Yield estimation of 1-year-old asparagus grown using rootstock-planting forcing culture

Rootstock-planting forcing culture was developed in asparagus to harvest spears even during the seasons when the plants become dormant, but the demand for them high. In this study, cumulative hours during which the air temperature remained lower than 5°C, i.e. chilling hours (CHs), were calculated to determine dormancy breakage for asparagus cultures. We also measured CIELab colour values for cut stems immediately before rootstock digging, and determined whether they could be substituted and/or compensated for CHs while evaluating asparagus plant productivity in different low-temperature backgrounds, and obtained regression equations for yield estimation. Asparagus seedlings were cultivated in seven different regions across Japan and brought to the study site for harvesting. Our regression equation based on CHs and rootstock weight for yield estimation had relatively high fitness (adjusted R² = 0.5795). The colour values of cut stalks at rootstock digging can also be used to evaluate their productivity. These values can be useful in regions where CHs cannot be determined, although their effectiveness was slightly lower than that of CHs of areas adjacent to the study sites.     

毛竹林冰雪危害调查及灾后重建技术组装

以靖安县毛竹林为调查研究对象,调查冰雪危害毛竹林的规律,了解毛竹林分防御雪灾的能力,制定毛竹林损伤类型划分,组装毛竹林灾后重建技术.     

Involvement of TLR4/NLRP3 inflammasome in contrast medium-induced inflammation and injury in renal tubular epithelial cells

AIM: To investigate whether Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome were involved in contrast medium (CM)-induced inflammation and injury in renal tubular epithelial cells. METHODS: Iopromide was used to injure NRK-52E cells in the study. The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. The protein levels of TLR4, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speckle-like protein (ASC), caspase-1 and cleaved caspase-3 were determined by Western blot. The releases of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 were detected by ELISA. The apoptotic rate was evaluated by Hoechst staining, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was analyzed by JC-1 staining. siRNA was transfected into the NRK-52E cells to silence NLRP3 expression. RESULTS: CM decreased the viability of NRK-52E cells (P<0.05). CM also elevated the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, TLR4, NLRP3, IL-1β and IL-18 (P<0.05). Silencing NLRP3 attenuated CM-induced releases of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, treatment with TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242 or knockdown of NLRP3 by siRNA transfection both attenuated cell apoptosis and loss of MMP caused by CM. CONCLUSION: TLR4/NLRP3 inflammasome takes part in the pathogenesis of CM-induced acute kidney injury, and mediates CM-induced injury and inflammation in renal tubular epithelial cells.     

Dexmedetomidine attenuates acute alcoholic hepatic injury in mice

AIM: To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on acute alcoholic hepatic injury in mice and to explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS: Kunming mice (n=50) were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10): normal saline control (NS) group, acute alcoholic hepatic injury model (E) group, low-dose (10 μg/kg) DEX (E+L) group, medium-dose (50 μg/kg) DEX (E+M) group and high-dose (100 μg/kg) DEX (E+H) group. The animals were sacrificed at 6 h after gavage of alcohol or normal saline. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. The livers were removed for evaluation of histological characteristics and determining the content of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) amd interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the liver tissues by ELISA. The expression levels of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the liver tissues were evaluated by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with NS group, the levels of ALT, AST and TG were obviously increased in E group, which were obviously decreased in E+M and E+H groups. Compared with NS group, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and MDA were obviously increase in E group, which were obviously decreased in E+M and E+H groups. Compared with NS group, the activity of SOD and the content of GSH were obviously decreased in E group, which were obviously increased in E+M and E+H groups. Compared with NS group, the expression of CYP2E1 and NF-κB was obviously increase in E group, which was obviously decreased in E+M and E+H groups. Compared with NS group, ethanol induced marked liver histological injury, which was less pronounced in E+M and E+H groups. CONCLUSION: DEX has a protective effect on mouse liver with acute alcoholic injury by the involvement in the processes of antioxidation and antiinflammation, and its mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of CYP2E1 and NF-κB expression.     

甘薯贮藏冷害研究现状

甘薯富含丰富的糖、蛋白质、维生素和多种活性成分,具有很高的营养价值和经济价值,深受人们的喜爱。甘薯贮藏过程中极易发生冷害而腐烂,导致其品质下降,影响贮藏和流通。本文介绍了甘薯在贮藏期间冷害发生的表现、冷害对甘薯生理代谢、糖代谢、能量代谢和酚类代谢的影响以及不同处理(冷锻炼处理、乙烯处理和紫外辐照处理)对甘薯冷害的影响,以期为甘薯贮藏保鲜提供理论依据。     

