少花龙葵种间嫁接后代对小白菜生长及镉积累的影响

通过盆栽试验,将茄子、土豆、番茄作为砧木嫁接的少花龙葵后代与小白菜混种,研究了镉胁迫条件下(10 mg kg~(-1)),少花龙葵种间嫁接后代对小白菜生长及镉积累的影响。结果表明:混种少花龙葵种间嫁接后代均能提高小白菜的生物量和叶绿素含量,其大小顺序均为:混种茄子砧木的少花龙葵嫁接后代混种土豆砧木的少花龙葵嫁接后代混种未嫁接少花龙葵混种番茄砧木的少花龙葵嫁接后代单种。同时,混种少花龙葵种间嫁接后代也能提高小白菜根系镉含量、地上部分镉含量及整株镉含量。混种小白菜后,番茄砧木嫁接的木少花龙葵后代的地上部分生物量、地上部分镉含量及地上部分镉积累量较未嫁接少花龙葵均有所提高,分别较未嫁接少花龙葵提高了7.73%、7.54%和15.84%,其余的处理则提高不明显或低于未嫁接少花龙葵。因此,少花龙葵不适合混种镉污染条件下的小白菜,但番茄作为砧木嫁接的少花龙葵后代能够提高少花龙葵对土壤镉污染的修复能力。     

Physiological Responses of Leymus Chinensis to Long-Term Salt,Alkali and Mixed Salt-Alkali Stresses

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological responses of Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel exposed to long-term salt, salt-alkali, and alkali stress in order to elucidate how L. chinensis can survive under alkaline-sodic soils. L. chinensis (30 days after germination) were stressed with salt [SS; sodium chloride (NaCl)], mixed salt-alkali [MS; molar ratio of NaCl: sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) = 2:1] and alkali salt (AS; Na₂CO₃) at four different levels of sodium (Na⁺) concentration (0, 75, 150, and 300 mM) for 60 days. L. chinensis showed 100% survival rate at all treatments except 300 mM SS (33.3%) and AS (18.9%). The growth and physiological parameters of survival plants were measured. As anticipated, growth of L. chinensis was inhibited after stresses, which reflected in the decline of plant height, dry weight and tiller number following the increased Na⁺ concentration. The content of Na⁺, proline, and soluble sugar in L. chinensis increased with the increasing Na⁺ concentration, suggesting that L. chinensis need to accumulate inorganic and organic solutes for resisting osmotic stress induced by various salt stresses. These processes ensure the water balance that can provide a relative normal physiological environment for L. chinensis. Potassium (K⁺) content of L. chinensis kept at a relative lower level than control to ensure the normal physiological processes. Chlorophyll content of stressed plant increased slightly compared to control plants, which can produce more energy for L. chinensis resisting various stresses. The increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content of stressed plants showed the damage of various stresses. Among the three treatments (SS, MS, and AS), the injury extent for L. chinensis can be expressed by AS>SS>MS, and MS was the most complicated for the counterbalance effects of soil electrical conduction and pH.     

模拟酸雨胁迫对油冬菜生理特性的影响

[目的]研究模拟酸雨胁迫对油冬菜叶片生理特性的影响,为制定油冬菜酸雨防治措施提供参考依据.[方法]对盆栽油冬菜品种黑油冬分别喷施pH为5.6、4.5、3.5和2.5的模拟酸雨,以喷施清水(pH 7.0)为对照(CK),测定分析不同酸度模拟酸雨处理的油冬菜生理生化指标.[结果]随着模拟酸雨酸度的增强,油冬菜叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总含量及丙二醛(MDA)含量均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,前三者在模拟酸雨pH 4.5时升至最高,MDA含量在模拟酸雨pH 3.5时达最高;脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白及可溶性糖含量呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,前二者在模拟酸雨pH 4.5时降至最低,可溶性糖含量在模拟酸雨pH 5.6时降至最低;类胡萝卜素含量持续降低;在pH 4.5的模拟酸雨胁迫下,油冬菜脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量均出现急剧变化,分别比CK降低58.37%和50.89%.[结论]pH 4.5可能是酸雨对油冬菜造成隐性伤害的阈值,适度酸雨胁迫可激发油冬菜自身的抗逆系统.酸雨较重的南方地区可在油冬菜定植前选用适量石灰改善土壤酸性,也可采用设施栽培来避免酸雨对其叶片产生危害.     

‘妃子笑’早花果与晚花果果实发育和糖积累动态及品质差异的比较

以同一株‘妃子笑’荔枝不同花期果实为研究对象,探讨它们在果实发育和糖组分动态及品质方面的差异．研究结果表明：早花果和晚花果的果实及其各组织的生长型均为单s型,其果实发育时期均可划分为Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期,第Ⅱ期又可划分Ⅱa期和Ⅱb期,所不同的是,早花果的Ⅰ期比晚花果要长10d．推测晚花果假种皮在Ⅱb期生长受抑的现象主要还是由于Ⅰ期和Ⅱa期的果皮和种皮生长受到抑制的结果．早花果的糖分积累主要发生在Ⅱa期,晚花果的糖分积累则主要发生在Ⅱb期,它们均是以积累还原糖为主,成熟时两者在总糖及其各组分之间并无显著差别．早花果比晚花果品质好主要表现在果大、含酸量低、固酸比高等方面．     

