的品种选用提供参考。     

不同农艺措施对牛鞭草和白三叶混播草地产量及密度的影响

在不同刈割频率、施肥量和混播比例下,对混播草地牛鞭草和白三叶不同种群产量、地下生物量及分蘖数进行了研究。结果表明,刈割频率对产量的影响最大,但刈割时间,尤其是秋季最佳刈割时间对维持草地牧草比例平衡是相当重要的。同时,牧草的地下生物量与地上产量相关,刈割不利于禾本科牧草地下生物量的积累。施肥量和播种比例的互作效应对总产量的影响差异也达到了极显著水平(P<0.01)。     

Characterization of novel inbred lines of white clover (Trifolium repens L.). I. Dynamics of plant growth and nodule development in flowing solution culture

Growth, dry matter partitioning between shoots and roots, and extent of nodulation were characterised in four novel self-fertile highly inbred lines (referred to as A, B, C and D) of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) thought to differ fundamentally in their nitrogen relations and therefore regarded as candidate material for genetic mapping. Plants were inoculated with a mixture of three strains of Rhizobium and grown in flowing nutrient solutions without N for 18 d. Half the plants were then supplied with 20 μM NO₃ ^- during a 36 d treatment period, the remaining plants acting as ‘controls’ solely dependent upon N₂ fixation for acquisition of N. Total dry matter production and shoot:root ratios were similar in all lines supplied with NO₃ ^- and in control plants of lines B and C. Growth was severely reduced in control plants of line D and to a lesser extent in control line A. These effects were attributed to a failure to develop effective N₂ fixation capacity after apparently normal infection. Mean nodule size, nodule numbers and nodule d.w. per plant were extremely low in line D compared with the other lines, irrespective of whether NO₃ ^- was supplied. Lines A, B and C differed in the severity with which NO₃ ^- decreased mean d.w. per nodule and total nodule d.w. per plant relative to corresponding control plants, with line C being least sensitive. Nitrate also decreased the total number of nodules per plant relative to control plants after day 14 in all lines except C, and most severely in line B. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Phosphordüngewirkung eisenhaltiger Klärschlämme

<?show $38#Bo;>Phosphorus fertilization effect of sewage sludges treated with iron compounds The result of waste water treatment with iron salts are sewage sludges with higher P but also Fe contents. The effect of such sludges on P availability in soils is not clear and was, therefore, compared with CaHPO₄ as a P mineral fertilizer. In experiments (Mitscherlich pots, 6 kg soil) two sandy soils (pH 4.3 and 4.9), two luvisols ( pH 6.3 and 7.2), a loess (13 % CaCO₃), and quartz sand all differing in their P status were treated with two sewage sludges which differed in their molar Fe:P ratios (sludge Gö: 1:0.3, sludge Sh: 1:1.2). For sludge Gö the P elimination had been carried out with FeSO₄ and the sludge was stabilized with FeCl₃ + Ca(OH)₂ (filter press). For sludge Sh P was eliminated by FeCl₃ in the aerobic basin. The first crop was maize (total shoot dry matter), the second red clover. In case of sludge Sh both crops took up in comparison to CaHPO₄ the same amount of P from all substrates with the exception of quartz sand. The effect of sludge Gö was quite different: from the neutral luvisol soils maize was able to take up only 64—82 % P and red clover 77—82 % P only as compared to CaHPO₄. On the sandy soils maize and red clover grew after sludge Gö as good or better than after CaHPO₄ application and P uptake was quite similar (83—106 %). This result was concomitant to an increase of pH values (from 4.3 to 4.9, 4.9 to 5.6, respectively). The negative efficiency of P uptake in heavy soils after application of sludge Gö resulted from an increase of P sorption and decrease of orthophosphate concentration in soil solution. This sludge contains a high proportion of iron hydroxides/oxides with free sorption sites for P. In future P elimination from waste water should be done without iron salts. At least during the process of conditioning no Fe salts should be used.<?show $6#>