草酸处理对桂七芒果冷害及细胞壁代谢的影响

为探讨草酸处理对低温冷藏下芒果冷害及细胞壁代谢的影响,本试验以桂七芒果果实为试材,采用5 mmol·L^-1草酸溶液浸泡处理,以清水浸泡处理为对照,并于4℃贮藏,分析芒果的冷害指数、丙二醛(MDA)含量、相对电导率、硬度、细胞壁物质含量、细胞壁代谢酶的变化。结果表明,与对照组相比,草酸处理显著降低了低温贮藏14 d后桂七芒果果实冷害指数、MDA含量、相对电导率、原果胶和纤维素含量,显著降低了低温贮藏28 d后果实的硬度;显著提高了低温贮藏14 d后果实水溶性果胶含量及多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、果胶甲酯酶(PME)、纤维素酶(Cx)活性,显著提高了贮藏21 d后果实β-半乳糖苷酶(β-Gal)活性。综上所述,草酸处理能减轻桂七芒果冷害,维持采后果实细胞壁降解酶较高活性和水溶性果胶含量。本研究为揭示草酸减轻芒果果实冷害机制提供了依据,可为草酸应用于其他冷敏型果实的贮藏保鲜提供理论参考。     

热处理对低温胁迫下黄瓜活性氧代谢和膜脂组分的影响

为探讨热处理减轻黄瓜果实低温冷害的作用机理,本试验研究了47℃热水浸泡5 min处理对黄瓜果实在4℃贮藏期间活性氧代谢和膜脂组分的影响。结果表明,47℃热水5 min处理可显著抑制黄瓜果实冷害的发生,贮藏15 d后果实冷害指数较对照(CK)低20.87%。此外,热处理还可抑制黄瓜相对电导率及丙二醛(MDA)含量的上升,提高黄瓜果实超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(DOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)的活性,抑制超氧阴离子($\mathop{{O}}_{2}^{{\mathop{}_{\ ·}^{-}}}$)及过氧化氢(H₂O₂)的产生,同时降低脂氧合酶的活性,保持较低的饱和脂肪酸含量、较高的不饱和脂肪酸含量和膜脂不饱和度。综上,热处理可维持黄瓜果实活性氧代谢的平衡,抑制膜脂的过氧化作用,从而提高黄瓜果实的抗冷性,减轻果实冷害损伤。     

高寒城市郊区外来园林树种适应性评价

为了确定外来园林树种在高寒城市郊区的适应性,以典型区域——青海西宁市火烧沟外来园林树种为对象,基于野外定株监测及室内统计分析,对其抗寒性、性状稳定性及生长发育能力等进行了研究,并综合评价了不同树种的适应能力。结果表明：（1）乔木树种紫叶稠李主干基部在晚冬期出现轻微冻裂,其他3种乔木在早春期发生了严重的抽条及轻度的冻害,4者叶色或叶形均明显改变,适应能力依次为：紫叶稠李>金叶复叶槭>金枝国槐>金叶榆。（2）小乔木类树种均发生了较严重的抽条,芽、叶、花出现了明显的冻斑,花朵变色或畸形率低于10%,适应性强弱依次为：西府海棠>独干红叶榆叶梅=绚丽海棠>红叶碧桃。（3）几种丁香属植物抵御冻害能力较强,仅部分物种一年生枝发生了轻微的抽条,但一些物种后期生长发育能力较差,例如黄丁香不发育花器官,综合适应能力大小为：紫罗兰丁香=波峰丁香=红叶丁香>辽东丁香>其他5者。（4）小灌木类树种胶东卫矛和小叶黄杨冬季地上部全部冻干,其他小灌木也发生了不同程度的冻害和抽条,球冠类适应能力为：榆叶梅=珍珠绣线菊>金叶榆>圆柏,绿篱类为：水蜡=紫叶矮樱>金...     

敌草快对斑马鱼组织损伤及慢性肝脏损害作用

探讨敌草快对斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)的毒性效应及其致毒机理。观察敌草快对斑马鱼鳃和肝脏组织的急性损伤效应,并分析慢性敌草快胁迫对斑马鱼肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽-S转移酶(GST)、丙二醛(MDA)和甘油三酯(TG)的影响。敌草快对斑马鱼的96 h半致死浓度(LC50)为16.92 mg·L~(-1);斑马鱼暴露于8.46、4.23、1.69 mg·L~(-1)敌草快中96 h后,苏木精-伊红(H-E)染色显示鳃小片出现卷曲变形、上皮细胞排列不规则和细胞脱落现象,肝细胞呈现明显的肿大,胞质产生空泡化,局部区域细胞坏死、溶解,斑马鱼鳃和肝脏组织的损伤程度随着敌草快浓度的增加而加重;暴露于1.69、0.84 mg·L~(-1)和0.34 mg·L~(-1)敌草快中28 d后,斑马鱼肝脏的SOD活性变化表现为降-升-降,并呈现出剂量效应;1.69 mg·L~(-1)和0.84 mg·L~(-1)敌草快处理组肝脏的GST活性表现为先升后降,28 d时显著低于对照组(P0.01),0.34 mg·L~(-1)敌草快处理组肝脏的GST活性无显著变化(P0.05);与对照组相比,处理组肝脏的MDA含量在第7 d和14 d变化均不明显(P0.05),在第28 d时0.84 mg·L~(-1)和1.69 mg·L~(-1)敌草快处理组肝脏的MDA含量极显著升高(P0.01);处理组斑马鱼肝脏中TG的含量均从14 d开始出现增加。水体中的敌草快对斑马鱼有较严重的急性损伤作用,长时间暴露于低浓度敌草快中的斑马鱼,其肝脏会发生氧化应激反应,肝脏代谢功能也会受到影响。