红檵木的花器构造与花粉生活力的研究

通过对红檵木花器构造和花粉形态观察，并测定其花粉粒的形态、可染率和萌发率。结果表明：花药开裂第1天的花粉生活力与第2d、第3d相比差异显著。花粉管萌发的适宜pH值为6．0-6．5。     

Effect of the Antisense BcMF12 Driven by the BcA9 Promoter on Gene Silencing in Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis

The study analyzed the silencing of BcMF12 gene regulated by BcA9 promoter in the transgenic pakchoi and confirmed the effect of antisense BcMF12 gene on the pollen development. A conserved BcMF12 gene fragment was amplified from the cDNA of flower buds in pakchoi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis, syn. B. rapa L. ssp. chinensis) and was fused to the anther specific BcA9 promoter. The plant antisense expression vector was constructed and then introduced into pakchoi via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The transgenic plants were screened by antibiotics and molecular analysis. PCR and Southern blot revealed that the antisense BcMF12-GUS fusion gene regulated by BcA9 promoter was integrated into transgenic plants. Northern blot suggested that the expression of BcMF12 gene was down-regulated significantly. The pollen germination rate of transgenic plants with antisense BcMF12 gene decreased as compared with that of the control plants. The expression of the gene BcMF12 related to the pollen development was inhibited by the antisense BcMF12 driven by BcA9 promoter, which consequently affected the pollen development in pakchoi.     

羊草对盐碱胁迫的生理生化响应特征

研究羊草对盐碱胁迫生理响应特征,旨在找出羊草耐盐碱范围及其对盐碱地改良的应用潜力。通过模拟5组不同盐碱梯度土壤胁迫试验(p H值为7.61、8.05、8.33、8.73、9.37,电导率为0.109、0.301、0.437、0.486、0.591 m S/cm),研究了羊草体内离子含量和运输能力、有机小分子渗透调节和保护酶活性变化。结果表明,盐碱胁迫由低到高,超氧化物歧化酶和甜菜碱在中度盐碱胁迫(p H值8.33,电导率0.437 m S/cm)积累最多,其他测定的耐盐碱物质,钠离子、脯氨酸、丙二醛、有机酸(草酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸)、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、可溶性总糖、可溶性蛋白均呈直线增加。在盐碱胁迫条件下,羊草叶片中积累的钾离子、甜菜碱、有机酸、可溶性蛋白高于根茎,而脯氨酸、丙二醛、保护酶(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶)、可溶性总糖叶片中含量低于根茎。根茎大量积累保护酶、脯氨酸及丙二醛有助于防止盐碱环境下根茎中膜过氧化,并保持根茎正常的渗透调节能力,从而有利于将K+等养分运送到叶片。在盐碱胁迫下,羊草叶片主要积累甜菜碱和有机酸进行渗透调节。该试验结果表明,羊草根茎和叶片在不同盐碱胁迫条件下各耐盐碱生理指标均产生一系列适应性反应,使其在盐碱环境正常生长,进而降低土壤盐碱性。该研究可为耐盐碱饲草选育及根茎型禾草改良盐碱化草地提供理论和实践依据。     

五味子萃取物有效成分含量测定及其对鸡肉中肌苷酸含量的影响

作者采用高效液相色谱测定五味子萃取物有效成分含量,并研究其对肉仔鸡胸肌、腿肌肌苷酸含量的影响。试验选择1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡200羽,公母各半,随机分为5组,每组设4个重复,每个重复10羽。各组间鸡体重无统计学上的差异（P>0.05）,试验全期56 d。空白组饲喂基础日粮（不添加任何药物）,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加黄霉素5 mg/kg、五味子萃取物0.1%、0.2%、0.4%。56日龄屠宰试验鸡,取胸肌、腿肌肉,测定肌苷酸含量。研究结果表明,各试验组胸（腿）肌肌苷酸含量均高于空白组与黄霉素组,其中0.4%五味子萃取物组与空白组和黄霉素组相比差异显著（P<0.05）。     

五味子花芽分化的形态学研究

采用石蜡切片法对五味子花芽形态建成研究的结果表明,五味子花芽性别分化不经历两性过渡阶段,即雄花和雌花的花性分化在形态分化前就已经决定。五味子的花芽分化在时间上具有明显的长期性,空间上具有一定的差异性。     

中国对虾亲虾生殖周期中消化酶活性及组织生化成分的变化

叙述了中国对虾亲虾(海捕亲虾与池养亲虾)在生殖周期中肝胰腺、中肠的消化酶活性及卵巢、肝胰腺、血淋巴生化成分的研究结果。蛋白酶、脂肪酶在卵巢成熟的Ⅳ期前活性较高，临产卵时(Ⅴ期)活性明显下降，而且海捕亲虾与池养亲虾具有相同的变化趋势；中国对虾卵巢、肝胰腺和血淋巴的蛋白质和脂肪含量随性腺发育有不同的变化规律，其中总蛋自在这几种组织中均随性腺发育含量增加，至Ⅳ期(肝胰腺)和Ⅴ期(卵巢、血淋巴)达到高峰值；卵巢的总脂和甘油三酯从发育Ⅰ期-Ⅴ期随着性腺指数的增长而有规律的上升，但肝胰腺脂肪含量在卵巢发育初期(Ⅰ期-Ⅱ期)未见明显变化，Ⅱ期以后，肝胰腺脂肪含量逐渐下降，当卵巢脂肪含量达到最高值时，肝胰腺脂肪含量正好下降到最低点。同时，还对中国对虾卵巢发育过程中蛋白质和脂肪的积累问题进行了分析和讨论。